HIGH SPREADING ULV FORMULATIONS FOR HERBICIDES

Abstract

The present invention relates to agrochemical compositions: their use for foliar application; their use at low spray volumes; their use by unmanned aerial systems (UAS), unmanned guided vehicles (UGV), and tractor mounted boom sprayers fitted with conventional nozzles but also pulse width modulation spray nozzles or rotating disc droplet applicators; and their application for controlling agricultural pests, weeds or diseases, in particular on waxy leaves.

Claims

1. An agrochemical formulation comprising a) one or more active ingredients selected from the group of agrochemically applied herbicides, b) one or more organosilicone based surfactants, c) one or more other formulants, and d) carrier to volume, wherein b) is present in an amount from 0.5 to 15% by weight.

2. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein b) is a polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.

3. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein a) is present in an amount from 0.5 to 25% by weight, preferably from 5.5 to 20% by weight, and most preferably from 1 to 20% by weight.

4. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of acetochor, bromoxynil-ocatanoate, bromoxynil-heptanoate, bromoxynil-ocatanoate-heptanoate, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, glyphosate, glyphosate salts, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iodosulfuron, indaziflam, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl-sodium, tembotrione, thiencarbazone-methyl and triafamone.

5. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein b) is present in an amount from 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.75 to 12% by weight, and more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight.

6. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein c) is present in an amount from 0.5 to 65% by weight, preferably from 1 to 49.5% by weight, and more preferably from 2 to 37.5% by weight.

7. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein component c) comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant and/or ionic surfactant.

8. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein component c) comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant (c1) and/or ionic surfactant, one rheological modifier (c2), one antifoam substance (c3), and one further formulant (c4).

9. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 8, wherein c1 to c4 are present in an amount from: c1) 2 to 37.5% by weight, c2) 0.1 to 20% by weight, c3) 0.05 to 5% by weight, and c4) 0.1 to 20% by weight.

10. The agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the formulation is applied at a spray volume of between 1 and 20 l/ha, preferably between 2 and 15 l/ha, and more preferably between 5 and 15 l/ha.

11. A method of applying the agrochemical formulation according to claim 1 onto crops, wherein the formulation is applied at a spray volume of between 1 and 20 l/ha, preferably between 2 and 15 l/ha, and more preferably between 5 and 15 l/ha.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the applied amount of a) to the crop is between 2 and 250 g/ha, preferably between 5 and 225 g/ha, and more preferably between 10 and 200 g/ha.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the organosilicone-surfactant of b) is preferably applied from 10 g/ha to 100 g/ha, more preferably from 20 g/ha to 80 g/ha, and most preferably from 40 g/ha to 60 g/ha.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the formulation is applied on plants, weeds or crops with textured leaf surfaces.

15. A method of controlling weeds, comprising applying the agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the formulation is applied by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an unmanned guided vehicle (UGV), or a pulse-width-module (PWM).

16. A method of controlling weeds, comprising contacting the weeds, soil, areas, and environments in which the weeds grow or could grow, but also comprising contacting materials, plants, seeds, soil, surfaces or spaces which are to be protected from infestation by weeds, with an effective amount of the agrochemical formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the formulation is applied by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an unmanned guided vehicle (UGV), or a pulse-width-module (PWM).

Description

FIGURES

[0301] FIG. 1 shows scanning electron micrographs of leaf surface textures, wherein the upper picture shows a grapevine leaf surface (untextured) and the lower picture shows a soybean leaf surface (textured)

[0302] Since soy and corn change leaf properties over their lifetime, according to the present invention the treatment in regard to leaf properties can be adapted, i.e. the formulations according to the invention can be applied in a growth stadium where the leafs are hard to wet.

[0303] Method 1: SC Preparation

[0304] The method of the preparation of suspension concentrate formulations are known in the art and can be produced by known methods familiar to those skilled in the art. A 2% gel of the xanthan (c) in water and the biocides (c) was prepared with low shear stirring. The active ingredient and safener (a), non-ionic and anionic dispersants (c), antifoam (c) and other formulants (c) were mixed with water (d) to form a slurry, first mixed with a high shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax®) to reduce the particle size D(v,0.9) to approximately 50 microns, then passed through one or more bead mills (Eiger® 250 Mini Motormill) to achieve a particles size D(v,0.9) typically 1 to 15 microns. Then the superspreading surfactants (b) and xanthan gel prepared above were added and mixed in with low shear stirring until homogeneous. Finally, the pH is adjusted if needed with acid or base (c).

[0305] Method 2: WG Preparation

[0306] The methods of the preparation water dispersible granule formulations are known in the art and can be produced by known methods familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0307] For example, to produce a fluid bed granule first a water-based technical concentrate has to be prepared. With low shear stirring all ingredients (a, b, c and d) like e.g. the active ingredient, surfactants, dispersants, binder, antifoam, spreader, and filler are mixed in water and finally pre-milled in a high shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax®) to reduce the particle size D(v,0.9) to approximately 50 microns, afterwards passed through one or more bead mills (KDL, Bachofen, Dynomill, Bühler, Drais, Lehmann) to achieve a particles size D(v,0.9) typically 1 to 15 microns. This water-based technical concentrate is then spray-dried in a fluid-bed granulation process to form the wettable granules (WG).

[0308] The particle size is determined according to CIPAC (CIPAC=Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council; www.cipac.org) method MT 187. The particle size distribution is determined by means of laser diffraction. A representative amount of sample is dispersed in degassed water at ambient temperature (self-saturation of the sample), treated with ultrasound (usually 60 s) and then measured in a device from the Malvern Mastersizer series (Malvern Panalytical). The scattered light is measured at various angles using a multi-element detector and the associated numerical values are recorded. With the help of the Fraunhofer model, the proportion of certain size classes is calculated from the scatter data and from this a volume-weighted particle size distribution is calculated. Usually the d50 or d90 value=active ingredient particle size (50 or 90% of all volume particles) is given. The average particle size denotes the d50 value.

