BIOREACTORS AND METHODS OF USE

Abstract

The inventions described herein concern improved bioreactors and methods of aerating fluids.

Claims

1. A bioreactor comprising: a bioreactor mixing tank having a tank inlet fitted with a tank inlet valve and a tank drain valve; a first fluid pump configured to transfer fluid from bioreactor mixing tank to a centrifugal extractor, wherein the centrifugal extractor is coupled to a centrifuge motor and a centrifuge valve; a second fluid pump configured to transfer a supernatant fluid from the centrifugal extractor to a venturi; wherein the venturi is coupled to: (i) a venturi valve that controls the supernatant fluid's flow into the venturi, and (ii) an air pipe configured to deliver air to the venturi to aerate the supernatant fluid as it flows through the venturi to create aerated fluid; and a fluid pipe for delivering aerated fluid into the bioreactor mixing tank.

2. The bioreactor of claim 1, further comprising one or more agitators disposed within the bioreactor mixing tank.

3. The bioreactor of claim 1, further comprising an electronic control system and sensors configured to operate the first fluid pump, the second fluid pump, and the centrifuge motor.

4. The bioreactor of claim 3, wherein the electronic control system and sensors are configured to open and close the tank inlet valve, the tank drain valve, the centrifuge valve, and the venturi valve.

5. A method for aerating fluid in a bioreactor mixing tank comprising the steps of: filling a bioreactor mixing tank with a fluid by opening a tank inlet valve coupled to a tank inlet; transferring the fluid from the bioreactor mixing tank to a centrifugal extractor coupled to a centrifuge motor and a centrifuge valve, via a fluid pump; engaging the centrifuge motor to rotate the fluid in the centrifugal extractor to separate solids carried in the fluid and accumulate the solids at the centrifugal extractor's periphery; opening the centrifuge valve coupled to the centrifugal extractor to deposit the solids into the bioreactor mixing tank; activating the fluid pump to removing remaining fluid from the centrifugal extractor and deliver remaining fluid to a venturi coupled to an air pipe having an air pipe valve, wherein the venturi has a gradually tapering inflow section that restricts flow of the remaining fluid flowing through the venturi to accelerate the remaining fluid's flow velocity, and a gradually tapering outflow section that decelerates the remaining fluid's flow velocity; drawing air through the air pipe via the air pipe valve, and mixing the air with the remaining fluid flowing through venturi to create aerated fluid; and delivering the aerated fluid to the bioreactor mixing tank via an aerated fluid pipe.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of: opening a tank drain valve; and draining the bioreactor mixing tank.

7. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of: activating a motor coupled to an agitator via a shaft, wherein the agitator is disposed within the bioreactor mixing tank; and rotating the agitator disposed within the bioreactor mixing tank.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of: rotating the agitator at a low speed sufficient to maintain the solids in the fluid in the bioreactor mixing tank in suspension.

9. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of: operating the air pipe valve, the centrifuge valve, the tank inlet valve, and the tank drain valve using electronic controllers.

10. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of: Operating the air pipe valve, the centrifuge valve, the tank inlet valve, and the tank drain valve manually.

11. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of: creating a fluid circulation pattern in the bioreactor mixing tank that serves to keep the solids in the bioreactor mixing tank in suspension.

