Mask and method for deactivating a pathogenic aerosol

Abstract

A method for producing an improved mask or device for killing or deactivating pathogens, such as viruses. A mask or device produced in accordance with the method for producing. A method for killing, or making inviable, viruses, such as airborne viruses. A pathogen-deactivating assembly having two zones of hydrophilic particulate matter for deactivating a pathogenic aerosol. The two hydrophilic particulate matter zones are separated by a hydrophobic fibrous partition.

Claims

1. A method for improving the deactivation of pathogens in a pathogenic aerosol comprising: (a) passing a first pathogenic aerosol matter containing an aqueous fluid through a first pathogen-deactivating zone to deactivate pathogens and produce a second pathogenic aerosol matter having residual aqueous fluid and residual pathogens; (b) removing water from the residual aqueous fluid to produce a third pathogenic aerosol matter having residual pathogens and the residual aqueous fluid containing less water; and (c) passing the third pathogenic aerosol into and through a second pathogen-deactivating zone to deactivate at least a portion of said residual pathogens.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said removing of water from the residual aqueous fluid to produce a third pathogenic aerosol matter comprises passing the second pathogenic aerosol matter through a hydrophobic fibrous member.

3. A mask for deactivating a pathogenic aerosol comprising an outer face member having an inner surface and a structure defining at least one outer member opening; an inner face member having an outer surface and a structure defining at least one inner member opening; a pathogen-deactivating assembly disposed against the inner surface of the outer face member such as to generally cover the at least one outer member opening, said pathogen-deactivating assembly having a pathogen-deactivating matter and a hydrophobic fibrous member; said outer surface of the inner face member being disposed against the pathogen-deactivating assembly such as to generally cover the at least one inner member opening; an outer pathogen-deactivating pocket formed through and protruding from the outer member opening; and an inner pathogen-deactivating pocket formed through and protruding from the inner member opening.

4. A pathogen-deactivating assembly comprising a first encapsulated zone of hydrophilic particulate matter for deactivating a pathogenic aerosol; a second encapsulated zone of hydrophilic particulate matter for further deactivating the pathogenic aerosol after the pathogenic aerosol has passed through the first encapsulated zone of hydrophilic particulate matter; and a hydrophobic fibrous partition separating the first encapsulated zone of hydrophilic particulate matter from the second encapsulated zone of hydrophilic particulate matter.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said removing water from the residual aqueous fluid to produce a third pathogenic aerosol matter increases the efficiency for said second pathogen-deactivating zone to deactivate said residual pathogens.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein said passing the second pathogenic aerosol matter through said hydrophobic fibrous member deactivates residual pathogens.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of the mask.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the embodiment of the mask.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a front elevational view thereof.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a rear elevational view thereof.

[0022] FIG. 5 is a right side elevational view thereof.

[0023] FIG. 6 is a left side elevational view thereof.

[0024] FIG. 7 a top plan view thereof.

[0025] FIG. 8 a bottom plan view thereof.

[0026] FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken in direction of the arrows and along the plane of line 9-9 in FIG. 3.

[0027] FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken in direction of the arrows and along the plane of line 10-10 in FIG. 3.

[0028] FIG. 11 is a segmented side elevational view of the mask showing the outer face member and the inner face member separated from each other, and the pathogen-deactivating assembly separately disposed between the outer face member and the inner face member.

[0029] FIG. 12 is a partial rear elevational view of the inner surface of the outer face member showing the pathogen-deactivating assembly disposed over and covering the apertures of the outer face member.

[0030] FIG. 13 is a partial front elevational view of the outer surface of the inner face member showing the pathogen-deactivating assembly disposed over and covering the apertures of the inner face member.

[0031] FIG. 14 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly.

[0032] FIG. 15 is a vertical sectional view of the pathogen-deactivating assembly taken in direction of the arrows and along the plane of line 15-15 in FIG. 14.

[0033] FIG. 16a is a side elevational view of a particulate dispenser sprinkling particulate matter (i.e., a pathogen-deactivating substance) on a fibrous aero-permeable substrate material, in the process for producing or forming an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly.