[0309] Likewise, any other spraying process, like e.g. classical spray drying can be used as granulation method.

[0310] A further technique to produce water dispersible granules is for example low pressure extrusion. The ingredients of the formulation are mixed in dry from and are subsequently milled, e.g. using air jet milling to reduce the particle size. Subsequently this dry powder is stirred while water is added to the mixture (approximately 10-30 wt %, dependent on the composition of the formulation). In a further step the mixture is pushed through an extruder (like a dome extruder, double dome extruder, basket extruder, sieve mill, or similar device) with a die size of usually between 0.8 and 1.2 mm to form the extrudates. In a last step the extrudates are post-dried, e.g. in a fluidized bed dryer to reduce the water content of the powder, commonly to a level of 1-3 wt % of residual water.

[0311] Method 3: EC Preparation

[0312] The method of the preparation of EC formulations are known in the art and can be produced by known methods familiar to those skilled in the art. In general, EC formulations are obtained by mixing the active ingredient and safener (a) with the rest of the formulation components, which include, amongst others, surfactants (c), superspreading surfactants (b), a solvent (d) in a vessel equipped with a stirring device. In some cases the dissolving or mixing was facilitated by raising the temperature slightly (not exceeding 60° C.). Stirring is continued until a homogeneous mixture has been obtained.

[0313] Method 4: OD Preparation

[0314] Formulation components (c), carrier (d) active ingredient (a), superspreading surfactants (b) are weighed in, homogenized with a high-shear device (e.g. Ultraturrax or colloidal mill) and subsequently milled in a bead mill (e.g. Dispermat SL50, 80% filling, 1.0-1.25 mm glass beads, 4000 rpm, circulation grinding) until a particle size of <10μ is achieved. Alternatively, formulation components are mixed in a bottle followed by addition of approx. 25 vol.-% of 1.0-1.25 mm glass beads. The bottle is then closed, clamped in an agitator apparatus (e.g. Retsch MM301) and treated at 30 Hz for several minutes until a particle size of <10μ is achieved.

[0315] Method 5: SL Preparation

[0316] The method of the preparation of EC formulations are known in the art and can be produced by known methods familiar to those skilled in the art. In general, EC formulations are obtained by mixing the active ingredient (a), surfactants and other formulants (c), spreader (b) in water (d) in a standard apparatus. In some cases the dissolving or mixing was facilitated by raising the temperature slightly (not exceeding 60° C.).

[0317] Method 6: Coverage

[0318] Greenhouse plants in the development stage as indicated in the Tables 1a & 1b were used for these experiments. Single leaves were cut just before the spraying experiment, placed into petri dishes and attached by tape at both tips at 0° (horizontally) or at 60° (so that 50% of leaf area can be sprayed). The leaves were carried with caution to avoid damage of the wax surface. These horizontally orientated leaves were either a) placed into a spay chamber where the spray liquid was applied via a hydraulic nozzle or b) a 4 μL drop of spray liquid was pipetted on top without touching the leaf surface.

[0319] A small amount of UV dye was added to the spray liquid to visualize the spray deposits under UV light. The concentration of the dye has been chosen such that it does not influence the surface properties of the spray liquid and does not contribute to spreading itself. Tinopal OB as a colloidal suspension was used for all flowable and solid formulation such as WG, SC, OD and SE. Tinopal CBS-X or Blankophor SOL were used for formulations where active ingredient is dissolved such as EC, EW and SL. The Tinopal CBS-X was dissolved in the aqueous phase and the Blankophor SOL dissolved in the oil phase.

[0320] After evaporation of the spray liquid, the leaves were placed into a Camag, Reprostar 3 UV chamber where pictures of spray deposits were taken under visual light and under UV light at 366 nm. A Canon EOS 700D digital camera was attached to the UV chamber and used to acquire images the leaves. Pictures taken under visual light were used to subtract the leaf shape from the background. ImageJ software was used to calculate either a) the percentage coverage of the applied spray for sprayed leaves or b) spread area for pipetted drops in mm.sup.2.

[0321] Method 7: Description for Herbicide Greenhouse Tests

[0322] Seeds of crops and monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants are laid out in sandy loam in plastic pots, covered with soil and cultivated in a greenhouse under optimum growth conditions. Two to three weeks after sowing, the test plants are treated at the one- to two-leaf stage. The test herbicide formulations are prepared with different concentrations and sprayed onto the surface of the green parts of the plants using different water application rates: 200 I/ha as a standard conventional rate and 10 l/ha as an ultra-low-volume (ULV) application rate. The nozzle type used for all applications is TeeJet DG 95015 EVS. The ULV application rate is achieved by using a pulse-width-modulation (PWM)—system that gets attached to the nozzle and the track sprayer device. After application, the test plants were left to stand in the greenhouse for 3 to 4 weeks under optimum growth conditions. Then, the activity of the herbicide formulation is scored visually (for example: 100% activity=the whole plant material is dead, 0% activity=plants are similar to the non-treated control plants).

