Method of using a combination driver/anti-rotation handle for shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract

A method of preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component includes accessing a glenoid of a shoulder, positioning a distal portion and a proximal portion of a combination power extension/anti-rotation device on a guide wire positioned in the shoulder and reaming a hole in the shoulder using the combination power extension/anti-rotation device with the distal portion and the proximal portion positioned on the guide wire. The proximal portion is removed from the guide wire and pivoted with respect to the distal portion while the distal portion is still positioned on the guide wire. The picoted proximal portion is used to rotate an instrument to a first position and a bore is formed in the glenoid through the instrument with the instrument at the first position.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component, comprising: accessing a glenoid of the shoulder; positioning a distal portion of a combination power extension/anti-rotation device on a guide wire positioned in the shoulder; positioning a proximal portion of a combination power extension/anti-rotation device on the guide wire positioned in the shoulder; reaming a hole in the shoulder using the combination power extension/anti-rotation device with the distal portion and the proximal portion positioned on the guide wire; removing the proximal portion from the guide wire; pivoting the proximal portion with respect to the distal portion after removing the proximal portion and while the distal portion is still positioned on the guide wire; rotating an instrument to a first position using the pivoted proximal portion; and forming a first bore in the glenoid through the instrument with the instrument at the first position.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: maintaining the instrument at the first position using the pivoted proximal portion while forming the first bore.

3. The method of claim 1, forming the first bore further comprising: forming the first bore at a first location on the glenoid spaced apart from the reamed hole through a first drill guide extending through a body portion of the instrument.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the instrument further includes a second drill guide extending through the body portion of the instrument, the method further comprising: forming a second bore at a second location on the glenoid spaced apart from the reamed hole and the first bore through the second drill guide.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the instrument further includes a third drill guide extending through the body portion of the instrument, the method further comprising: forming a third bore at a third location on the glenoid spaced apart from the reamed hole, the first bore, and the second bore through the third drill guide.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein reaming the hole in the shoulder further comprises: transferring torque from the proximal portion to the distal portion through a first pair of tines associated with the proximal portion and through a second pair of tines associated with the distal portion.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein pivoting the proximal portion with respect to the distal portion further comprises: pivoting the proximal portion about a tine pin extending through at least one of the first pair of tines and at least one of the second pair of tines.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: decoupling the distal portion and the instrument while removing the proximal portion from the guide wire.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: recoupling the distal portion and the instrument using the pivoted proximal portion prior to rotating the instrument to the first position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 depicts a coronal view of an anatomically normal shoulder joint.

(2) FIG. 2 depicts a sagittal view of the shoulder joint of FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 depicts a bottom perspective view of a circular glenoid component that may be implanted in a scapula in accordance with principles of the invention;

(4) FIG. 4 depicts a bottom plan view of the circular glenoid component of FIG. 3;

(5) FIG. 5 depicts a side plan view of the circular glenoid component of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 6 depicts a side perspective view of a combination reamer/drill device that may be used to simultaneously form a bore for receiving a peg of a glenoid component and to ream a glenoid fossa to receive the glenoid component;

(7) FIG. 7 depicts a bottom perspective view of the combination device of FIG. 6 showing the guide bore extending from a distal tip of the combination device;

(8) FIG. 8 depicts a bottom plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6;

(9) FIG. 9 depicts a side plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6 showing the guide bore extending to a drive section which in this embodiment is a hexagonally shaped bore in a body section of the combination device;

(10) FIG. 10 depicts a perspective view of a combination power extension/anti-rotation handle which may be used with the combination device of FIG. 6 to couple a power rotary tool (not shown) to the combination device;

(11) FIG. 11 depicts a bottom plan view of the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle of FIG. 10 showing a guide bore which extends from a distal tip of the lower portion;

(12) FIG. 12 depicts a side cross sectional view of the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle of FIG. 10;

(13) FIG. 13 depicts a medical procedure that may be used to implant the circular glenoid component of FIG. 3 into a scapula using the combination device of FIG. 10;

(14) FIG. 14 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 2 with a guide wire positioned in the scapula using a guide template and a guide template manipulator;

