Method for shaping rectangular wire coil heads

Abstract

A method for forming the heads of coils made of rectangular wire so that it fits within the slots of the stator of an electric machine. The method includes receiving a coil having unformed first and second heads separated by first and second legs and applying controlled deformation to yield properly shaped heads. Actuators are provided for causing sequential actuated movements of one of the first and second legs to force the head-forming elements into contact with different portions of the first and second heads while allowing selective free movements of the other leg in response to the actuated movements.

Claims

1. A method for forming first and second heads of a wire coil separated by first and second legs, the method comprising: gripping the first leg via a first leg gripper, wherein the first leg gripper comprises a first leg-receiving mechanism for receiving the first leg and a first leg-restraining mechanism; gripping the second leg via a second leg gripper including a second leg-receiving mechanism for receiving the second leg and a second leg-restraining mechanism so as force at least one of the first and second heads into contact with at least one head-forming element while simultaneously allowing free movement of the second leg towards the first gripped leg, wherein the second leg gripper is mounted to a support plate and wherein the second leg-restraining mechanism has an elongated wall sized for insertion in a U-shaped bracket of the second leg-receiving mechanism.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the wire coil is made of a rectangular wire.

3. The method of claim 2, comprising: selectively preventing movement of the second leg gripper towards the first leg gripper via a mechanical stopping mechanism when the second leg-restraining mechanism is in the second gripping position.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein movement of the mechanical stopping mechanism is actuated by a cylinder provided with a piston and wherein, when the cylinder is actuated, the piston extends and forces contact between a wedge head and a wedge portion of the support plate, preventing further movement of the support plate.

5. The method of claim 1, comprising: moving the second leg-restraining mechanism relative to a second leg support between a second resting position and a second gripping position that immobilizes the second leg in the second leg support.

6. The method of claim 1 comprising: moving one of first and second legs, wherein the movement is selected from a translation along a first axis, a translation along a second axis, a pivot about a third axis, or a sequence including at least two of the translation along the first axis, the translation along the second axis, and the pivot about the third axis.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second heads of the wire coil is forced into contact with a portion of the at least one head-forming element having at least one of a groove, a notch, and a thin wall.

8. The method of claim 1, comprising: immobilizing the first leg in the first leg-restraining mechanism via insertion of a single elongated wall of the first leg-restraining mechanism between an inner and outer wall of a bracket sized to receive the first leg of the coil.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second leg grippers is mounted to a frame via respective first and second mounting assembly mounted to the frame; the first mounting assembly including a first movable portion movably mounting the first leg gripper to the frame; the first mounting assembly further including a first actuator mounted to both the first movable portion and the frame for selectively moving the first movable portion relatively to the frame.

10. The method of claim 9, comprising selectively moving the first leg-restraining mechanism between a first resting position and a first restraining position via a leg-restraining actuator coupled to both the first leg-restraining mechanism and the first movable portion.

11. The method of claim 9, comprising selectively moving the second leg-restraining mechanism between a second resting position to a second restraining position via a leg-restraining actuator coupled to both the second leg-restraining mechanism and a second movable portion movably mounting the second leg gripper to the frame.

12. The method of claim 11, comprising limiting a range of motion of the corresponding one of the first and second movable portion relative to the frame via a stop.

13. The method of claim 11, comprising moving the first movable portion along a first axis and moving the second movable portion along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the first leg is forced onto a second head-forming element via a triangular shape projection defining an edge that extends downwardly from another head-forming element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) In the appended drawings:

(2) FIG. 1, which is labelled “Prior Art”, is a top plan view of a coil made of semi-rigid rectangular wire according to the prior art;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a multiple turn coil made of a semi-rigid rectangular wire before any head-forming operation is done to it;

(4) FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a head-forming machine according to an illustrative embodiment;

(5) FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the head-forming machine of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of the head-forming machine of FIG. 3;

(7) FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the head-forming machine of FIG. 3;

