RUGGEDIZED PORTABLE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

Abstract

A ruggedized portable water treatment system having a protective exoskeleton that supports and enshrouds the principle operating components of the water treatment system. In one embodiment, the water treatment system includes a water pump and one or more water treatment components that are disposed within the protective confines of the exoskeleton. In one embodiment, the exoskeleton includes top and bottom plates that are joined by a central support and a plurality of external supports. The principle operating components of the water treatment system, such as the water pump and the water treatment components, are mounted to the central support and are fully contained within and protected by the external supports. The external supports are disposed outwardly of the water pump and the water treatment components to form a rigid cage configured to protect the internally positioned components.

Claims

1. A portable water treatment system comprising: a water pump; a water treatment component; and an exoskeleton having a central support and a plurality of external supports arranged outwardly from the central support, wherein the water pump and water treatment component are mounted to the central support and are fully disposed within the confines of the external supports.

2. The portable water treatment system of claim 1 wherein the exoskeleton includes a top plate and a bottom plate; and wherein the central support and the external supports extend between the top plate and the bottom plate.

3. The portable water treatment system of claim 1 wherein the exoskeleton includes a generally pentagonal top plate and a generally pentagonal bottom plate; and wherein the central support extends between a central portion of the top plate and a central portion of the bottom plate; and wherein the external supports include five external supports that extend between the top plate and the bottom plate about the periphery of the exoskeleton.

4. The portable water treatment system of claim 3 wherein the exoskeleton includes a top half and a bottom half, wherein the water pump is disposed in the bottom half of the exoskeleton.

5. The portable water treatment system of claim 4 further including a control panel, the control panel mounted between a pair of adjacent external supports.

6. The portable water treatment system of claim 5 wherein the control panel includes a water inlet and a water outlet, a first flexible water line extending from the water inlet to one of the water pump and the water treatment component and a second flexible water line extending from the water outlet to one of the water pump and the water treatment component.

7. The portable water treatment system of claim 6 wherein the water treatment component includes a first water filter assembly and a second water filter assembly, each water filter assembly including a pressure vessel secured to the central support and a filter cartridge removably fitted within the pressure vessel.

8. The portable water treatment system of claim 7 wherein the water pump includes an integrated pressure switch, the pressure switch permitting activation of the water pump only in the absence of water pressure.

9. The portable water treatment system of claim 8 further including a visible light source mounted to the central support, the visible light source electrically coupled to the power inlet on the control panel, whereby the visible light source receives power from an external power supply connected to the power inlet.

10. The portable water treatment system of claim 9 wherein the external supports are arranged in a radially symmetric pattern about the periphery of the exoskeleton with the gap between adjacent external supports being greater than a width of the filter cartridges, whereby the filter cartridges can be removed and replaced through the gap.

11. A portable water treatment system comprising: an exoskeleton including a top plate, a bottom plate, a central support and a plurality of external supports, the central support extending from a central portion of the top plate to a central portion of the bottom plate, the plurality of external supports including at least five external supports extending between the top plate and the bottom plate in a radially symmetric pattern about the periphery of the exoskeleton; a control panel mounted between a pair of adjacent external supports, the control panel including a power inlet, a water inlet and a water outlet; a water pump mounted to the central support; and a pair of water filter assemblies, each water filter assembly including a pressure vessel mounted to the central support and a filter cartridge removably fitted within the pressure vessel.

12. The portable water treatment system of claim 11 including a water flow path in which the water pump is disposed between the first water filter assembly and the second water filter assembly, whereby water entering the water pump has been filtered by the first water filter assembly.

13. The portable water treatment system of claim 12 wherein the water treatment filters are vertically stacked and mounted to the central support opposite the water pump.

14. The portable water treatment system of claim 13 further including a light source mounted to the central support adjacent the top plate, the light source being electrically coupled to the power inlet to receive power from an external power source.

15. The portable water treatment system of claim 14 further including a bypass valve to allow pressurized water to flow through the at water treatment devices without assistance from the water pump.

16. The portable water treatment system of claim 14 wherein the water pump includes an integrated pressure switch, the pressure switch permitting activation of the water pump only in the absence of water pressure.

17. The portable water treatment system of claim 11 wherein each pressure vessel is mounted to the central portion by a mounting bracket, each mounting bracket including at least one mounting tab extending through the central portion and affixed thereto by a fastener.

