Abstract
A printed image for the decor of a panel and a method for imprinting plates, in particular wall, ceiling or floor panels. The method includes the following steps: (i) providing a plate; (ii) applying a primer by means of a liquid curtain of coating material on/to a main surface of the plate; (iii) optionally drying and/or curing the primer; (iv) treating the surface of the primer by means of at least one of the following measures: a) corona treatment; b) plasma treatment; c) applying an oil in an aqueous dilution and (v) applying a decorative decor.
Claims
1. A panel, wherein the panel is a wall, ceiling or floor panel, comprising: a carrier plate provided on at least a main surface with a decor layer, wherein the decor layer has a decor that is an imitation of a real wood surface and imprinted by digital four-color printing, wherein the decor layer is provided on a primer layer that was applied by curtain coating, wherein an aliphatic polyurethane acrylate is provided in an amount of 1 to 20 g/m.sup.2 prior to printing onto the primer layer, and wherein the décor is formed of a plurality of color points, of which more than 90% have a size from 3500 μm.sup.2 to 5000 μm.sup.2, at a dpi value from 200 to 1200.
2. The panel according to claim 1, wherein the dpi value is from 280 to 1200.
3. The panel according to claim 1, wherein the dpi value is from 300 to 400.
Description
4. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
(1) In the following the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached figures.
(2) FIG. 1 is a microscope image of a printed image according to the prior art;
(3) FIG. 2 is a microscope image of a printed image with preceding corona treatment;
(4) FIG. 3 is a microscope image of a printed image with a preceding plasma treatment;
(5) FIG. 4 is a microscope image of a printed image with preceding treatment with diluted canola oil;
(6) FIG. 5 shows an exemplary layer structure; and
(7) FIG. 6 shows a system for carrying out the inventive method in a schematic view.
(8) In FIGS. 1 to 4 different microscopic magnifications of four-color digital printing images are shown. The magnifications are taken from the printed image of a real wood decor. As can be seen from the figures, the decor is formed of a plurality of color points. It can be seen in the microscopic magnifications that the color points are discrete separate points. This cannot be distinguished by the naked eye without magnification. The FIGS. 1 to 4 are black/white, however it can basically be recognized that the size and the shape of the single color points vary in the figures. In FIG. 1, a four-color digital printing image according to the prior art is shown. The digital print was applied immediately after application of the primer. The single color points are clearly distinguished from each other, as this is actually desired with this printing technique. In fact, the printing image shown in FIG. 1 according to the prior art is technically very sophisticated. However, it has been found in practice that in particular with the imitation of real wood decors this well separated and technically sophisticated printed image is not optimally suited to mimic a natural wood surface. The inventors of the present invention have found that printed images being of high quality to the human eye can be created if the surface is pretreated prior to the imprinting with one of the following measures. Corona treatment; plasma treatment and most preferably applying an oil, preferably in an aqueous emulsion.
(9) In FIG. 2 a printed image with microscopic magnification is shown in which the primer was subjected to a corona treatment prior to printing. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the single color points are dissolved somewhat stronger and cover more of the total surface. Similarly good results can be achieved with a plasma treatment, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
(10) However, the best results have been found when, after the application of the primer and a possible drying and/or curing of the primer, an oil is applied to the surface in aqueous emulsion. In the shown example, a canola oil was used, which was applied in a dilution with water with one part oil and 8 parts water.
(11) Thereby, 2 g oil per m.sup.2 was applied (i.e. about 18 g/m.sup.2 of the aqueous oil water dilution). The single color points of the digital four-color printing are strongly dissolved and offer a good coverage of the base layer, as it is shown in the microscopic magnification of FIG. 4. Although such a flow is usually not desirable, it has surprisingly been found that such a printing image makes a particularly very high quality impression to the human eye, especially in the representation of a real wood decor. As can be seen from the figures, the color points are not all of the same size. With the printed image shown in FIG. 4, most of the color points are thereby in a size range from 2000 μm.sup.2 to 3500 μm.sup.2. In addition, about 360 color points per inch (360 dpi) are in horizontal direction. A similar value is obtained for the vertical alignment in which also about 360 color points per inch are counted (360 dpi).