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE HB1 shows the plant species used in the tests. Plant species Abbreviation/EPPO Code Crop Variety Setaria viridis SETVI Echinochloa crus-galli ECHCG Alopecurus myosuroides ALOMY Hordeum murinum HORMU Avena fatua AVEFA Lolium rigidum LOLRI Matricaria inodora MATIN Veronica persica VERPE Abutilon theophrasti ABUTH Pharbitis purpurea PHBPU Polygonum convolvulus POLCO Amaranthus retroflexus AMARE Stellaria media STEME Zea mays ZEAMA Aventura Triticum aestivum TRZAS Triso Brassica napus BRSNW Fontan

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE HB2 shows the diseases and crops used in the tests. Abbreviation/ Plant Crop English EPPO Code species Variety Disease Name disease Soybean Merlin Phakopsora Soybean rust PHAKPA pachyrhizi Wheat Monopol Puccinia triticina Brown rust PUCCRT Barley Gaulois Pyrenophora teres Net blotch PYRNTE Barley Villa Blumeria graminis Powdery ERYSGH mildew Tomato Rentita Phytophtora Late blight PHYTIN infestans

[0323] Materials

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE HB3 Exemplified trade names and CAS-No's of preferred organosilicone compounds (b) Molecular Product Chemical name Cas No. formula Supplier Silwet ® L77 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl-methyl-  27306-78-1 C13H34O4Si3 Momentive bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane Silwet ® 408 2-[3-  67674-67-3 C14H38O5Si4 Momentive [[dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxy- methyl- trimethylsilyloxysilyl]propoxy]ethanol Silwet ® 806 3-[methyl- 134180-76-0 C15H38O5Si3 Momentive bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propan-1- ol;2-methyloxirane;oxirane Break-thru ® 3-[methyl- 134180-76-0 C15H38O5Si3 Evonik S240 bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propan-1- ol;2-methyloxirane;oxirane Break-thru ® 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl-methyl-  27306-78-1 C13H34O4Si3 Evonik S278 bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane Silwet ® HS Polyalkylenoxid Silan secret — Momentive 312 Silwet ® HS Polyalkylenoxid Silan 166736-08-9 — Momentive 604 BreakThru ® Siloxanes and Silicones, cetyl Me, di- 191044-49-2 — Evonik OE 444 Me

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE HB4 Exemplified trade names and CAS-No's of preferred compounds (c) Molecular Product Chemical name Cas No. formula Supplier Morwet ® D425 Naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde 9008-63-3 Nouryon condensate Na salt Synperonic ® block-copolymer of polyethylene 9003-11-6 Croda PE/F127 oxide and polypropylene oxide Synperonic ® A7 alcohol ethoxylate (C12/C15-EO7) 68131-39-5 Croda Xanthan Polysaccharide 11138-66-2 Proxel ® GXL 1.2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 2634-33-5 Arch Chemicals Kathon ® 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3- 26172-55-4 Dow CG/ICP one plus 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3- plus one 2682-20-4 Propylene 1,2-Propylene glycol 57-55-6 glycol SAG ® 1572 Dimethyl siloxanes and silicones 63148-62-9 Momentive Atlox ® 4913 methyl methacrylate graft copolymer 119724-54-8 Croda with polyethylene glycol Atlox 4894 Ethoxylated C12-C15 fatty alcohol 308061-37-2 Croda (15-30%) + EO-PO Block copolymer n-butyl (40-60%) ATLAS ® G Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with 9038-95-3 Croda 5000 oxirane, monobutyl ether SILCOLAPSE ® Polydimethylsiloxanes and silica 9016-00-6 BLUESTAR 454 SILICONES RHODOPOL ® 23 Polysaccharide 11138-66-2 Solvay ACTICIDE ® Mixture of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3- 2682-20-4 Thor GmbH MBS one (MIT) and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3- 2634-33-5 one (BIT) in water Xanthan gum Polysaccharide 11138-66-2 Sokalan K 30 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 9003-39-8 BASF Supragil WP Sodium diisopropyl naphthalene 1322-93-6 Solvay sulfonate Morwet D-425 Naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde 9008-63-3 Nouryon condensate Na salt Soprophor 4 D Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate sulfate (16 119432-41-6 Solvay 384 EO) ammonium salt Rhodorsil Antim absorbed polydimethyl siloxane unknown Solvay EP 6703 antifoam Kaolin Tec 1 Aluminiumhydrosilicate 1318-74-7 Ziegler & 1332-58-7 Co. GmbH Sipernat 22 S synthetic amorphous silica (silicon 112926-00-8 Evonik dioxide) 7631-86-9 RHODACAL ® Calcium-dodecylbenzenesulphonate in 26264-06-2 Solvay 60 BE 2-Ethylhexanol 104-76-7 Emulsogen ® EL Ethoxylated Castor Oil with 40 EO 61791-12-6 Clariant 400 ETOCAS ® 10 Ethoxylated Castor Oil with 10 EO 61791-12-6 Croda TritonGR 7Me Dioctylsulfosuccinate Sodium-Salt ca. 577-11-7 DOW 65% in Solvent Naphtha light Solvesso ® Mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons 64742-94-5 ExxonMobil 200ND (C9-C11), naphtalene depleted Propylene Propylene carbonate 108-32-7 BASF carbonate Calsogen ® Calcium 11117-11-6 Clariant AR100 bis(tetrapropylenebenzenesulphonate) In Heavy aromatic solvent naphtha Bentone ® 34 Bis(hydrogenated tallow 68953-58-2 Elementis alkyl)dimethyl ammonium bentonite Specialities salts Silcolapse 482 Dimethyl siloxanes and silicones 63148-62-9 Bluestar Silicones

[0324] Herbicides

EXAMPLE HB1: SC

[0325]

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE HB5 Recipes HB1, HB2 and HB3. Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Recipe HB1 according to according to Component (g/l) reference the invention the invention Tembotrione (a) 100 100 100 Isoxadifen-ethyl (a) 50 50 50 ATLAS ® G 5000 (c) 10.5 10.5 10.5 Synperonic ® A7 (c) 10.5 10.5 10.5 Atlox ® 4913 (c) 31.5 31.5 31.5 Silwet ® HS 312 (b) 0 50 0 Silwet ® HS 604 (b) 0 0 40 Xanthan (c) 1.9 1.9 1.9 Acticide ® MBS (c) 2.1 2.1 2.1 Propylene glycol (c) 52.5 52.5 52.5 SILCOLAPSE ® 454 (c) 2.44 2.44 2.44 Water (d) (add to 1 litre) to volume to volume to volume Dose rate 1 L/ha

[0326] The method of preparation used was according to Method 1.