(15) FIG. 15 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 14 with the combination reamer/drill device of FIG. 6 guided to a location adjacent to the glenoid fossa by the guide wire of FIG. 14;

(16) FIG. 16 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 14 with the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle of FIG. 10 coupled to the combination reamer/drill device of FIG. 6, both the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle and the combination reamer/drill device guided to a location adjacent to the glenoid fossa by the guide wire of FIG. 14;

(17) FIG. 17 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 14 and the coupled combination power extension/anti-rotation handle and the combination reamer/drill devices of FIG. 16 after the combination reamer/drill device has been used to form a bore in preparation for implanting the glenoid component of FIG. 3 into the scapula;

(18) FIG. 18 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 14 and the coupled combination power extension/anti-rotation handle and the combination reamer/drill devices of FIG. 16 after the combination reamer/drill device has been used to simultaneously ream the glenoid fossa and form a bore in preparation for implanting the glenoid component of FIG. 3 into the scapula;

(19) FIG. 19 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 14 after the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle has been withdrawn along the guide wire 236 to a location that allows pivoting of the proximal portion of the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle;

(20) FIG. 20 depicts a perspective view of the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle after the proximal portion of the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle has been pivoted;

(21) FIG. 21 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 14 after the pivoted combination power extension/anti-rotation handle of FIG. 20 has been guided by the wire guide of FIG. 14 and coupled with the combination reamer/drill device of FIG. 6 allowing a user to manually orient the combination reamer/drill device on the scapula;

(22) FIG. 22 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 14 with the combination reamer/drill device of FIG. 6 used to guide a drill bit to form a bore to receive an offset peg of the glenoid component of FIG. 3 while the pivoted combination power extension/anti-rotation handle of FIG. 20 has been used to manually stabilize the combination reamer/drill device on the scapula; and

(23) FIG. 23 depicts a perspective view of the combination reamer/drill device of FIG. 6 and drill bit of FIG. 22 with the pivoted combination power extension/anti-rotation handle of FIG. 20.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(24) Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the following description and the accompanying drawings.

(25) FIGS. 3-5 depict a glenoid component 100. The glenoid component 100 includes a body portion 102 including a spherical articulating surface 104 and an opposite bone contacting surface 106. An outer wall 108 extends away from the bone contacting surface 106 and defines an outer periphery of the body portion 102. The bone contacting surface 106 is generally convex. A finned center peg 110 extends away from the nadir of the bone contacting surface 106 as viewed in FIG. 5. Three offset pegs 112, 114, and 116 extend away from the bone contacting surface 106 at locations between the center peg 110 and the outer wall 108. The nadir 118 of the spherical articulating surface 104 is located on the centerline 120 of the glenoid component 100.

(26) The glenoid component 100 in this embodiment is an integrally formed unit made from a durable biocompatible plastic or any other suitable durable biocompatible material. For example, the glenoid component 100 may be made from a polyethylene. One particular polyethylene that is well suited for glenoid component 100 is a high molecular weight polyethylene, for example ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (“UHMWPE”). One such UHMWPE is sold as by Johnson & Johnson of New Brunswick, N.J. as MARATHON™ UHMWPE and is more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,228,900 and 6,281,264 to McKellop, which are incorporated herein by reference.

(27) In embodiments wherein the articulating surface 104 and the other portions of the glenoid component 100 are made from different materials, the portions of the glenoid component 100 other than the articulating surface 104 may be made from a suitable biocompatible metal such as, for example, a cobalt chromium alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a titanium alloy, or any other suitable durable material. In these embodiments, the articulating surface 104 is secured to the body portion 102 in any suitable manner. For example, articulating surface 104 may be bonded to body portion 102, or articulating surface 104 could be made from polyethylene and compression molded to body portion 102. Alternately, the articulating surface 104 may be glued to the body portion 102 by, for example, an adhesive. Alternatively, articulating surface 104 may be mechanically interlocked to the body portion 102 by taper locking or otherwise press-fitting the articulating surface 104 into the body 102 and the body 102 may include any other suitable interlocking features, for example, rib(s), lip(s), detent(s), and/or other protrusion(s) and mating groove(s), channel(s), or indent(s) (not shown).