[0034] FIG. 16b is a side elevational view after the particulate dispenser had sprinkled the particulate matter (i.e., a pathogen-deactivating substance) on the fibrous aero-permeable substrate material, and after a fibrous aero-permeable superstrate member had been imposed over the particulate matter supported on the aero-permeable substrate material, and after the perimetrical edges of the fibrous aero-permeable superstrate member had been sealed (preferably sealed by heat) to the perimetrical edges of the fibrous aero-permeable substrate material, producing or forming an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly.

[0035] FIG. 17 is a partial sectional view of the outer face member and the inner face member with the pathogen-deactivating assembly disposed (and sandwiched) between the outer face member and the inner face member, before the outer face member and the inner face member begin compressing the pathogen-deactivating assembly by (and when) moving towards each other (and/or optionally slightly sliding back and forth relatively to each other, or vibrating in combination, or rotating in combination, or moving in any desired or given direction in combination), causing the particulate matter within the pathogen-deactivating assembly to migrate or move towards the apertures of the outer face member and the inner face member to begin the formation of protruding pockets of pathogen-deactivating substance.

[0036] FIG. 18 is a partial sectional view of the outer face member and the inner face member with the pathogen-deactivating assembly disposed (and sandwiched) between the outer face member and the inner face member, as and while the outer face member and the inner face member are compressing the pathogen-deactivating assembly by moving towards each other (and/or optionally slightly sliding back and forth relatively to each other, or vibrating in combination, or rotating in combination, or moving in any desired or given direction in combination), showing the migration or movement (preferably progressive migration or movement) of the particulate matter within the pathogen-deactivating assembly towards the apertures of the outer face member and the inner face member and the beginning of the formation (preferably progressive formation) of protruding pockets of pathogen-deactivating substance.

[0037] FIG. 19 is a partial sectional view of the outer face member and the inner face member with the pathogen-deactivating assembly disposed (and sandwiched) between the outer face member and the inner face member, after the outer face member and the inner face member have essentially fully compressed the pathogen-deactivating assembly and have moved a portion of the particulate matter through the apertures of the outer face member and the inner face member, and have formed pockets of pathogen-deactivating substance which protrude through the apertures.

[0038] FIG. 20 is a segmented exploded view of another embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly, illustrating an intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member (e.g., a fibrous member possessing poor water absorbency characteristics and comprising synthetic fibers such as nylon, acrylic and modacrylic) disposed between a pair of outer fibrous members, with particulate matter (e.g., hydrophilic particulate matter with pathogen-deactivating ability or quality) positioned between one of the outer fibrous members and the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member. and between the other outer fibrous member and the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member.

[0039] FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of a particulate dispenser sprinkling particulate matter (i.e., a pathogen-deactivating substance) on an intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member after the particulate dispenser had previously sprinkled particulate matter on a fibrous aero-permeable substrate member followed by the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member being disposed over the previously sprinkled particulate matter, all in the process for producing or forming an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly.

[0040] FIG. 22 is a side elevational sectional view of an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly after the particulate dispenser in FIG. 21 sprinkled particulate matter (i.e., a pathogen-deactivating substance) on the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member, and after a fibrous aero-permeable superstrate member was imposed over the sprinkled particulate matter and was coupled to the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member by sealing (preferably sealed by heat) its perimetrical edges to the perimetrical edges of the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member, and after the perimetrical edges of the fibrous aero-permeable substrate member were sealed to the perimetrical edges of the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member with previously deposited particulate matter disposed between the fibrous aero-permeable substrate member and the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member, all producing or forming an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly.