[0327] Spray Coverage Tests on Leaves

[0328] The leaf coverage was determined according to the coverage method 6.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE HB6 Spray deposit coverage and dose on non-textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Leaf Organosilicone Organosilicone coverage % coverage % coverage % surfactant dose surfactant dose Recipe apple corn abutilon g/ha % w/v Recipe HB1 not 10.2 17.4 14.6 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB1 not 40.2 34.2 26.6 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB2 30.8 28.8 24.6 50 0.5 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB2 47.3 42.2 31 50 0.025 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB3 13.8 15.6 16.1 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB3 54.9 34.1 33.5 40 0.02 according to the invention-200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0329] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is higher at higher water application volumes.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE HB7 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Organosilicone Organosilicone coverage % coverage % surfactant dose surfactant dose Recipe barley soybean g/ha % w/v Recipe HB1 not 23.7 13.2 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB1 not 12 25.2 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB2 49.1 33.2 50 0.5 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB2 29.4 35.3 50 0.025 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB3 55.7 39.2 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB3 29.6 39.6 40 0.02 according to the invention-200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0330] The results show that recipes HB2 and HB3 illustrative of the invention show greater or same coverage at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on textured leaves and also compared to the reference recipe HB1 on both types of leaves.

[0331] Greenhouse

[0332] Efficacy Data

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE HB8 Organosilicone super-spreader dose g/ha for each treatment. Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Spray volume Rate of SC Rate of a.i. Recipe HB1 according to according to l/ha applied l/ha g/ha reference the invention the invention 200 0.667 33.3 + 66.7 33.3 33.3 26.7 200 0.333 16.7 + 33.3 16.7 16.7 13.3 200 0.167  8.3 + 16.7 8.3 8.3 6.7 10 0.667 33.3 + 66.7 33.3 33.3 26.7 10 0.333 16.7 + 33.3 16.7 16.7 13.3 10 0.167  8.3 + 16.7 8.3 8.3 6.7

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE HB9 Organosilicone super-spreader dose g/ha and dose % w/v for 10 and 200 l/ha. Organosilicone Organosilicone Spray volume Rate of SC surfactant dose surfactant dose l/ha applied l/ha g/ha % w/v HB1 reference 200 0.667 0 0 200 0.333 0 0 200 0.167 0 0 10 0.667 0 0 10 0.333 0 0 10 0.167 0 0 HB2 200 0.667 33 0.017 200 0.333 17 0.009 200 0.167 9 0.005 10 0.667 33 0.33 10 0.333 17 0.17 10 0.167 9 0.08 HB3 200 0.667 27 0.013 200 0.333 14 0.007 200 0.167 7 0.004 10 0.667 27 0.27 10 0.333 14 0.14 10 0.167 7 0.07

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE HB10 Biological efficacy on Setaria viridis (SETVI). Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Spray volume Rate of SC Rate of a.i. Recipe HB1 according to according to l/ha applied l/ha g/ha reference the invention the invention 200 0.667 33.3 + 66.7 20 30 — 200 0.333 16.7 + 33.3 20 30 15 10 0.667 33.3 + 66.7 30 40 — 10 0.333 16.7 + 33.3 20 38 30

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE HB11 Biological efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG). Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Spray volume Rate of SC Rate of a.i. Recipe HB1 according to according to l/ha applied l/ha g/ha reference the invention the invention 200 0.667 33.3 + 66.7 98 95 96 200 0.333 16.7 + 33.3 80 95 90 200 0.167  8.3 + 16.7 — 40 10 10 0.667 33.3 + 66.7 80 96 96 10 0.333 16.7 + 33.3 83 94 96 10 0.167  8.3 + 16.7 — 70 78

[0333] The results in table HB10 and HB11 show that recipes HB2 and HB3 illustrative of the invention show greater or same efficacy at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on different weeds and also compared to the reference recipe HB1. The effect is stronger on lower rates of active.

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE HB12 Organosilicone super-spreader dose g/ha for each treatment. Organosilicone Organosilicone Spray volume Rate of SC Rate of a.i. surfactant dose surfactant dose l/ha applied l/ha g/ha g/ha % w/v HB1 reference 200 1 50 + 100 0 0 10 1 50 + 100 0 0 HB2 200 1 50 + 100 50 0.025 10 1 50 + 100 50 0.5 HB3 200 1 50 + 100 40 0.02 10 1 50 + 100 40 0.4

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE HB13 Biological efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG) Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Recipe HB1 according to according to reference the invention the invention 200 l/ha 96 95 96 10 l/ha 80 96 96

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE HB14 Biological efficacy on Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY) Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Recipe HB1 according to according to reference the invention the invention 200 l/ha 60 96 — 10 l/ha 8 82 —

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE HB15 Biological efficacy on Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE) Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Recipe HB1 according to according to reference the invention the invention 200 l/ha 98 99 96 10 l/ha 48 99 90

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE HB16 Biological efficacy on Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH) Recipe HB2 Recipe HB3 Recipe HB1 according to according to reference the invention the invention 200 l/ha 88 88 88 10 l/ha 60 88 90

[0334] The results in table HB13-16 show that recipes HB2 and HB3 illustrative of the invention show greater or same efficacy at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on different weeds and also compared to the reference recipe HB1.

EXAMPLE HB2: WG

[0335]

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE HB17 Recipes HB4, HB5 Recipe HB5 Recipe HB4 according to Component (g/kg) reference the invention Indaziflam (a) 200 200 Triafamone (a) 200 200 Supragil WP (c) 50 50 Morwet D 425 (c) 200 200 Sokalan K 30 (c) 20 20 Silwet 408 (b) 0 80 Rhodorsil Antim EP 6703 (c) 40 40 Sipernat 22 S (c) 50 50 Kaolin Tec 1 (d) 240 160 Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0336] The method of preparation used was according to Method 2.

[0337] Spray Coverage and Pipette Spreading Tests on Leaves

[0338] The leaf coverage was determined according to the coverage method.