18. The portable water treatment system of claim 11 wherein the central portion has a top end with at least one top mounting flange and a bottom end with at least one bottom mounting flange, wherein the central portion is affixed to the top plate by a fastener extending between the top mounting flange and the top plate and is affixed to the bottom plate by a fastener extending between the bottom plate and the bottom plate.

19. The portable water treatment system of claim 11 wherein the external supports are arranged in a radially symmetric pattern about the periphery of the exoskeleton with the gap between adjacent external supports being greater than a width of the filter cartridges, whereby the filter cartridges can be removed and replaced through the gap without removal of any of the external supports from the exoskeleton.

20. The portable water treatment system of claim 11 wherein each of the top plate and the bottom plate is generally pentagonal in peripheral shape with five corners and a mounting flange disposed in each of the corners; and wherein each external support is connected between one of the top plate mounting flanges and one of the bottom plate mounting flanges.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG. 1 is a first perspective view of a portable water treatment system in accordance with and embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 2 is a second perspective view of the portable water treatment system.

[0025] FIG. 3 is a third perspective view of the portable water treatment system.

[0026] FIG. 4 is a first exploded perspective view of the portable water treatment system.

[0027] FIG. 5 is a second exploded perspective view of the portable water treatment system.

[0028] FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the exoskeleton.

[0029] FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the central support and the principle components of the water treatment system.

[0030] FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the control panel.

[0031] FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the water flow path through the portable water treatment system of the illustrated embodiment.

[0032] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the portable water treatment system with portions removed to show the water pump and UV treatment module.

[0033] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the portable water treatment system with portions removed to show the water filter assemblies.

[0034] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the exoskeleton.

[0035] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an alternative water treatment system incorporating a light assembly with portions removed to show the light assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT EMBODIMENTS

[0036] A. Overview

[0037] A ruggedized portable water treatment system 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1-3. In this embodiment, the water treatment system 10 generally includes an exoskeleton 12, a water pump 14 and at least one water treatment device 16. The exoskeleton 12 generally includes a top plate 20, a bottom plate 22, a central support 24 and a plurality of external supports 26 (See FIGS. 6 and 12). The central support 24 extends between the top plate 20 and the bottom plate 22 to form an upright upon which the principle operative components are mounted, such as the water pump 14 and the at least one water treatment device 16. The plurality of external supports 26 extend between the top plate 20 and the bottom plate 22 to form a protective cage around the water treatment system 10. The water pump 14 of the illustrated embodiment is configured to receive power from a conventional 12V DC power source, and includes an integrated pressure sensor that engages the water pump 14 only when the water treatment system 10 is connected to a non-pressurized water source. The water treatment system 10 includes a control panel 32 that is mounted between an adjacent pair of external supports 26. The control panel 32 includes a water inlet 34, a water outlet 36 and a power inlet 38. Flexible supply lines extend between the water inlet 34 and the water outlet 36 on the control panel 32 to the internally disposed water treatment components.

[0038] Directional terms, such as “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “upper,” “lower,” “inner,” “inwardly,” “outer” and “outwardly,” are used to assist in describing the invention based on the orientation of the embodiments shown in the illustrations. The use of directional terms should not be interpreted to limit the invention to any specific orientation(s).

[0039] B. Ruggedized Portable Water Treatment System

[0040] As noted above, the ruggedized portable water treatment system 10 of FIGS. 1-3 generally includes an exoskeleton 12, a water pump 14 and at least one water treatment device 16. In general terms, the exoskeleton 12 provides a structural framework for the water treatment system 10, the water pump 14 provides a mechanism for moving water through the water treatment system 10 and the at least one water treatment device 16 removes impurities from the water moved through the system 10. Although the number and type of water treatment devices 16 incorporated into the system 10 may vary from application to application, the portable water treatment system 10 of FIG. 1 includes a pair of water filter assemblies 80 and 82 and a UV water treatment module 200. FIGS. 4 and 5 are exploded perspective views of the water treatment system 10 from roughly opposite sides. FIGS. 10 and 11 show the water treatment system 10 with portions removed to provide clear views of the water pump 14, the UV treatment modules 200 and the water filter assemblies 80 and 82.

[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, the exoskeleton 12 provides an internal structure for mounting and supporting the principle components of the water treatment system 10, as well as defining a protective cage that enshrouds and protects the internally supported principle components. In the illustrated embodiment, the exoskeleton 12 is assembled from a plurality of discrete components, each of which is generally planar. This allows for compact storage and shipping of the exoskeleton 12. As perhaps best shown in FIG. 6, the exoskeleton 12 includes a top plate 20, a bottom plate 22, a central support 24 disposed toward the center of the exoskeleton 12 and a plurality of external supports 26 arranged around the periphery of the exoskeleton 12.