(8) FIG. 7 is a top perspective partly exploded view of the leg grippers of the head-forming machine of FIG. 3;

(9) FIG. 8 is a bottom exploded perspective view of the leg grippers of FIG. 7;

(10) FIGS. 9 to 15 are front elevation close up views of the head-forming machine of FIG. 3, illustrating the operation thereof;

(11) FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the coil of FIG. 2 after its heads having being formed by the machine from FIG. 3; and

(12) FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the formed coil of FIG. 16.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) Generally stated, the present disclosure is concerned with a head-forming machine to form the heads of coils made of relatively large rectangular wires. The resulting coils are configured to fit within the slots of the stator of an electric machine (not shown). The head-forming machine receives a coil having unformed heads and apply controlled deformations thereto to yield properly shaped heads. The coil of wire is semi-rigid so as to be self-supporting.

(14) FIG. 2 of the appended drawings illustrates a multiple-turn coil 10 having a first head 12, often referred to as a rotor side head, and a second head 14, often referred to as the terminal side head, both heads 12 and 14 being separated by straight legs 16 and 18 that are often referred to as coil sides. It is to be noted that the heads 12 and 14 of the coil 10 are generally coplanar, thus unformed.

(15) Turning now to FIGS. 3 to 6 of the appended drawings, a head-forming machine 20 will be described. As will become more apparent upon reading the following description, the head-forming machine 20 allows receiving and transforming a wire coil having one or many turns of wire.

(16) The head-forming machine 20 comprises first and second leg grippers 23 and 25, respectively mounted to a frame 22 via first and second mounting assemblies 24 and 26. The first and second leg grippers 23 and 25 include respective first and second leg-receiving mechanisms 38 and 74 and respective first and leg-restraining mechanisms 40 and 76.

(17) The first mounting assembly 24 includes a fixed portion 27 fixedly secured to the frame 22 and a movable portion 28 slidably mounted to the fixed portion 27 via corresponding sliding elements 30 and 32 (see FIG. 5).

(18) As can be better seen from FIG. 3, the movements between the fixed portion 27 and the movable portion 28 are actuated by a cylinder 34 mounted to the frame 22 and provided with a piston 36 connected to the movable portion 28. It is to be noted that an adjustable stop 37 (see FIG. 5) limits the range of translation of the movable portion 28 with respect to the fixed portion 27.

(19) As will now become more apparent, separating the leg support in the two leg grippers 23 and 25, and slidably mounting the movable portion 28 to the fixed portion 27, allow the relative movements of the two leg grippers 23 and 25 along a first direction. Moreover, as will be described hereinbelow in more detail, positioning head-forming elements along the path of the wire coil heads 12-14 during movement thereof will allow applying controlled deformation thereto.

(20) With references to FIGS. 4 and 5, the first leg-receiving mechanism 38 is fixedly mounted to the movable portion 28 of the first assembly 24 and the movable first leg-restraining mechanism 40 is slidably mounted to the movable portion 28 via corresponding sliding elements 42 and 44. A piston 46 of a cylinder 48 interconnects the first leg-restraining mechanism 40 to the movable portion 28 to selectively actuate the movements of the first leg-restraining mechanism 40. The first leg-restraining mechanism 40 is mounted to the movable portion for reciprocating movement between a resting position and a restraining position, by which it prevents the first leg 16 from moving in the first leg-receiving mechanism 38. The leg-receiving mechanism 38 and the leg-restraining mechanism 40 will be discussed in greater details hereinbelow.

(21) With reference now to FIG. 4 of the appended drawings, the second mounting assembly 26 includes a supporting table 54, which is slidably mounted to the frame 22 via corresponding sliding elements 50 and 52. A cylinder 58, provided with a piston 56, also interconnects the frame 22 and the table 54 to selectively actuate the sliding movements of the table 54 with respect to the frame 22. As is better seen from FIG. 5 of the appended drawings, two adjustable stops 60 and 62 limit the course of the table 54. As will be described hereinbelow in more detail, the sliding movement of the table 54 allows the relative movement of the two symmetrical leg grippers 23 and 25 along a second direction.