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE HB18 Spray deposit coverage and dose on non-textured leaves. Organo- Leaf Leaf Organo- silicone coverage coverage Deposit Deposit silicone surfactant % % area mm.sup.∧2 area mm.sup.∧2 surfactant dose % Recipe apple corn amaranthus abutilon dose g/ha w/v Recipe HB4 not 1.7 2.8 7.16 5.4 0 0 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB4 not 5.8 5.5 0 0 according to the invention - 40 l/ha Recipe HB4 not 8.4 10.8 4.5 6.1 0 0 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB4 not 4.1 4.7 0 0 according to the invention - 500 l/ha Recipe HB5 according to 2.1 5.3 12.2 14.1 20 0.2 the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB5 according to 12.1 15.4 20 0.05 the invention- 40 l/ha Recipe HB5 according to 8.4 9.2 8.5 12.7 20 0.01 the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB5 according to 5.6 9.4 20 0.004 the invention - 500 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0339] The results show that on non-structured leaves the leaf-coverage is higher or similar at higher water application volumes on apple and corn.

[0340] But the deposit area on amaranthus and abutilon is according to the patent greater at lower spray-volume (10 l/ha) and also better compared to the reference-formulation.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE HB19 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Leaf Leaf Leaf Deposit Deposit silicone silicone coverage coverage coverage area area surfactant surfactant % % % mm.sup.∧2 mm.sup.∧2 dose dose Recipe soybean barley rice chenopodium digitaria g/ha % w/v Recipe HB4 not 1 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.9 0 0 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB4 not 1.1 1.2 0 0 according to the invention - 40 l/ha Recipe HB4 not 2.7 0.7 1.2 1.8 1.4 0 0 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB4 not 1.1 1.8 0 0 according to the invention - 500 l/ha Recipe HB5 9.2 16.5 8.7 101* 114 20 0.2 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB5 47.5 67.6 20 0.05 according to the invention - 40 l/ha Recipe HB5 7 1.5 3.2 14.6 10.4 20 0.01 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB5 6.8 6.8 20 0.004 according to the invention - 500 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0341] Numbers with asterisk mean that drops spread over the whole leave and the covered area (coverage) might be limited by the leaf area and not by lack of surfactants in the formulation.

[0342] The results show that recipe HB5 illustrative of the invention shows greater leaf-coverage and deposit area at 10 L/ha spray volume than at 200 L/ha or 500 L/ha on textured leaves and also compared to the reference recipe HB4.

EXAMPLE HB3: WG

[0343]

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE HB20 Recipes HB6 and HB7. Recipe HB7 Recipe HB6 according to Component (g/kg) reference the invention Mesosulfuron-methyl sodium (a) 23.48 23.48 Mefenpyr-diethyl (a) 45 45 Supragil WP (c) 30 30 Morwet D-425 (c) 150 150 Soprophor 4 D 384 (c) 40 40 Sokalan K 30 (c) 20 20 Silwet 408 (b) 0 80 Rhodorsil Antim EP 6703 (c) 20 20 Kaolin Tec 1 (d) 671.52 591.52 Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

[0344] The method of preparation used was according to Method 2.

[0345] Spray Coverage Tests on Leaves

[0346] The leaf coverage was determined according to the coverage method.

TABLE-US-00023 TABLE HB21 Spray deposit coverage and dose on non-textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Leaf Organo- Organo- cover- cover- cover- silicone silicone age % age % age % surfactant surfactant apple apple abutilon dose dose Recipe at 0° at 60° at 0° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB6 not 4.7 2.1 6.9 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB6 not 6.4 3 5.5 0 0 according to the invention-20 l/ha Recipe HB6 not 14.7 7.3 13.2 0 0 according to the invention-500 l/ha Recipe HB7 26.9 6.1 15.5 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB7 12.7 4.8 19.7 40 0.2 according to the invention-20 l/ha Recipe HB7 44.7 24.9 46.5 40 0.008 according to the invention-500 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

[0347] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is higher at higher water application volumes.

TABLE-US-00024 TABLE HB22 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf coverage coverage coverage coverage % % % % Organosilicone Organosilicone soybean soybean barley at rice at surfactant surfactant Recipe at 0° at 60° 0° 0° dose g/ha dose % w/v Recipe HB6 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 0 0 not according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB6 3.8 2 5.5 4.4 0 0 not according to the invention - 20 l/ha Recipe HB6 0 0 not according to the invention - 40 l/ha Recipe HB6 0 0 not according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB6 4.8 1.2 5.8 4.8 0 0 not according to the invention - 500 l/ha RecipeHB7 37.9 19.7 25.4 21 40 0.4 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB7 33.5 13 25.7 28.7 40 0.2 according to the invention n- 20 l/ha Recipe HB7 40 0.1 according to the invention - 40 l/ha Recipe HB7 40 0.02 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB7 11 1.8 20 14 40 0.008 according to the invention - 500 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

TABLE-US-00025 TABLE HB22a Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf cover- cover- age % age % Organo- Organo- corn corn silicone silicone (BBCH- (BBCH- surfactant surfactant 11/14) 11/14) dose dose Recipe at 0° at 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB6 6.5 3.6 0 0 not according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB6 11.5 7.2 0 0 not according to the invention-20 l/ha Recipe HB6 0 0 not according to the invention-40 l/ha Recipe HB6 0 0 not according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB6 29.1 20 0 0 not according to the invention-500 l/ha Recipe HB7 37.9 19.7 40 0.4 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB7 33.5 13 40 0.2 according to the invention- 20 l/ha Recipe HB7 40 0.1 according to the invention- 40 l/ha Recipe HB7 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB7 11 1.8 40 0.008 according to the invention- 500 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

TABLE-US-00026 TABLE HB22b Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit Deposit silicone silicone area area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe chenopodium digitaria g/ha % w/v Recipe HB6   3.2 4.3 0 0 not according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB6  4 2.4 0 0 not according to the invention-20 l/ha Recipe HB6   2.4 1.9 0 0 not according to the invention-40 l/ha Recipe HB6   1.9 1.9 0 0 not according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB6   1.6 1.9 0 0 not according to the invention- 500 l/ha Recipe HB7 250* 314 40 0.4 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB7 250* 308 40 0.2 according to the invention- l/ha Recipe HB7 100  186 40 0.1 according to the invention- 40 l/ha Recipe HB7   23.8 43.8 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB7   5.8 16.2 40 0.008 according to the invention- 500 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

[0348] Numbers with asterisk mean that drops spread over the whole leave and the covered area (coverage) might be limited by the leaf area and not by lack of surfactants in the formulation.