[0041] FIG. 23 is a partial sectional view of the outer face member and the inner face member with the pathogen-deactivating assembly (comprising the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member) being disposed (and sandwiched) between the outer face member and the inner face member, as and while the outer face member and the inner face member are compressing the pathogen-deactivating assembly by moving towards each other (and/or optionally slightly sliding back and forth relatively to each other, or vibrating in combination, or rotating in combination, or moving in any desired or given direction in combination), showing the migration or movement (preferably progressive migration or movement) of the particulate matter within the pathogen-deactivating assembly towards the apertures of the outer face member and the inner face member and the beginning of the formation (preferably progressive formation) of protruding pockets of pathogen-deactivating substance.

[0042] FIG. 24 is a partial sectional view of the outer face member and the inner face member with the pathogen-deactivating assembly (comprising the intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member) being disposed (and sandwiched) between the outer face member and the inner face member, after the outer face member and the inner face member have essentially fully compressed the pathogen-deactivating assembly and have moved a portion of the particulate matter through the apertures of the outer face member and the inner face member, and have formed pockets of pathogen-deactivating substance which protrude through the apertures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0043] In the description herein for embodiments of the present invention, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Referring in detail now to the drawings, wherein similar parts of embodiments of the present invention are identified by like reference numerals, there is seen a device, preferably a mask, generally illustrated as 10. The mask 10 has an outer face member 14 (or outer shell) and an inner face member 18 (or inner shell) releasably coupled or secured to the outer face member 14.

[0045] The inner face member 18 is configured to cover a wearer's nose and mouth. The outer face member 14 has an inner surface 7 and an outer surface 9, and is configured to fit over the inner face member 18. Ear straps 15-15 conveniently pass through apertures 17-17 and 19-19 in the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18, respectively, and wrap around a wearer's ears for retaining the mask 10 on the wearer's face. The outer face member 14 and inner face member 18 have a plurality of apertures 42 and apertures 46, respectively. When the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18 are coupled together, apertures 42 and 46 are generally aligned co-axially, sharing a common axis.

[0046] The inner face member 18 has an outer surface 11, and an inner surface 21 to which a nose bridge 22 and a facial bib member 26 are attached. The nose bridge 22 and facial bib member 26 may be manufactured from any material or substance which is comfortable for the wearer, such as by way of example epdm rubber or “foam,” a composition of matter typically comprising polyols, polyisocyanates, water and other chemicals.

[0047] The inner face member 18 and the outer face member 14 may also be manufactured from any suitable material or substance for purposes of embodiments of the present invention, preferably a material or substance which is sturdy and strong enough to allow compression and/or otherwise movement of members 14, 18, and to cause and allow migration or movement (preferably progressive migration or movement) of the particulate matter 88 within the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 towards the apertures 42 and 46 of the members 14 and 18 to form protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80 (as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19). Suitable materials for producing members 14 and 18 include thermo-formed polystyrene, and plastics, such as by way of example only, polypropylene, polyethylene, and PVC.

[0048] A pathogen-deactivating assembly, generally illustrated as 30, is removably disposed between the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18. The pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 may be easily removed or replaced after separating or decoupling the outer face member 14 from the inner face member 18. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 may resemble a tea bag. Preferably, the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30, as best shown in FIG. 16b, comprises a substrate 84, a superstrate 85 perimetrically connected to the substrate 84, such as by heat-sealing, with pathogen-deactivating particulate matter 88 (e.g., a salt crystal) contained within the secured borders or perimeters of substrate 84 and superstrate 85.

[0049] The protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80 (as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19) provide an immediate larger quantity and/or volume of particulate matter 88 available for killing pathogens (or viruses), compared to where or when no protruding pockets exist, such as best shown in FIG. 17. The average surface area of particles of the particulate matter 88 agglomerated together should be tailored such as to generally maximize the pathogen-deactivating ability or quality of the particulate matter 88, while maintaining suitable and sufficient aero-permeability for pathogen-infected air. Surface area is a means by which particulate matter 88 interacts with its surrounding environment, whether the environment is a gas or a liquid. As particle size of the particulate matter 88 decreases, the surface area per unit volume (or mass) increases.