[0042] The top and bottom plates 20 and 22 form the top and bottom structural components of the exoskeleton 12. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the central support 24 and the external supports 26 are affixed to and extend between the top plate 20 and the bottom plate 22 to complete the exoskeletonl2. In the illustrated embodiment, the top and bottom plates 20 and 22 are generally identical (although the top plate 20 includes some primarily aesthetic cutouts that are not present in the bottom plate 22) and are spaced apart from one another in a mirror image orientation. In this embodiment, the top plate 20 and the bottom plate 223 are generally pentagonal in peripheral shape are configured with a central mounting point for the central support 24 and five peripheral mounting points for to the external supports 26. Although the central mounting point may vary from application to application, in the illustrated embodiment, the top and bottom plates 20 and 22 each define a pair of mounting holes 50 that allow the central support 24 to be connected to the top and bottom plates 22 by fasteners as described in more detail below. In this embodiment, the top and bottom plates 20 and 22 each include five radially symmetric mounting points disposed at the five “corners” of the pentagonal periphery. In this embodiment, each mounting point includes a generally planar flange 60 that extends inwardly from the main body of each plate 20 and 22. Each flange 60 defines a pair of mounting holes 62 that allow attachment of the external supports 26 by fasteners as described in more detail below.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the central support 24 is an elongated, generally rectangular member configured to extend between the top and bottom plate 20 and 22, respectively. The central support 24 is configured to receive and support the principle operating components of the water treatment system 10, and includes a plurality of mounting points for the water pump 14 and the water treatment devices 16 (including the water filter assemblies 80 and 82 and the UV treatment module 200). FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view isolating the central portion 24 and the principle components of the water treatment system 10. As perhaps best shown in FIG. 6, a pair of mounting flanges 52 extend from each end of the central support 24. A mounting hole 54 is defined in each flange 52. In the illustrated embodiment, each mounting hole 54 is fitted with a threaded insert 58 to facilitate assembly and provide a strong and durable threaded connection. During assembly, a mounting screw is fitted inwardly through each of the mounting holes 50 in the top plate 20 and bottom plate 22 and threaded into a corresponding one of threaded insert 58 in the central support 24.

[0044] As described above, the external supports 26 extend between the top and bottom plates 20 and 22, and are disposed in a radially symmetric arrangement around the periphery of the exoskeleton 12. Like the central support 24, the external supports 26 are elongate, generally rectangular members. A pair of mounting holes 64 is defined in each end of the external supports 26. During assembly, a mounting screw is fitted inwardly through each of the mounting holes 64 in the external support 26 and the corresponding mounting holes 62 in the underlying flange 52. The mounting holes 62 in the flange 52 may be threaded to receive the fasteners or the mounting screws may extend entirely through the external support and the underlying flange and be fitted with a nut. In alternative embodiments, a threaded insert (not shown) may be fitted over each mounting hole 62. It should be noted that the mounting structure for joining the top plate, bottom plate, central support and external supports may vary from application to application. Further, in some applications one or more of the external supports may be integrally formed with the top plate and/or the bottom plate. For example, the mounting flanges on the top plate 20 and bottom plate 22 may be extended to form the external supports 26. In one implementation, the flanges on the top plate and the bottom plate may each be extended to approximately ½ the desired height of the exoskeleton 12 and the flanges of the top plate can be joined with corresponding flange of the bottom plate to form the external cage.

[0045] The water treatment system 10 of the illustrated embodiment includes a control panel 32 that is mounted to the exoskeleton 12 (See FIGS. 1 and 8). In the illustrated embodiment, the control panel 32 includes a pair of mounting wings 72 that provide a mounting structure for securing the control panel 32 to the exoskeleton 12. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the control panel 32 is mounted between a pair of adjacent external supports 26, for example, by bolts, screws, rivets or other fasteners that join the mounting wings 72 to the external supports 26. The mounting wings 72 extend forwardly such that the control panel 32 is recessed inwardly from external supports 26. This helps to protect the various components mounted on the control panel 32. The control panel 32 is mounted to the inside of the external supports 26 and includes a recessed central portion 33 that is protected to some degree by the external supports 26. The control panel 32 of the illustrated embodiment includes a water inlet 34, a water outlet 36, a power inlet 38 and an on/off switch 39. The water inlet 34 may be a conventional water fitting that allows a source of untreated water to be connected to the water treatment system 10. Similarly, the water outlet 36 may be a conventional water fitting that allows an external water line to be connected to the water treatment system 10 receive the treated water discharge.