[0349] The results show that recipe HB7 illustrative of the invention shows greater leaf-coverage and deposit area at 10 L/ha, 20 L/ha and 40 l/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha or 500 L/ha on textured leaves and also compared to the reference recipe HB6.

EXAMPLE HB4: EC

[0350]

TABLE-US-00027 TABLE HB23 Recipes HB8, HB9, HB10 and HB11. Recipe HB9 Recipe HB11 Recipe HB8 according to Recipe HB10 according to Component (g/l) reference the invention reference the invention FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL (a) 90 90 90 90 MEFENPYR-DIETHYL (a) 45 45 45 45 Rhodacal ® 60 BE (c) 41 41 41 41 Etocas ® 10 (c) 0 0 62 62 Emulsogen ® EL 400 (c) 62 62 0 0 SILWET ® 806 (b) 0 41 0 41 SOLVESSO ® 200 ND (d) to volume to volume to volume to volume (add to 1 litre) Dose rate: 0.25 L/ha and 1 L/ha

[0351] The method of preparation used was according to Method 3.

[0352] Results

[0353] Spray Coverage Tests on Leaves

[0354] The leaf coverage was determined according to coverage method.

TABLE-US-00028 TABLE HB24 Spray deposit coverage and dose on non-textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Organo- Organo- cover- cover- silicone silicone age % age % surfactant surfactant apple at apple at dose dose Recipe 0° 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe 1.8 2 0 0 HB8 not according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe 5.5 7.5 0 0 HB8 not according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe 2.6 1.5 10 0.1 HB9 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe 12.7 1.9 10 0.005 HbB9 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0355] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is higher at higher water application volume.

TABLE-US-00029 TABLE HB25 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Leaf coverage % coverage % Leaf coverage % Organosilicone Organosilicone soybean at soybean at coverage % barley at surfactant surfactant Recipe 0° 60° barley at 0° 60° dose g/ha dose % w/v Recipe HB8 1.8 1.1 2.8 6.2 0 0 not according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB8 7.1 0.7 5.4 1.2 0 0 not according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB9 6.7 2.8 12.8 4.5 10 0.1 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB9 5.7 0.4 3.9 1.3 10 0.005 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

TABLE-US-00030 TABLE HB25a Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Organo- Organo- cover- cover- silicone silicone age % age % surfactant surfactant rice at rice at dose dose Recipe 0° 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB8 2.1 1 0 0 not according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB8 4.8 1.2 0 0 not according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB9 4.8 2.1 10 0.1 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB9 4.2 0.7 10 0.005 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0356] The results show that recipe HB9 illustrative of the invention shows greater coverage at 10 L/ha spray volume than at 200 L/ha on textured leaves and also compared to the reference recipe HB8.

[0357] Pipette Spreading Tests on Leaves

[0358] The deposit size was determined according to the coverage method.

TABLE-US-00031 TABLE HB26 Spray deposit size and dose on non-textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit Deposit silicone silicone area area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe amaranthus abutilon g/ha % w/v Recipe HB10 not 7.6 7.6 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB10 not 5.1 6.5 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB11 8.0 12.2 10 0.1 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB11 8.0 10.5 10 0.005 according to the invention-200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0359] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is similar at both water application volumes.

TABLE-US-00032 TABLE HB27 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Deposit Organo- Organo- area Deposit Deposit silicone silicone mm{circumflex over ( )}2 area area surfactant surfactant caheno- mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe podium rice digitaria g/ha % w/v Recipe HB10 10.8 22.3 12.2 0 0 not according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB10 2.7 3.5 5.2 0 0 not according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB11 28.6 61.6 50.8 10 0.1 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB11 13.7 10.5 22.8 10 0.005 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.25 kg/ha

[0360] The results show that recipes HB11 illustrative of the invention shows greater coverage at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on textured leaves and also compared to the reference recipe HB10.

[0361] Pipette Spreading Tests on Leaves

[0362] The deposit size was determined according to coverage method.

TABLE-US-00033 TABLE HB28 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on non-textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit silicone silicone area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe apple g/ha % w/v Recipe HB8 not 12.2 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB8 not 7.6 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB9 12.7 41 0.41 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB9 11.5 41 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0363] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is similar at both water application volumes.

TABLE-US-00034 TABLE HB29 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit Deposit Deposit silicone silicone area area area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe soybean rice barley g/ha % w/v Recipe HB8 not 52.3 191 34.3 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB8 not 5.75 25 7.7 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB9 88.2 221 104 41 0.41 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB9 49 70 42.4 41 0.02 according to the invention-200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0364] The results show that on structured leaves recipe HB9 illustrative of the invention shows larger deposit sizes at 10 L/ha spray volume than at 200 L/ha and also compared to the reference recipe HB8.

TABLE-US-00035 TABLE HB30 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on non-textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit silicone silicone area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe apple g/ha % w/v Recipe HB10 not 14.3 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB10 not 7.5 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB11 14.6 41 0.41 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB11 9.8 41 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0365] The results show that on non-structured leaves deposit size is slightly higher at lower application volume.