12. A method for continuously-aerating fluid in a bioreactor mixing tank comprising the steps of: adding fluid to a bioreactor mixing tank by opening a tank inlet valve coupled to a tank inlet to create an inlet stream; transferring the fluid from the bioreactor mixing tank to a centrifugal extractor coupled to a centrifuge motor and a centrifuge valve, via a fluid pump; engaging the centrifuge motor to rotate the fluid in the centrifugal extractor to separate solids carried in the fluid and accumulate the solids at the centrifugal extractor's periphery; opening the centrifuge valve coupled to the centrifugal extractor to deposit the solids into the bioreactor mixing tank; activating the fluid pump to removing remaining fluid from the centrifugal extractor and deliver remaining fluid to a venturi coupled to an air pipe having an air pipe valve, wherein the venturi has a gradually tapering inflow section that restricts flow of the remaining fluid flowing through the venturi to accelerate the remaining fluid flow's velocity, and a gradually tapering outflow section that decelerates the remaining fluid flow's velocity; drawing air through the air pipe via the air pipe valve, and mixing the air with the remaining fluid flowing through venturi to create an aerated fluid; delivering the aerated fluid to the bioreactor mixing tank via an aerated fluid pipe; and partially draining the bioreactor mixing tank by opening a tank drain valve to create an outlet stream, wherein both the inlet stream and outlet stream flow simultaneously at substantially the same rate.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of: Operating the air pipe valve, the centrifuge valve, the tank inlet valve, and the tank drain valve using electronic controllers.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of: operating the air pipe valve, the centrifuge valve, the tank inlet valve, and the tank drain valve manually.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. 1 is a diagram view of a conventional bioreactor according to the prior art.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a diagram view of a first embodiment of a bioreactor according to embodiments of the inventions described herein.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a diagram view of a second embodiment of a bioreactor according to embodiments of the inventions described herein.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for using bioreactors according to embodiments of the inventions described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates a bioreactor 100 according to the prior art. Bioreactor mixing tank 101 is a vessel. An operator fills bioreactor mixing tank 101 by way of tank inlet 102, which is fitted with tank inlet valve 103. Tank inlet valve 103 may be selectively opened and closed by the operator. Similarly, the operator may drain bioreactor mixing tank 101 by selectively opening or closing tank drain valve 104. Blower 105 draws air in from a purified source into an air pipe 106 for the purpose of aerating bioreactor mixing tank 101's contents. The flow of this air is controlled by air manifold valve 107. Air from the blower flows through air pipe 106 and into a sparger 108 disposed within bioreactor mixing tank 101. Sparger 108 is most commonly a tube with holes drilled through it at intervals that allow air to escape, typically in the form of air bubbles as illustrated by bubble plume 109. Paddle agitators 110, also disposed within bioreactor mixing tank 101, are attached to suitable cross bars 111 and shaft 114 that connect them to a motor 112, that turn the paddle agitators 110 to stir the contents of bioreactor mixing tank 101 to increase the transfer of oxygen into bioreactor mixing tank 101's contents by agitating the rising air bubbles. The flow of air out of bioreactor mixing tank 101 is selectively controlled by air valve 113.

[0023] Bioreactor 200 as described herein solves the limitations of the prior art as described above. In one embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, bioreactor mixing tank 201 is a vessel. A method for aerating a fluid 400 using bioreactor mixing tank 201 is detailed in the method steps set forth in FIG. 4. In step 402, an operator fills bioreactor mixing tank 201 by way of tank inlet 202, which is fitted with tank inlet valve 203. Tank inlet valve 203 may be selectively opened and closed by the operator to permit fluid to fill the tank. Similarly, the operator may drain bioreactor mixing tank 201 by selectively opening or closing tank drain valve 204. In one embodiment, bioreactor 200 may be operated using a continuous flow process, where the fluid entering bioreactor mixing tank 201 by way of tank inlet 202 creates an inlet stream, and opening tank drain valve 204 creates an outlet stream. When the inlet stream and outlet streams flow simultaneously at substantially the same rate, bioreactor 200 reaches a steady state of continuous flow. Depending on the application, this continuous flow may have several advantages, including no downtime between batches, no cleaning tasks, and no batch-to-batch variability.

[0024] In one embodiment, shown in step 404, pump 205 pulls a stream of fluid from bioreactor mixing tank 201 and delivers this fluid to a centrifugal extractor 206. In step 406, a centrifuge motor 207 is engaged that causes the contents of the centrifugal extractor 206 to rotate. Centrifugal force causes the solids carried in the fluid to accumulate at the periphery of the centrifugal extractor 206. This process is an enhanced form of sedimentation. It is inherently low shear and kills the live cells at a much lower rate than traditional bioreactor aeration methods. In step 408, the solids are selectively deposited back into bioreactor mixing tank 201 by controlling the opening and closing of centrifuge valve 208.