[0046] In the illustrated embodiment, the water treatment system 10 includes a water pump 14 capable of moving water through the at least one water treatment device 16 at the desired flow rate. For example, the water pump 14 of the illustrated embodiment provides a nominal flow rate of about three gallons per minute. However, the effective flow rate of the water pump 14 may be more in the range of 1½ to 2 gallons per minute when restricted by the various components in the water flow path. The water pump 14 is mounted to the central support 24, for example, by fasteners. In one embodiment, the water pump 14 is attached to the central support 24 by screws. In an alternative embodiment, the water pump 14 is attached to the central support by rivets. In the illustrated embodiment, the water pump 14 is a 12VDC electrically powered pump. The water pump 14 is electrically coupled to the power inlet 38 on the control panel 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the water pump 14 includes a bypass valve with integrated pressure switch. For example, the water pump 14 may be a PDS-4008-101-A65 model pump available from Shurflo. When the water pump 14 is connected to a source of water with sufficient pressure, the pressure sensor is tripped, which prohibits activation of the pump 14 and routes incoming water through the bypass valve directly to the water treatment component. In alternative embodiments, other types and styles of water pumps may be provided.

[0047] As noted above, the water treatment system 10 includes at least one water treatment device 16 configured to treat the water passing through the system 10. Although the number and type of water treatment devices 16 incorporated into the system 10 may vary from application to application, the water treatment system 10 of the illustrated embodiment includes two water filter assemblies 80 and 82. In the illustrated embodiment, the water filter assemblies 80 and 82 are mounted to and supported by the central support 24 in a vertically stacked arrangement. Each water filter assembly 80 and 82 generally includes a pressure vessel 86 that is affixed to the exoskeleton 12 and a replaceable filter cartridge that is removably mounted within the pressure vessel 86 (See FIG. 7). In this embodiment, the top water filter assembly 80 is coupled to the central support 24 by a top mounting plate 84 and the bottom water filter assembly 82 is mounted to the central support 24 by a bottom mounting plate 85. The mounting plates 84 and 85 of this embodiment each include a pair of mounting tabs 66 that pass through slots in the central support 24 and are fastened thereto, for example, by screws or other fasteners (not shown). The mounting plates 84 may be mounted to the central support 24 using other mounting structures, including other removable attachments, such as snap-fit attachments, or permanent forms of attachment, such as welding. In alternative embodiments, the mounting plates 84 may be integrally formed with the central support 24. For example, in alternative embodiments, the mounting plates 84 may be cut from and folded out of the main body of the central support 24.

[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, two pressure vessels 86 of equal size are positioned one atop the other in a vertically spaced relationship to house two filter cartridges. Each pressure vessel 86 is affixed to a corresponding mounting plate 84 and 85, for example, by four screws or other threaded fasteners that extend through the mounting plate 84 or 85 into screw bosses in the pressure vessel 86. Each pressure vessel 86 includes an upper manifold portion 68 that remains affixed to the corresponding mounting plate 84 and 85, and a bottom cover portion 70 that is removably joined to the upper manifold portion. The upper manifold portion and the bottom cover portion cooperatively define an internal space configured to house a filter cartridge. In this embodiment, the upper manifold portion and the bottom cover portion may are joined by a threaded arrangement (or other similar arrangement) that allows the bottom cover portion 70 to be easily removed from the upper manifold portion 68 to gain access to the filter cartridge disposed therein. In the illustrated embodiment, each upper manifold portion 68 includes a water inlet 90 and a water outlet 92. A variety of conventional pressure vessels suitable for use in the illustrated embodiment are commercially available. In one embodiment, each pressure vessel may be a 5″ canister, such as model number HF-SQHWH12 available from Hydronix. In alternative embodiments, the water treatment system 10 may incorporate different types of filter assemblies. For example, in one alternative embodiment, each filter assembly may include a manifold and a replaceable filter cartridge with integrated pressure vessel.