TABLE-US-00036 TABLE HB31 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit Deposit Deposit silicone silicone area area area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe soybean rice barley g/ha % w/v Recipe HB10 not 51.3 143 39.2 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB10 not 5.8 17.4 14.6 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB11 122 152 83 41 0.41 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB11 35 41.4 25.5 41 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0366] The results show that recipes HB11 illustrative of the invention shows greater coverage at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on textured leaves and also compared to the reference recipe HB10.

[0367] Greenhouse

[0368] Efficacy Data

TABLE-US-00037 TABLE HB32 Biological efficacy on Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY). Rate Recipe Spray of SL Rate Recipe HB11 volume applied of a.i. HB10 according to l/ha l/ha g/ha reference the invention 200 1 90 + 45 60 86 10 1 90 + 45 92 97

TABLE-US-00038 TABLE HB32a Biological efficacy on Avena fatua (AVEFA). Rate Recipe Spray of SL Rate Recipe HB11 volume applied of a.i. HB10 according to l/ha l/ha g/ha reference the invention 200 1 90 + 45 60 72 10 1 90 + 45 80 100

TABLE-US-00039 TABLE HB32b Biological efficacy on Lolium rigidum (LOLRI). Rate Recipe Spray of SL Rate Recipe HB11 volume applied of a.i. HB10 according to l/ha l/ha g/ha reference the invention 200 1 90 + 45 0 0 10 1 90 + 45 5 48

[0369] The results in table HB32 HB32a and HB32b show that recipe HB11 illustrative of the invention show greater efficacy at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on different weeds and also compared to the reference recipe HB10.

EXAMPLE HB5: OD

[0370]

TABLE-US-00040 TABLE HB33 Recipes HB12 and HB13. Recipe HB13 Recipe according HB12 to the Component (g/l) reference invention THIENCARBAZONE-METHYL 10 10 (a) MEFENPYR-DIETHYL (a) 60 60 Calsogen AR 100 ® 60 BE (c) 80 80 Emulsogen ® EL 400 (c) 60 60 Bentone ® 34 (c) 20 20 PROPYLENE CARBONATE (c) 2 2 SILWET ® 408 (b) 0 50 SILCOLAPSE ® 482 (c) 1.5 1.5 SODIUM CARBONATE (c) 2 2 SOLVESSO ® 200 ND (d) to to (add to 1 litre) volume volume Dose rate 0.5 L/ha

[0371] The method of preparation used was according to Method 4.

[0372] Spray Coverage Tests on Leaves

[0373] The leaf coverage was determined according to coverage method.

TABLE-US-00041 TABLE HB34 Spray deposit coverage and dose on non-textured leaves. Leaf Leaf coverage coverage Leaf Leaf Organosilicone Organosilicone % % coverage % coverage % surfactant surfactant apple at apple at amaranthus amaranthus dose dose Recipe 0° 60° at 0° at 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB12 2.8 3.4 14.4 1.8 0 0 not according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB12 10.7 5.1 16.4 6.4 0 0 not according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB13 4.6 5.6 3 0.9 25 0.25 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB13 14.4 13.9 20.8 6.2 25 0.0125 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

TABLE-US-00042 TABLE HB34a Spray deposit coverage and dose on non-textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Organo- Organo- coverage coverage silicone silicone % % surfactant surfactant abutilon abutilon dose dose Recipe s at 0° s at 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB12 5.6 2.4 0 0 not according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB12 16.9 9.2 0 0 not according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB13 9.1 3.3 25 0.25 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB13 33.7 5.3 25 0.0125 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

[0374] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is higher or at higher water application volumes.

TABLE-US-00043 TABLE HB35 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf Organo- Organo- coverage coverage coverage coverage silicone silicone % % % % surfactant surfactant rice at rice at digitaria digitaria dose dose Recipe 0° 60° at 0° at 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB12 21.5 2.2 15.9 4.4 0 0 not according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB12 4.9 0.7 7.6 3.6 0 0 not according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB13 23.2 2.4 17.9 14 25 0.25 according to the invention- 10 l/ha Recipe HB13 5.8 0.6 11 4.9 25 0.0125 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Dose rate: 0.5 kg/ha

[0375] The results show that recipe HB13 illustrative of the invention shows greater coverage at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on textured leaves.

EXAMPLE HB6: SL

[0376]

TABLE-US-00044 TABLE HB36 Recipes HB14 and HB15. Recipe HB15 Recipe according HB14 to the Component (g/l) reference invention Glyphosate K-salt (a) 523 523 Emulsogen ® EL 400 (c) 10 10 SILWET ® 806 (b) 0 10 Water (d) (add to 1 litre) to to volume volume Dose rate: 3 L/ha

[0377] The method of preparation used was according to Method 5.

[0378] Spray Coverage Tests on Leaves

[0379] The leaf coverage was determined according to coverage method.

TABLE-US-00045 TABLE HB37 Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf coverage coverage Leaf Leaf % % Organosilicone Organosilicone coverage coverage chenopo- chenopo- surfactant surfactant % % dium at dium at dose dose Recipe rice at 0° rice at 60° 0° 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB14 not 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0 0 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB14 not 0.7 0.3 1.6 0.3 0 0 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Recipe HB15 1.2 0.5 2.5 0.8 30 0.3 according to the invention - 10 l/ha Recipe HB15 0.9 0.6 2.2 0.5 30 0.015 according to the invention - 200 l/ha Dose rate: 3 L/ha

TABLE-US-00046 TABLE HB37a Spray deposit coverage and dose on textured leaves. Leaf Leaf Organo- Organo- coverage coverage silicone silicone % % surfactant surfactant digitaria digitaria dose dose Recipe at 0° at 60° g/ha % w/v Recipe HB14 not 1.8 2 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB14 not 9 10.3 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB15 2.3 2 30 0.3 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB15 3 1 30 0.015 according to the invention-200 l/ha Dose rate: 3 L/ha

[0380] The results show that recipe HB15 illustrative of the invention shows larger deposit sizes at 10 L/ha spray volume than at 200 L/ha and also compared to the reference recipe HB14.