[0050] Specific surface area of the particles of particulate matter 88 may be defined as the total surface area of the particles (e,g., such as that contained in the respective protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80) per unit of mass or weight. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the total surface area of the particles of particulate matter 88 preferably ranges from about 1.0 m.sup.2/g to about 500.00 m.sup.2/g, more preferably from about 20.00 m.sup.2/g to about 300.00 m.sup.2/g, most preferably from about 30.00 m.sup.2/g to about 100.00 m.sup.2/g.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the particles of particulate matter 88 comprise a salt crystal including one or more of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfate, ammonium, phosphate, glutamate, tartrate, and their ions. More preferably, the particles of particulate matter 88 comprise either sodium chloride or potassium chloride, or a mixture of sodium chloride or potassium chloride, with the particles including a total surface area ranging from about 50.0 m.sup.2/g to about 500.00 m.sup.2/g, more preferably from about 100.00 m.sup.2/g to about 300.00 m.sup.2/g.

[0052] Substrate 84 and superstrate 85 may be manufactured from any suitable material or substance for purposes of embodiments of the present invention, preferably a material or substance which has sufficient aero-permeability allowing pathogen-infected air to pass through and into the particulate matter 88 for deactivating pathogens, and to enable the same air (including deactivated pathogens) to pass out of the assembly 30.

[0053] Substrate 84 and superstrate 85 are preferably manufactured of a material or substance which produces substrate 84 and superstrate 85 as having physical structural characteristics possessing sufficient flexibility and elasticity, such that when the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18 compress the particulate matter 88 (contained within the combined substrate 84 and superstrate 85), and/or simultaneously (optionally) with slightly sliding back and forth relatively to each other (as reflected by arrows B and C in FIGS. 18 and 19), or vibrating in combination, or rotating in combination, or moving in any desired or given direction (e.g., shaking) in combination (as reflected by arrows A in FIGS. 18 and 19); the migration or movement of the particulate matter 88 (contained within the combined substrate 84 and superstrate 85) occurs towards the respective apertures 46 and 42 of the outer face member 18 and the inner face member 14, to eventually form protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80 (as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19).

[0054] In a preferred embodiment substrate 84 and superstrate 85, and the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30, may be manufactured from one of either woven polyester fabric, non-woven polypropylene fabric, cellulose or nylon. The substrate 84 and superstrate 85, and the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30, may also be made of, or manufactured from, any of the pathogen-deactivating fibrous materials (identified therein by way of example fibrous material 100 or 200 or 700), or any of the multilayer structures (identified therein as “structure 300”), all disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2020/0179547 A1, application Ser. No. 16/326,187, published Jun. 11, 2020, to Choi, entirely incorporated herein.

[0055] As shown in the drawings, the mask 10 for killing viruses includes the inner face member 18 (e.g., an inner shell) and the outer face member 14 (e.g., an outer shell) removably secured to the inner face member 18 (or inner shell). The inner and outer face members 18 and 14 (or inner and outer shells) have openings or apertures 46 and 42, respectively, wherethrough air may pass when a person, wearing the mask 10, breathes, i.e. inhales and exhales. Between the inner and outer face members 18 and 14 (or inner and outer shells) is the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 (including particulate-matter filter elements) which may be removed therefrom as desired. The particulate-matter filter elements disposed within the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 (e.g., a filter-containing assembly) kills viruses when the person wearing the mask breathes in (inhales) and breathes out (exhales). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are no poppet valves (air is exhaled and inhaled through the same particulate-matter filter elements). When air passes through the particulate-matter filter elements, the virus (or any pathogen) is killed or made inviable.