(28) In alternative embodiments, one or more of the outer wall 108, the bone contacting surface 106, the center peg 110 and the offset pegs 112, 114, and 116 may include a porous coating to facilitate bone in-growth into the glenoid component 100. The porous coating may be any suitable porous coating and may for example be POROCOAT®, a product of Johnson & Johnson of New Brunswick, N.J. and more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,638 to Pilliar, which is incorporated herein by reference.

(29) In order to implant the glenoid component 100 into a scapula, the scapula must first be prepared to receive the glenoid component 100. A device which can be used to prepare the scapula to receive the glenoid component 100 is depicted in FIGS. 6-9. With reference to FIGS. 6-9, a combination reamer/drill device 130 includes a drive section 132, a body section 134, and a drill or boring section 136. The drive section 132 in this embodiment is a hexagonally shaped bore defined in the body section 134.

(30) A number of reaming fins 140 extend from the lower central portion of the body section 134 toward the drill section 136. The reaming fins 140 curve proximally and outwardly from the lower central portion of the body section 134 to the outer periphery of the body section 134. The reaming fins 140 include an arcuate leading edge 142. The body section 134 defines a number of through-holes at locations between adjacent reaming fins 140. The through-holes in the embodiment of FIGS. 6-9 include three drill guides 146 and three ports 148.

(31) The drill section 136 extends away from the body section 134 to a distal tip 150. Two flutes 152 and 154 extend helically about the drill section 136 between the body section 134 and the distal tip 150. A guide bore 156 extends from the distal tip 150 to the drive section 132.

(32) As discussed in further detail below, a kit may include one or more combination reamer/drill devices 130 along with various instrumentation to facilitate use of the combination reamer/drill device 130. By way of example, FIGS. 10-12 depict a combination power extension/anti-rotation device 160 that may be included in the kit. The combination power extension/anti-rotation device 160 includes a longitudinally extending proximal portion 162 and a longitudinally extending distal portion 164. The proximal portion 162 includes a power receiving portion 166 and a junction portion 168. The power receiving portion 166 is sized and configured to couple with a power tool (not shown) and includes a pair of opposing power receiving flats 170 and a pair of coupling grooves 172 and 174 which extend about the power receiving portion 166 between the power receiving flats 170.

(33) The junction portion 168 includes two tines 180/182 which define a receiving area 184 therebetween. A guide bore 186 extends from the receiving area 184 to the proximal tip 188 of the proximal portion 162. Two bores 190/192 extend through the respective tines 180/182.

(34) The distal portion 164 includes a power transfer portion 200 at a distal end 202. The power transfer portion 200 is shaped to be complimentary to the drive section 132 of the combination reamer/drill 130. In the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12, the power transfer portion 200 is thus a hexagonally shaped protrusion sized to fit within the drive section 132.

(35) A junction portion 204 is located at a proximal end 206 of the distal portion 164. The junction portion 204 includes two tines 208/210 which define an upper receiving area 212 and a lower receiving area 214 therebetween. A guide bore 216 extends from the lower receiving area 214 to the distal end 202 of the distal portion 164. Two bores 218/220 extend through the respective tines 208/210. The bores 218/220 are countersunk so that two pins 222/224 may be received therein and be flush with the outer surface of the tines 208/210.

(36) When the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is assembled, the tines 180/182 of the proximal portion 162 are received with in the upper receiving area 212 of the distal portion 162. Additionally, the bores 190/192 are aligned with the bores 218/220, respectively. The pin 222 is positioned within the aligned bores 190/218, while the pin 224 is positioned within the aligned bores 192/220. The pins 222/224 and bores 190/192/218/220 are configured to allow the proximal portion 162 to pivot with respect to the distal portion 164 about an axis defined by the pins 222/224. To this end, the pins 222/224 in one embodiment are in the form of rivets. In another embodiment, the pins 222/224 are threadedly engaged with the bores 190/192, respectively and configured to articulate with the bores 218/220.

(37) Additionally, the guide bore 186 and the guide bore 216 lie within the same plane when the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is assembled. As the proximal portion 162 is pivoted with respect to the distal portion 164, the guide bore 186 pivots within that same plane. Accordingly, the guide bores 186 and 216 may be pivoted into alignment with each other. When the guide bores 186 and 216 are aligned, the proximal portion 162 and the distal portion 164 are longitudinally aligned as depicted in FIG. 10.