[0381] Greenhouse

[0382] Efficacy Data

TABLE-US-00047 TABLE HB38 Biological efficacy on Alopecurus myosuroides_(ALOMY). Recipe Rate Rate HB15 Spray of SL of Recipe according volume applied of a.i. HB14 to the l/ha l/ha g/ha reference invention 200 3 1569 10  5  10 3 1569 72 99

TABLE-US-00048 TABLE HB38a Biological efficacy on Avena fatua (AVEFA). Recipe Rate Rate HB15 Spray of SL of Recipe according volume applied of a.i. HB14 to the l/ha l/ha g/ha reference invention 200 3 1569  0  0  10 3 1569 60 72

[0383] The results in table HB37 and 37a show that recipe HB15 illustrative of the invention show greater efficacy at 10 L/ha spray volume as at 200 L/ha on different weeds and also compared to the reference recipe HB14.

EXAMPLE HB7

[0384]

TABLE-US-00049 TABLE HB39 Recipe HB16 Recipe HB16 according to Component (g/l) the invention ACETOCHLOR (a) 100 EMULSOGEN EL 400 (c)  40 RHODACAL 60 BE (c)  40 SILWET 408 (b)  40 SOLVESSO 200 ND (d) to volume (add to 1 litre)

EXAMPLE HB8

[0385]

TABLE-US-00050 TABLE HB40 Recipe HB17 Recipe HB17 according to Component (g/l) the invention BROMOXYNIL-OCTANOATE- 100 HEPTANOATE (a) EMULSOGEN EL 400 (c)  41 RHODACAL 60 BE (c)  41 SILWET 408 (b)  40 SOLVESSO 200 ND (d) to volume (add to 1 litre)

EXAMPLE HB9

[0386]

TABLE-US-00051 TABLE HB41 Recipe HB18 Recipe HB18 according to Component (g/l) the invention IODOSULFURON-METHYL-SODIUM (a)  10 MEFENPYR-DIETHYL (a)  25 CASTOR OIL-40EO (c)  50 TRITON GR 7ME (c) 150 SILWET 408 (b)  40 SOLVESSO 200 ND (d) to volume (add to 1 litre)

[0387] Pipette Spreading Tests on Leaves

[0388] The deposit size was determined according to the coverage method.

TABLE-US-00052 TABLE HB42 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on non-textured leaves. Organo- Organo- Deposit silicone silicone Deposit area surfactant surfactant area mm{circumflex over ( )}2 mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe amaranthus abutilon g/ha % w/v Recipe HB16 21.5 18.9 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB16 9.7 14.6 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB17 8.4 19.7 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB17 12.3 14.5 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB18 13.9 16.7 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB18 9.3 12.5 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0389] The results show that on non-structured leaves the coverage is in the most cases higher at 10 l/ha application volume.

TABLE-US-00053 TABLE HB43 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on textured leaves. Deposit Organo- Organo- Deposit area Deposit silicone silicone area mm{circumflex over ( )}2 area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 cheno- mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe rice podium digitaria g/ha % w/v Recipe HB16 137.0 204.0* 164.0 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB16 59.7 34.7 79.9 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB17 172.0 241*   220.0 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB17 43.4 47.3 41.9 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Recipe HB18 199.0 200.0* 157.0 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB18 48.0 112.4* 99.8 40 0.02 according to the invention- 200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0390] Numbers with asterisk mean that drops spread over the whole leave and the covered area (coverage) might be limited by the leaf area and not by lack of surfactants in the formulation.

[0391] The results show that recipes HB16, HB17 and HB18 illustrative of the invention shows greater coverage at 10 L/ha spray volume than at 200 L/ha on textured leaves.

EXAMPLE HB10

[0392]

TABLE-US-00054 TABLE HB44 Recipe HB19 and HB20 Recipe HB20 Recipe according HB19 to the Component (g/l) reference invention TRIAFAMONE (a) 70.00 70.00 Silwet L 77 (b) 0.00 40.00 ATLOX 4913 (c) 32.40 32.40 ATLOX 4894 (c) 21.60 21.60 1.2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL (c) 54.00 54.00 Silcolapse ® 454 (c) 2.16 2.16 Proxel ® GXL (c) 1.94 1.94 Kathon ® CG/ICP (c) 0.86 0.86 RHODOPOL ® 23 (c) 4.32 4.32 Na2HPO4 (Buffer solution pH = 7) (c) 1.5 1.5 NaH2PO4 (Buffer solution pH = 7) (c) 0.8 0.8 Water (d) (add to 1 litre) (c) to to volume volume

[0393] Pipette Spreading Tests on Leaves

[0394] The leaf deposit size was determined according to the coverage method.

TABLE-US-00055 TABLE HB45 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on non-textured leaves. Super- Super- Deposit spreading spreading area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe apple g/ha % w/v Recipe HB19 not 8.6 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB19 not 6.8 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB20 69.8 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB20 15.5 40 0.02 according to the invention-200 l/ha Formulations applied at 1 l/ha.

[0395] The results show that on non-structured leaves the deposit size is higher at lower water application volume.

TABLE-US-00056 TABLE HB46 Spray dilution droplet size and dose on textured leaves. Super- Super- Deposit spreading spreading area surfactant surfactant mm{circumflex over ( )}2 dose dose Recipe soybean g/ha % w/v Recipe HB19 not 6.4 0 0 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB19 not 3.9 0 0 according to the invention-200 l/ha Recipe HB20 85.5 40 0.4 according to the invention-10 l/ha Recipe HB20 18.7 40 0.02 according to the invention-200 l/ha

[0396] The results show that recipe HB20 illustrative of the invention shows larger deposit sizes at 10 L/ha spray volume than at 200 L/ha and compared to the reference recipe HB19.