[0056] The filter elements may be, or include, or consist of, any suitable means or chemicals for killing viruses when a person breathes. There are a wide variety of chemical, electrical, photo, and other exposures that kill viruses. The selected materials must be harmless to the user, and completely effective in killing viruses during use. Representative means, materials or chemicals include one or more of the following: wet emulsions; acid filters; alkaline filters; solvents; electro static exposure; electro chemical exposure; UV light exposure; and high temperature.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter element comprises, or includes, a material which includes, or consists of, a crystalline molecular structure possessing hard sharp molecular corners or edges for killing the virus, or rendering the virus unviable. It is known that a virus is an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA, RNA) in a protein coat. The crystalline molecular structure may be any molecular structure having sharp corners for engaging and piercing the protein coat (capsid) of the virus, causing the virus to become incapacitated.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filtering (pathogen killing) material comprises an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride or potassium chloride. More preferably, the material includes a crystalline molecular structure possessing hard sharp molecular corners or edges is sodium chloride, such as salt crystals sold under the product name Morton Salt. Sodium chloride crystals are typically cubic in form, comprising tiny cubes tightly bound together through ionic bonding of the sodium and chloride ions.

[0059] The filtering elements design may include dry salt crystals encapsulated in a (2) layers of filter paper (assembled like a tea bag). When fluid droplets (e.g., saliva, mucous) containing a virus deposits or resides on the filter element(s) (or in pathogen-deactivating assembly 30), the fluid droplet absorbs the salt. Air from a person breathing in and out evaporates the fluid droplet, leaving the virus in an inviable form, along with crystallized salt.

[0060] Air born viruses are typically carried in moisture droplets from a host. The virus particles are suspended in water droplets in the air surrounding an infected person. When this aerosolized pathogen mixture makes contact with the virus killing filter pathogen-deactivating assembly 30, the virus is destroyed due to the chemical /physical interaction with the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 (e.g., a filter cartridge). If sodium chloride is used in the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30, then the water born virus bonds to the salt, as an impurity in the water salt mixture. After the water has the opportunity to evaporate (assisted by the inhaling and exhaling of air by the user—exhaled air is warm), the salt crystal regrows, encapsulating the virus particle. The virus is then “trapped” during the “recrystallization period” as an “impurity” in the lattice structure of the crystal. The virus is chemically dissolved by the salt due to chemical reactions at the surface of the virus shell. This chemical exposure causes the destruction of the virus shell. The virus is made inactive or destroyed, due to its direct contact with salt and saline solutions.

[0061] As previously indicated, there are other chemicals that can offer virus killing reactions, that are available to be integrated into the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30. Embodiments of the present invention provide a suitable method to hold the virus killing particulate filter elements. Special considerations are given to there being, an effective face seal, low cost production, fast assembly, two directional killing (e.g., flow of air from inhaling and exhaling), comfort, and immediate participation with society, even if the person wearing the device is infected or is in an environment with infected people.

[0062] Continuing to refer to the drawings for describing an embodiment of the invention comprising a method for producing a device (e.g., the mask 10), including its associated protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80 (as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19), initially, the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 is obtained or produced. In a preferred embodiment, the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 may be produced by randomly sprinkling or otherwise disbursing or distributing a particulate salt crystal (e.g., pathogen-deactivating particulate matter 88) onto a suitable substrate, such as fibrous aero-permeable substrate member 84, as illustrated in FIG. 16a, insuring there is no or minimal coagulation of any salt crystal. After the desired amount of particulate salt crystal has been distributed as such, a suitable superstrate, such as the fibrous aero-permeable superstrate member 85 had been is imposed over the particulate matter supported on the aero-permeable substrate material 84, and after the perimetrical edges of the fibrous aero-permeable superstrate member 85 had been sealed (preferably sealed by heat) to the perimetrical edges of the fibrous aero-permeable substrate material 84, producing or forming an embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 (see FIG. 16b).