(38) A kit including the combination reamer/drill device 130 and the power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 may be used in preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component such as glenoid component 100 in accordance with a procedure 230 depicted in FIG. 13. Initially, a scapula is accessed at block 232 in accordance with a desired surgical approach. At block 234, a guide wire, which may be provided in a kit along with other instrumentation used in the procedure 230, is positioned on the scapula. Positioning of the guide wire may be computer aided. In one embodiment, the guide wire is positioned based upon identification of the center of an inferior glenoid circle. By way of example, FIG. 14 depicts a guide wire 236 implanted into a glenoid 238 of a scapula 240. In the embodiment of FIG. 20, the guide wire 236 has been positioned with the aid of a guide plate 242 and a guide plate manipulator 244.

(39) Once the guide wire is positioned, a combination reamer/drill device 130 is positioned with the guide bore 156 aligned with the guide wire 236. The combination reamer/drill device 130 is then moved toward the guide wire 236 and at block 246 the guide wire 236 is used to guide the combination reamer/drill device 130 to a location adjacent to the glenoid 238 of the scapula 240 as depicted in FIG. 15.

(40) At block 248, a combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is coupled to the combination device 130 by first aligning the guide bore 216 (see FIG. 12) with the guide wire 236. The combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is then moved over the guide wire 236 until the guide wire 236 extends through the guide bore 216 and into the lower receiving area 214. The proximal portion 162 is then pivoted with respect to the distal portion 164 as necessary to align the guide bore 186 with the guide wire 236. The combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is then moved over the guide wire 236 until the power transfer portion 200 is adjacent to the drive section 132 of the combination reamer/drill device 130. If needed, the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is rotated on the guide wire 236 to rotationally align the shaped power transfer portion 200 with the shaped drive section 132 and the power transfer portion 200 is inserted into the drive section 132 resulting in the configuration of FIG. 16.

(41) A rotary tool (not shown) is then coupled to the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 at block 250. Thus, the rotary tool is coupled to the power receiving portion 166 of the proximal portion 162 so as to be indirectly coupled to the combination reamer/drill device 130.

(42) Power is then applied to the rotary tool causing the rotary tool to rotate the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160. Rotary force is transferred to the drive section 132 of the combination reamer/drill device 130 through the power transfer portion 164 (see FIG. 12). More specifically, torque is passed from the rotary tool to the power receiving portion 166. The tines 180/182/208/210 are configured such that the torque received by the proximal portion 162 is transferred to the tines 208/210 through the tines 180/182. The torque is then transferred from the power transfer portion 200 to the drive section 132, causing the combination reamer/drill device 130 to rotate.

(43) As the combination reamer/drill device 130 initially rotates about the guide wire 236, the drill section 136 contacts the glenoid 238 and begins to bore a hole in the glenoid 238. The reaming fins 140, however, are initially spaced apart from the glenoid 238 as depicted in FIG. 17. Accordingly, no reaming occurs. As a hole is formed in the glenoid 238 by the drill section 136, the combination reamer/drill device 130 is guided by the guide wire 236 such that the reaming fins 140 come into contact with the glenoid 238 as depicted in FIG. 18. Continued rotation of the combination reamer/drill device 130 with the rotary tool thus causes simultaneous reaming of the glenoid 238 with the reaming fins 140 and boring of the scapula 240 with the drill section 136 at block 252.

(44) Once the glenoid 238 has been reamed to the desired depth, the power tool is de-energized and disconnected at block 254. The size of the drill section 132, both in length and diameter, is selected to be complimentary to the size of the center peg 110 of the glenoid component 100. Thus, upon completion of the reaming, the bore formed by the drill section 132 is sized to receive the finned center peg 110.

(45) The combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is then backed away from the combination reamer/drill device 130 along the guide wire 236 at block 256 until the end of the guide wire 126 is located within the receiving area 184 of the proximal portion 162 resulting in the configuration of FIG. 19. While the guide wire was within the guide bore 186 of the proximal portion 162, the proximal portion 162 was maintained in alignment with the distal portion 164 which enables smooth transfer of torque through the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160. Once the guide wire 236 is no longer within the guide bore 186, however, the proximal portion 162 may be pivoted with respect to the distal portion 164 to the configuration of FIG. 20 (block 258).