[0049] The filter cartridges contained in the top and bottom filter assemblies 80 and 82, respectively, may vary from application to application. For example, the type of each filter cartridge may be selected, in part, on the design and configuration of the water flow path, the impurities in the water to be treated and the presence/absence of other water treatment devices in the water treatment system 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom water filter assembly 82 is configured to treat water before it reaches the water pump 14 and the top water filter assembly 80 is configured to provide supplemental treatment of the water after it passes through the water pump 14. In this context, the two water filter assemblies 80 and 82 include different types of filter cartridges. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter cartridge in the bottom filter assembly 82 may be a conventional 5 micron carbon water filter cartridge. A variety of suitable 5 micron carbon water filters are commercially available. The filter cartridge 88 in the top filter assembly 80 may be a conventional pleated water filter cartridge, such as a 0.2 micron pleated electropositive filter, that may include an antimicrobial additive and/or powered activated carbon or a carbon block stage. For example, the filter cartridge 88 in the top filter assembly 80 may be a NanoCeram or NanoCeram PAC Filter available from Argonide Corporation. As noted above, the filter cartridges may, in alternative applications, be of a different type or style. For example, one or both of the filter cartridges may incorporate an alternative or different type of filter media, such as an activated carbon, catalytic carbon, kinetic degradation fluxion, reverse osmosis membrane, activated aluminum, manganese dioxide and/or mixed media. Although the water filter assemblies of the illustrated embodiment are arranged along the water flow path in series, it should be noted that the water filter assemblies 80 and 82 may alternatively be arranged in parallel. For example, the water filter assemblies 80 and 82 may be arranged in parallel to allow the water to be divided into two streams with each stream being treated by a different filter assembly 80 and 82.

[0050] In alternative applications, the two filter assemblies 80 and 82 may be replaced by a single larger filter assembly (not shown) that occupies roughly the same space as the filter assemblies 80 and 82. For example, in one alternative embodiment, the two pressure vessels and their separate filter cartridges may be replaced by a single larger pressure vessel and single larger filter cartridge that is approximately twice their height.

[0051] In the illustrated embodiment, the water treatment system 10 includes an ultraviolet (“UV”) water treatment module 200 that supplements the water filter assemblies 80 and 82. The UV water treatment module 200 of this embodiment is mounted to the central support 24, for example, by a pair of mounting brackets 204 that are secured to the central support 24 by screws, bolts, rivets or other fasteners. The illustrated UV treatment module 200 includes a separate ballast 202 that is secured to the central support 24 by screws, bolts, rivets or other fasteners. In alternative embodiments, the ballast may be integrated into the UV treatment module 200. In this embodiment, the UV water treatment module 200 and the ballast 202 are mounted to the central support 24 above the water pump 14. In this embodiment, the ballast 202 receives power from the power inlet on the control panel 32. More specifically, the ballast 202 is electrically connected to the power inlet 38 to receive 12VDC from an external source of power. The ballast 202 is, in turn, electrically connected to the UV treatment module 200 to supply power to the enclosed source of UV light. The UV water treatment module 200 may be positioned in essentially any location along the water flow path. For example, when the water treatment system 10 also includes one or more water filter assemblies 80 and 82, the UV module 2000 may be positioned downstream from the filter assemblies 80 and 82 to sterilize the water after it has been filtered. In some applications, the UV water treatment module 200 may alternatively be disposed upstream or between two water filter assemblies 80 and 82.

[0052] Although the water flow path may vary from application to application, the path by which water flows through the illustrated embodiment is shown in schematic representation in FIG. 9. In this embodiment, water enters the system through the water inlet 34 on the control panel 32 and then flows sequentially through the bottom filter assembly 82, the water pump 14, the top filter assembly 80, the UV treatment module 200 and then returns to water outlet 36 on the control panel 34. As shown schematically in FIG. 9, a first water supply line 120 is connected from the water inlet 34 on the control panel 32 to the water inlet 90 of the bottom water filter assembly 82, a second water supply line 122 is connected from the water outlet 92 of the first water filter assembly 82 to the inlet of the water pump 14, a third water supply line 124 is connected between the outlet of the water pump 14 and the water inlet 90 of the top water filter assembly 80, a fourth water supply line 126 is connected between the water outlet 92 of the top water filter assembly 80 and the water inlet of the UV treatment module 200 and a fifth water supply line 128 is connected between the water outlet of the UV treatment module 200 and the water outlet 36 on the control panel 32. The water supply lines may be flexible supply lines and they may be connected by hose clamps that allow the supply lines to be easily attached and removed for assembly, disassembly and maintenance. In alternative embodiments that do not include a UV treatment module 200, the fourth water supply line 126 may extend between the water outlet 92 of the top filter assembly 80 and the water outlet 36 on the control panel 32.