[0063] After the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 has been obtained or produced, assembly 10 is disposed against the inner surface 21 of the outer face member 14, such as to fully cover the apertures 42 of the outer face member 14, as illustrated in FIG. 12. Subsequently, the outer surface 11 of the inner face member 18 is disposed against the assembly 10, such as to fully cover the apertures 46 of the inner face member 18, as illustrated in FIG. 13. After the assembly 30 has been disposed as such between the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18 (see FIG. 17 which illustrates assembly 30 being disposed between the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18), the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18 begin compressing (or pressurizing) the particulate matter 88 contained within assembly 30, commencing the migration or movement of the particulate matter 88 towards the respective apertures 46 and 42 of the outer face member 18 and the inner face member 14, along with the moving and/or expanding of the layers (e.g. substrate 84 and superstrate 85) of the assembly 30 through apertures 46 and 42. This starts the process for forming the protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80 (as best illustrated in FIG. 18). The compressing (or pressurizing) of the particulate matter 88, and/or the desired directional movements of the outer face member 18 and the inner face member 14 are continued until the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18 have essentially fully compressed the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 and have moved a portion of the particulate matter 88 through the apertures 46 and 42 of the outer face member 18 and the inner face member 14, and formed pockets 60 and 80 of pathogen-deactivating substance which protrude through the apertures 42 and 46 (as best illustrated in FIG. 19).

[0064] Referring now to FIGS. 20-24 for another embodiment of the invention, there is seen in FIG. 20 a segmented exploded view of another embodiment of the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 comprising substrate 84 (e.g., a fibrous member having sufficient aero-permeability) and superstrate 85 (e.g., also a fibrous member having sufficient aero-permeability), along with an intermediate member 140 (preferably a fibrous hydrophobic intermediate member having sufficient aero-permeability) disposed between substrate 84 and superstrate 85 and separated from substrate 84 and superstrate 85 by the particulate matter 88 (e.g., a salt crystal).

[0065] FIGS. 21 and 22 broadly best illustrates the procedure for encapsulating the particulate matter 88 between substrate 84 and the intermediate fibrous member 140 and between superstrate 85 and the intermediate fibrous member 140. More specifically, initially the particulate dispenser sprinkles particulate matter 88 (e.g., hydrophilic particulate matter with pathogen-deactivating ability or quality) on substrate 84 (e.g., an aero-permeable hydrophilic fibrous member). Subsequently, the intermediate fibrous member 140 is layered or disposed over the sprinkled particulate matter 88 resting on the substrate 84. The particulate dispenser then sprinkles particulate matter 88 on the intermediate fibrous member 140 (as best shown in FIG. 21) followed by disposing or layering the superstrate 85 (e.g., an aero-permeable hydrophilic fibrous member) over the previously sprinkled particulate matter 88.

[0066] FIG. 22 is a side elevational sectional view after the particulate dispenser in FIG. 21 sprinkled particulate matter 88 on the intermediate fibrous member 140, and after superstrate 85 was imposed over the sprinkled particulate matter 88 and was coupled to the intermediate fibrous member 140 by sealing (preferably sealed by heat) its perimetrical edges to the perimetrical edges of the intermediate fibrous member 140, and after the perimetrical edges of substrate 84 were sealed (preferably sealed by heat) to the perimetrical edges of the intermediate fibrous member 140 with previously deposited particulate matter 88 disposed between the substrate 84 and the intermediate fibrous member 140. This embodiment of the invention provides two particulate-matter zones 88-88, each possessing deactivating-pathogen characteristics, separated by an aero-permeable intermediate fibrous member 140 which allows air having deactivated pathogens, along with residual pathogen-infected air, to pass therethrough from the first particulate-matter zone 88 into the second particulate-matter zone 88 for deactivating pathogens in the residual pathogen-infected air.

[0067] It is well known to those skilled in the art that molecules can be categorized as hydrophobic molecules or hydrophilic molecules according to the response these molecules show to water molecules. Artisans skilled in the art also know that hydrophobic molecules repel water molecules, whereas hydrophilic molecules attract water molecules. The degree or extent to which a molecule or surface attracts water is known as the “hydrophilicity” of that molecule. Some of the most common examples of hydrophilic substances are sugar, salt (e.g., NaCl and KCl), starch, and cellulose. A key difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules is that hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar whereas hydrophilic molecules are polar. Fibers like rayon, cotton, wool, and linen are naturally hydrophilic, but synthetic fibers such as acrylic, and modacrylic are naturally hydrophobic and have poor water absorbency.