(46) At block 260, the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is coupled to the combination device 130 substantially in the manner described above. Since the guide wire 236 does not extend through the proximal portion 162, however, the proximal portion 162 may be used as a handle to rotate the coupled combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 and combination reamer/drill device 130 about an axis defined by the guide wire 236 as indicated by the arrow 262 of FIG. 21. The combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 is thus used to align a drill guide 146 in the combination reamer/drill device 130 with a desired location (block 264). In one embodiment, a handle similar to the handle shown attached to the guide plate manipulator 244 of FIG. 14 may be included in the kit. Such a handle may be removably coupled to the power receiving portion 166 of the proximal portion 162 to facilitate manipulation of the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160.

(47) The ability to pivot the proximal portion 162 provides a surgeon with a relatively unobstructed view of the combination reamer/drill device 130. Accordingly, the surgeon may view the reamed surface of the glenoid 238 through the drill guides 146. This allows a surgeon to view the location in the scapula 240 at which the offset fixation pegs 112, 114, and 116 of the glenoid component 100 will be anchored. In the embodiments in this example wherein the number and positioning of the drill guides 146 are complimentary to the number and positioning of the offset fixation pegs 112, 114, and 116, the surgeon may orient the combination reamer/drill device 130 such that each of the drill guides 146 is aligned with portions of the scapula 240 that can provide a good anchor for the offset fixation pegs 112, 114, and 116.

(48) Once the combination reamer/drill device 130 is aligned at the block 264, a drill bit is inserted through one of the drill guides 146 to drill an additional bore at a location spaced apart from the first bore formed using the drill section 136 at block 230. By way of example, FIGS. 22 and 23 depict a drill bit 266 positioned in a drill guide 146 of the combination device 130. The combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 may be used to steady the combination reamer/drill device 130 during the drilling process. The offset of the proximal portion 162 from the axis defined by the wire guide 236 results in a mechanical advantage in maintaining the combination reamer/drill device 130 at the desired orientation. Blocks 264 and 268 may be repeated as desired to form additional holes.

(49) Once all of the desired holes are formed, the combination reamer/drill device 130 is removed at block 270. The combination power extension/anti-rotation handle 160 may be used to aid in removal of the combination reamer/drill device 130. At block 272, the glenoid component is implanted. In this example, the glenoid component 100 has a lower bone contacting surface 106 shaped complimentary to the reaming cross-section of the reaming fins 140. Thus, in this example the lower bone contacting surface 106 is curved complimentary to the distal curve of the reaming fins 140. In other embodiments, the reaming fins 140 may be configured to produce a flat bottomed area if a glenoid component with a flat lower bone contacting surface is used. Accordingly, a kit in one embodiment includes different combination devices with differently shaped reaming cross-sections.

(50) Moreover, while in the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12 the proximal portion 162 is only pivotably connected to the distal portion 164, in another embodiment the proximal portion is both pivotably and slidably connected to the distal portion. This can be accomplished by providing longitudinal slots connected to the bores 218/220. In this embodiment, once the proximal portion is aligned with the distal portion, the proximal portion may be moved toward the distal portion. Accordingly, in addition to torque being passed through the tines in the junction portion, additional features may be incorporated in the proximal and distal portions which are selectively interlocked. This arrangement allows for a more robust connection between the proximal portion and the distal portion which is useful in embodiments wherein weaker materials are desired to be used in forming a combination power extension/anti-rotation handle.

(51) In yet another embodiment, the guide bores in the proximal portion and the distal portion are positioned substantially immediately adjacent to one another when the proximal and distal portions are aligned. In this embodiment, pivoting between the proximal and distal portions is enabled by moving the combination power extension/anti-rotation handle such that the wire guide does not extend into the guide bore in the proximal portion.

(52) The foregoing description of the invention is illustrative only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the precise terms set forth. Further, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain illustrative embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of the invention as described and defined in the following claims.