(22) A pivoting sub-assembly 72, which includes the second leg gripper 25, pivotally mounts the table 54 to the frame 22, thereby extending the range of movements between the first and second leg grippers 23 and 25. More specifically, the pivoting sub-assembly 72 is mounted to the table 54 via a shaft 68 secured to the table 54 via two pillow blocks 64 and 66. The shaft 68 defines a pivot axis 70.

(23) The second leg support 74 is fixedly mounted to the pivoting sub-assembly 72 and the movable second leg-restraining mechanism 76 is slidably mounted thereto via corresponding sliding elements 78 and 80. A cylinder 82 provided with a piston 84 actuates the movements of the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 with respect to the second leg support 74.

(24) As can be better seen from FIG. 4, an arm 86 is mounted to the end of the shaft 68 and is connected to the piston 88 of a cylinder 90 to thereby interconnect the arm 86 to the table 54. Accordingly, the cylinder 90 actuates the pivoting movement of the shaft 68 about the axis 70.

(25) A controller 92 is operatively connected to the various actuators of the machine 20 to control their operation. Furthermore, for safety reasons, two distanced start buttons 94 and 96 are provided to start the machine 20. An emergency stop button 98 is also provided.

(26) One skilled in the art will understand that the cylinders and pistons described hereinabove may be pneumatic or hydraulic. Also, other types of actuators can be used to actuate the mobile parts of the machine 20, including without limitations motors, belts and pulleys, etc.

(27) FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate in greater details the coil contacting portions of the first and second leg-receiving mechanisms 38 and 74 and of the first and second leg-restraining mechanisms 40 and 76.

(28) The first leg-receiving mechanism 38 includes a support plate 100 provided with apertures 102, designed to secure the support plate 100 to the first assembly 24, and smaller apertures 104 allowing elements to be mounted to the support plate 100.

(29) A flaring U-shaped bracket 106, configured and sized to receive the first leg 16 of the coil 10, is mounted to the support plate 100 via fasteners (not shown) secured to the apertures 104. The bracket 106 includes an inner wall 110 and an outer wall 112. The distance between the inner and outer walls 110 and 112 is such that the first leg 16 may be received therein in a snugly fit manner.

(30) The length and width of the bracket 106 is adapted to the length and width of the leg 16. The top portion of the bracket 106 is also flared to ease the insertion of the first leg 16.

(31) The first leg-restraining element 40 includes an elongated wall 41 that is configured and sized for insertion between the inner and outer walls 110 and 112 of the bracket 106 so as to contact the first leg 16 of the coil 10 therein. The wall 41 is integral and perpendicular to a first intermediary support plate 134 that includes apertures 136 that allows securing the intermediary support plate 134 to the movable portion 28 via a mounting plate 138 using fasteners (not shown).

(32) As will be described hereinbelow in more detail by way of reference to the operation of the machine 20, the wall 41 prevents adverse movements of the first leg 16 of the coil 10 during forming of its heads 12-14 by selectively restraining the leg 16 into the leg-receiving mechanism 38.

(33) The first leg gripper 23 further includes first and second head-forming elements 114 and 116, each secured to a respective raised portion 118-120 of the support plate 100. The raised portions 118 and 120 are positioned adjacent a respective longitudinal end of the U-shaped bracket 106.

(34) According to another embodiment (not shown), the raised portions 118 and 120 are omitted and the first and second head-forming elements 114 and 116 are configured and sized to yield the configuration and size of the combined elements they replace.

(35) The first leg gripper 23 also includes third and fourth head-forming elements 124 and 125, which are secured to the mounting plate 138 so as to be adjacent a respective longitudinal end of the wall 41. The elements 124 and 125 are further configured and sized to cooperate with the respective first and second head-forming elements 114 and 116 to restrain the movement and impart a predetermined form to a selected portion of the coil head 12 when the gripper 23 is closed onto the leg 16 of the coil 10.