[0068] The intermediate member 140 may be any suitable intermediate member for purposes of the present invention. Preferably, the intermediate member 140 comprises hydrophobic characteristics, such as one having poor water/absorbency properties or one naturally repelling water causing droplets to form. More preferably, the intermediate member 140 comprises a fibrous member which includes synthetic fibers that may be any of various man-made textile fibers manufactured through chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that are directly derived from living organisms, such as plants or fur from animals. Synthetic fibers may include any of those made from natural materials, such as rayon and acetate from cellulose or regenerated protein fibers from zein or casein, as well as fully synthetic fibers, such as nylon or acrylic fibers. Most preferably, the synthetic fibers for the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 are selected from the group consisting of nylon, acrylic and modacrylic.

[0069] Substrate 84 and superstrate 85 for the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 having the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 may be manufactured from any suitable material or substance for purposes of embodiments of the present invention, preferably a material or substance which has sufficient aero-permeability allowing pathogen-infected air to pass through and into the particulate matter 88 for deactivating pathogens, and to enable the same air (including deactivated pathogens) to pass out of the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30. Preferably, the fibers or material for producing the substrate 84 and superstrate 85 for the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 having the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 comprise hydrophilic characteristics. More preferably, the fibers or materials for manufacturing the substrate 84 and superstrate 85 are selected from the group consisting of rayon, cotton, wool, and linen.

[0070] The substrate 84 and superstrate 85 for embodiments of the pathogen-deactivating assembly 30 having the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 preferably possess sufficient flexibility and elasticity, such that when the outer face member 14 and the inner face member 18 compress the particulate matter 88 (contained within the particulate matter zone between the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 and substrate 84 and within the particulate matter zone between the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 and superstrate 85), and/or simultaneously (optionally) with slightly sliding back and forth relatively to each other (as reflected by arrows B and C in FIGS. 23 and 24), or vibrating in combination, or rotating in combination, or moving in any desired or given direction (e.g., shaking) in combination (as reflected by arrows A in FIGS. 23 and 24); the migration or movement of respective particulate matter 88 separated by the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 occurs towards the respective apertures 46 and 42 of the outer face member 18 and the inner face member 14, to eventually form protruding pathogen-deactivating-substance pockets 60 and 80 separated by the aero-permeable intermediate hydrophobic fibrous member 140 (as illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 24).

[0071] It is to be understood that substrate 84 and superstrate 85 may be integrally formed, by-passing two separate elements and forming a continuous outer fibrous bag. (e.g. a tote-bag shaped, a grocery-bag shaped, tea-like bag or pouch shaped) having an internal fibrous partition, preferably a hydrophobic fibrous partition 140 separating the particulate matter 88 into two volumetric sections. The continuous outer fibrous bag would have an opening defined by perimetrical edges which would be sealed or coupled together to fully encapsulate two volumetric portions of particulate matter 88 separated by the hydrophobic fibrous partition 140. Exemplary shapes or images for the continuous outer fibrous bag are shown at https://www.google.com/search?q=grocery+bag&oq=&aqs=chrome.4.69i59i45018. 1088913136j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8, which are fully incorporated herein by reference thereto.

[0072] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “a specific embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention and not necessarily in all embodiments. Thus, respective appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, or “in a specific embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any specific embodiment of the present invention may be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other embodiments. It is to be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein are possible in light of the teachings herein and are to be considered as part of the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0073] Additionally, any directional arrows in the drawings/Figures should be considered only as exemplary, and not limiting, unless otherwise specifically noted. Furthermore, the term “or” as used herein is generally intended to mean “and/or” unless otherwise indicated. Combinations of components or steps will also be considered as being noted, where terminology is foreseen as rendering the ability to separate or combine is unclear.

[0074] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, “a”, “an”, and “the” includes plural references unless the context cleanly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0075] The foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate. As indicated, these modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention and are to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0076] Thus, while the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosures, and it will be appreciated that in some instances some features of embodiments of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth. Therefore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the essential scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular terms used in following claims and/or to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.