[0025] In step 410, the remaining fluid (without solids) in centrifugal extractor 206 may be removed from the centrifugal extractor 206 by fluid pump 209 and in step 412, delivered to venturi valve 210, which controls the flow of this fluid into a venturi 211 disposed in the bioreactor mixing tank 201. Venturi 211 is connected to an air pipe. Venturi 211 creates a vacuum that draws purified air through the air pipe, mixing the air with the fluid traveling through venturi 211, and aerating the fluid in step 414. Air pipe valve 212 controls the flow of purified air into venturi 211. The venturi 211 creates a low pressure zone that draws in purified air and mixes this air with the fluid flowing through the venturi 211. The high shear forces in the venturi 211 break the air in to small bubbles, which are highly efficient in aerating the fluid. The venturi 211 can be similar to the one described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,604,429, or it can be any type of venturi 211 that has a gradually tapering inflow section that restricts the flow area of the fluid flowing through the venturi 211. This restriction accelerates the fluids flow velocity. The fluids flow velocity is then decelerated by a gradually tapering outflow section that increases the fluid flow area.

[0026] In step 416, aerated fluid then delivered back into bioreactor mixing tank 201 via aerated fluid pipe 213. Agitators 214, when optionally coupled to a shaft 215 and disposed within bioreactor mixing tank 201, are not needed to assist oxygenation of the contents of tank. Rather, if included, they may be selectively moved by motor 216 at a speed sufficient to keep the solids in bioreactor mixing tank 201 in suspension, but low enough to not damage the cells. The flow of air out of bioreactor mixing tank 201 is controlled by air valve 217. In this embodiment, the aeration system is designed so that the fluid flow and the air flow can be controlled separately and independently. These controls can be operated manually. Alternatively, suitable sensors and electronic controllers can be used to operate the air and fluid control valves, including through automatic programming.

[0027] In yet another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, bioreactor 300 comprises a bioreactor mixing tank 301. Following the method steps detailed in FIG. 4, an operator fills bioreactor mixing tank 301 by way of tank inlet 302, which is fitted with tank inlet valve 303. Tank inlet valve 303 may be selectively opened and closed by the operator. Similarly, the operator may drain bioreactor mixing tank 301 by selectively opening or closing tank drain valve 304. Pump 305 pulls a stream of fluid from bioreactor mixing tank 301 and sends this fluid to a centrifugal extractor 306. Centrifuge motor 307 causes the contents of the centrifugal extractor 306 to rotate. Centrifugal force causes the solids carried in the fluid to accumulate at the periphery of the centrifugal extractor 306. This process is an enhanced form of sedimentation. The solids are selectively deposited back into bioreactor mixing tank 301 as controlled by centrifuge valve 308.

[0028] The remaining fluid (without solids) may be removed from the centrifugal extractor 306 by fluid pump 309. Venturi valve 310 controls the flow of this fluid into a venturi 311, which is connected to an air pipe. Venturi 311 creates a vacuum that draws purified air through the air pipe, mixing the air with the fluid traveling through venturi 311, and aerating the fluid. Air pipe valve 312 controls the flow of purified air into venturi 311. The flow of air out of bioreactor mixing tank 301 is controlled by air valve 314. In this embodiment, though, aerated fluid then flows back into bioreactor mixing tank 301 via aerated fluid pipe 313, which has a different entrance point on bioreactor mixing tank 301 than the one illustrated in FIG. 2. The effect of this change is to create a fluid circulation pattern in bioreactor mixing tank 301 (through rolling or otherwise) that serves to keep the solids in the tank in suspension. The entrance point of the aerated fluid shown in FIG. 3 is for illustrative purposes only and may be suitably selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to achieve this objective. This embodiment eliminates the need for agitators to be disposed within bioreactor mixing tank 301 to keep the solids in bioreactor mixing tank 301 in suspension.

[0029] While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0030] Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.