(36) More specifically, the first head-forming element 114 includes a groove 121 and the third forming element 124 includes a wall 123 that is registered with the groove 121 when the first leg gripper 23 is closed. As will be described hereinbelow in more detail, this arrangement allows immobilizing a selected part of the coil head 12 during one of the head-forming steps.

(37) Moreover, each of the cooperating pairs of first and third head-forming elements 114 and 124 and second and fourth head-forming elements 116 and 125 defines a support flange against which a first half of the coil head 12 is pressed to cause a first controlled deformation thereof during relative movement of the first and second leg grippers 23 and 25. The fourth head-forming element 125 further includes a small triangular shape projection 129 defining an edge that extends downwardly from the element 125. As will become more apparent hereinbelow, the projection 129 defines a low contact front.

(38) The second leg-receiving mechanism 74 includes a support plate 126 and a flaring U-shaped bracket 128 mounted to the support plate 126. The bracket 128 includes an inner wall 141 and an outer wall 143. The top portion of the bracket 128 flares to facilitate the insertion of the second leg 18 and to cause the movement of the leg-receiving mechanism 74 as will be described hereinbelow. It is to be noted that the U-shaped bracket 128 is taller than the U-shaped bracket 106 of the first leg-receiving mechanism 38. As will be described hereinbelow in more detail, the two brackets are positioned and sized so that when their top openings are registered, the bottom of the bracket 128 is deeper than the bottom of the other bracket 106.

(39) As can be better seen from FIG. 8, the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 also includes an elongated wall 77 that is configured and sized for insertion in the U-shaped bracket 128. The wall 77 is integral and perpendicular to an intermediary support plate 140 that includes apertures 142 that allows securing the intermediary support plate 140 to the mounting plate 135 using fasteners (not shown).

(40) As will be described hereinbelow in more detail, the wall 77 allows preventing adverse movement of the second leg 18 of the coil 10 during forming of its heads 12-14 by selectively restraining the leg 18 into the second leg-receiving mechanism 74.

(41) Anyone or both of the first and second leg-restraining mechanisms 40 and 76 can have other adequate forms for this function.

(42) Turning briefly to FIG. 9 of the appended drawings, the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 is so mounted to the end of the piston 84 that it may move laterally onto corresponding sliding elements (not shown). A spring loaded return mechanism 81 ensures that the mechanism 76 returns to the position illustrated in FIG. 9 when not in use.

(43) The second leg-receiving mechanism 74 further includes fifth head-forming element 132 that is mounted to the support plate 126 so as to be adjacent one longitudinal end of the U-shaped bracket 106. The element 132 includes a groove 127 that acts as coil wire guide and restrainer.

(44) The support plate 126 is further provided with two parallel and distanced rectangular wedge portions 130 that extends from the main rectangular portion of the plate 126 on a side thereof, the reason of which will be described hereinbelow.

(45) The second leg gripper 25 further includes sixth and seventh head-forming elements 154 and 156 mounted to the plate 135 at opposite ends of the wall 77. Each of the head-forming elements 154-156 includes a respective protruding wall 158-160 that is provided with a notch 162. Each notch 162 defines a coil wire guide when the second leg gripper 25 is closed and the distal edges of the protruding walls 158 and 160 contact the support plate 126. The sixth head-forming element 154 is configured and positioned to cooperate with the fifth head-forming element 132 when the second leg gripper 25 is closed onto the second leg 18.

(46) The shape, size, position and number of the head-forming elements 114, 116, 124, 125, 132, 154 and 156 are configured to cause predetermined deformations of the coil heads 12 and 14 upon actuating the first and second leg grippers 25 and/or 23 and the first and second mounting assemblies 24 and 26.