(12) In FIG. 5, a schematic layer structure of a panel or a plate according to the invention is shown. The illustration is purely schematic and not to scale. In particular, the actual carrier plate 11 is considerably thicker than the other layers 12-16, which are in the range of a few micrometers. The shown carrier plate 11 is a HDF plate with a thickness of about 8 mm. A sound insulation layer 17 as well as a moisture protection layer 18 attached thereto is located on the bottom side of the carrier plate 11. On the upper side, i.e. a main surface of the plate, the primer 12 is applied. On the primer 12 a decor layer or a decor 13 is provided. The decor was applied by means of a polymerizable printing ink with digital four-color printing. Two polymer layers are located over the decor layer 13, which constitute the actual wear surface of the panel 10. The polymer layers 14 and 15 are based on a acrylate system and have a hardness gradient. To increase the abrasion resistance of the surface, abrasion resistant particles, in particular corundum can be added to the polymer layers, as known by the person skilled in the art. A top lacquer layer 16 is located as the topmost surface. Between the single layers, in particular between the surface of plate 11 and the primer layer 12, other layers may be provided, such as in particular priming to improve adhesion. According to the invention, an oil in aqueous emulsion was applied to the primer 12, and forms an oil layer 20.
(13) In the following, the inventive method will be described with reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 shows schematically a coating system for coating plates or panels 10. The plates 10, which can be for example solid wood plates, MDF, HDF or particle boards, are guided via a roller conveying system 21 through the various stations of the coating system. The illustrated coating stations are not intended to be exhaustive, but merely serve as an example to illustrate the inventive method. Before, after and between the shown stations further processing stations may be provided, such as for example other drying stations, stations for applying priming, stations for applying putty and so on. In the first illustrated station 30, the primer is applied by means of a liquid curtain 31 of coating material onto the main surface of plate 10. The liquid curtain 31 extends over the entire width of the plate and the plates are transported through this curtain and are thereby coated. Beneath the devise 30 to output the curtain, a collection container 32 is provided, into which the liquid curtain is falling when no plate is guided through the curtain, such as for example in the gap between two consecutive plates. As coating material for the primer an aqueous acrylate dispersion is preferably used. In one of the subsequent drying station 40 the applied primer is dried with hot air, i.e. water is withdrawn from the acrylate dispersion. In station 50, an oil in aqueous dilution is applied to the primer by means of rollers. The oil is preferably a natural oil, such as linseed oil, palm oil, sunflower oil or canola oil and is applied in an amount of 1-5 g oil/m.sup.2.
(14) In station 60 a decorative decor, such as in particular a real wood decor is applied by means of a digital printing to the treated primer. Optionally, a drying step can be provided between the stations 50 and 60. After the printing, a polymer layer is applied in the treatment station 70. The polymer layer is applied with a hardness gradient, such that the hardness of the polymer layer increases substantially continuously with increasing depth as seen from the surface of the polymer layer. For this purpose, a first polymer layer based on a polymerizable acrylate system is applied in a first coating unit 71. Onto this polymer layer, a further polymer layer is applied wet on wet in station 72. The second polymer layer has exemplarily a higher content of double bonds, as described in detail in the aforementioned application for hardness gradient. The two polymer layers are applied in the stations 71 and 72 wet in wet such that a partial mixing takes place at the interface of the two layers. In station 73, the two polymer layers are cured jointly under exposure to UV radiation.
(15) Preferably, station 60 is a digital printing station and uses a printing ink based on a polymerizable acrylate. In this case, it is preferred that between stations 60 and 70, no curing of the printing ink takes place, but at best an intermediate drying step at which step some moisture is removed from the polymerizable acrylate of the printing ink. In the curing station 73, the printing ink and the first and second polymer layers are then cured together, resulting in a highly resistant surface.
(16) In FIG. 6 the application of an oil in aqueous dilution is provided with the coating station 50. Alternatively, or additionally, however, also stations for corona treatment or plasma treatment can be provided here. For example, a further station for corona treatment can be provided between station 40 and 50 and the application of an oil in aqueous dilution takes place after the corona treatment in station 50.