[0053] As discussed above, the water treatment system 10 includes at least one water treatment devices 16. The number and type of water treatment devices may vary from application to application with the desired water treatment devices typically mounted to the central support 24 and operatively joined together by water supply lines that move the water through the various water treatment devices in the desired order. As discussed above, the water treatment system 10 of the illustrated embodiment includes two water filter assemblies 80 and 82 and ultraviolet (“UV”) water treatment module 200. In alternative embodiments, the UV water treatment module 200 may be eliminated and water may be treated only by the two water filter assemblies 80 and 82. In other embodiments, the UV water treatment module may be replaced by an alternative water treatment device. For example, in alternative embodiments, the water treatment system 10 may include an ozone water treatment module (not shown) that may supplement or replace one or both of the water filter assemblies and/or the UV treatment module. The ozone water treatment module may be mounted to the central support 24 and may be positioned in essentially any location along the water flow path. For example, the ozone module may be positioned upstream from, downstream from or between the filter cartridges. In one embodiment, the ozone treatment module is mounted to the central support above the water pump in place of the UV treatment module 200.

[0054] In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the portable water treatment system 10 also includes an integrated visible light assembly 300. FIG. 13 shows the portable water treatment system 10 with the top plate 20 and the top mounting bracket 84 removed to show the light assembly 300. In the illustrated embodiment, the light assembly 300 of the illustrated embodiment generally includes a housing and an array of visible-light LEDs. The light assembly 300 of the illustrated embodiment is mounted to the central support 24. As shown, the light assembly 300 of FIG. 13 is seated in a notch formed in the top end of the central support 24 with portions of the light assembly 300 situated on both sides of the central support 24. This allows the light assembly 300 to shed light on both sides of the central support 24. In alternative embodiments, the light assembly may be situated on only one side of the central support 24. The light assembly 300 may be configured to illuminate whenever power is connected to the unit. Alternatively, the light assembly 300 may be configured to operate only when turned on by the user (e.g. operation of a dedicated switch), or in response to operating conditions (e.g. turn on when the system is treating water). The light assembly 300 may be configured to receive 12VDC and may be electrically connected to the power input 39 on the control panel 32. The light source may be one or more single color or multicolor LEDs. When a multicolor light source is used, the illumination color may be varied to reflect operating status, operating conditions, maintenance status or convey other messages to the user. For example, a white light may be used for general illumination, a green light to indicate that water is being filtered, a blue light may be used when an optional UV treatment module is operating and a red light may be used when a filter requires replacement.

[0055] In addition, when a component, part or layer is referred to as being “joined with,” “on,” “engaged with,” “adhered to,” “secured to,” or “coupled to” another component, part or layer, it may be directly joined with, on, engaged with, adhered to, secured to, or coupled to the other component, part or layer, or any number of intervening components, parts or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly joined with,” “directly on,” “directly engaged with,” “directly adhered to,” “directly secured to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between components, layers and parts should be interpreted in a like manner, such as “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent” and similar words. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0056] The above description is that of current embodiments of the invention. Various alterations and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and broader aspects of the invention as defined in the appended claims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents. This disclosure is presented for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted as an exhaustive description of all embodiments of the invention or to limit the scope of the claims to the specific elements illustrated or described in connection with these embodiments. For example, and without limitation, any individual element(s) of the described invention may be replaced by alternative elements that provide substantially similar functionality or otherwise provide adequate operation. This includes, for example, presently known alternative elements, such as those that might be currently known to one skilled in the art, and alternative elements that may be developed in the future, such as those that one skilled in the art might, upon development, recognize as an alternative. Further, the disclosed embodiments include a plurality of features that are described in concert and that might cooperatively provide a collection of benefits. The present invention is not limited to only those embodiments that include all of these features or that provide all of the stated benefits, except to the extent otherwise expressly set forth in the issued claims. Any reference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using the articles “a,” “an,” “the” or “said,” is not to be construed as limiting the element to the singular. Any reference to claim elements as “at least one of X, Y and Z” is meant to include any one of X, Y or Z individually, any combination of X, Y and Z, for example, X, Y, Z; X, Y; X, Z ; Y, Z, and/or any other possible combination together or alone of those elements, noting that the same is open ended and can include other elements.