(47) According to the first illustrative embodiment, the head-forming elements 114, 116, 124, 125, 132, 154 and 156 are removably mounted to a respective support 100, 126, 134 and 140 via fasteners. This allows adapting the machine 10 to other predetermined formation and/or differently shaped coil. According to another embodiment (not shown), the head-forming elements are secured to the support plates adjacent the U-shaped brackets 106 and 128 using other fastening means such as welding.

(48) According to still another embodiment (not shown), the first and second leg supports leg-receiving mechanisms 38 and 74 and first and second leg-restraining mechanisms 40 and 76 are shaped with integral head-forming elements.

(49) Other mechanisms or elements than U-shaped brackets can be used to receive and limit the movements of the wire coil legs.

(50) Turning now to FIGS. 9 to 15, the operation of the machine 20 will be described.

(51) Generally stated, the operation of the machine 20 includes gripping the two legs 16 and 18 of the coil 10 and moving the legs 16-18 relatively to head-forming elements for contact therebetween to cause the controlled and predetermined deformation of the heads.

(52) FIG. 9 illustrates the machine 20 immediately after the unformed coil 10 has been inserted in the flaring U-shaped brackets 106 and 128 of the first and second leg-receiving mechanisms 38 and 74. It is to be noted that, at this stage, the first and second leg-restraining mechanisms 40 and 76 are in their resting position wherein the first and second legs 16 and 18 are unrestrained respectively in the first and second leg-receiving mechanisms 38 and 74. Also, in this preliminary position of the machine 20, the top of the second leg-receiving mechanism 74 is generally level with the top of the first leg-receiving mechanism 38. Since the second leg flaring U-shaped bracket 128 is taller/deeper than the first flaring U-shaped bracket 106, the second leg 18, inserted in the second U-shaped bracket is unrestrained when the first leg 16 is positioned in the first U-shaped bracket 106. The second leg 18 is also prevented to sit at the bottom 164 of the first U-shaped bracket 106 by the first and second head-forming elements 114 and 116 and rests suspended therebetween.

(53) Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the first leg-restraining mechanism 40 is lowered (see arrow 146) under the action of the piston 46, placing the mechanism 40 in a gripping position. This movement is made possible via the corresponding sliding elements 42 and 44. As can be seen from this figure, the projection 129 forces and maintains a precise portion of the first leg 16 onto the second head-forming element 116. At the other end of the coil 10, the low contact wall 123 forces and maintain another portion of the first end 16 onto the head-forming element 114. In the same continuous downward movement, the wall 41 goes between walls 110 and 112 of the first U-shaped bracket 106, and abuts the first leg 16 to thereby force and maintain the first leg 16 at the bottom 164 of the first leg-receiving mechanism 38, causing first controlled deformation of the coil 10.

(54) As can be seen in FIG. 10, the second leg 18 being unrestrained by the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 when the first restraining mechanism 40 is moved towards the first leg-restraining mechanism 38, the above-described first deformations of the coil 10 does not cause any uncontrolled deformation to the coil 10.

(55) In the next step, illustrated in FIG. 11, the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 is lowered (see arrow 148) under the action of the piston 84. This movement is made possible via the corresponding sliding elements 78 and 80. As can be seen from this Figure, the second leg 18 abuts the inner wall 141 of the flaring U-shaped bracket 128. It will be understood that further downward movement of the leg-restraining mechanism 76 causes lateral movement of the second leg-receiving mechanism 74 towards the first leg-receiving mechanism 38, as illustrated by arrow 150, thanks to the contact between the second leg 18 and the inner wall 141. Accordingly, the alignment between the second leg 18 and the flaring U-shaped bracket 128 is not critical.

(56) We can also see in FIG. 11 that the coil head 14 is received in the notch 162 of the protruding wall 160. The same is true for the protruding wall 158 (not shown).

(57) FIG. 12 shows the further downward movement of the mechanism 76 (see arrow 148) until it reaches its gripping position. The contact between the coil heads and the notches 162 and the other head-forming elements causes controlled deformation of the coil head. It is to be noted that the second leg-receiving mechanism 74 is kept free to move towards the first leg-receiving mechanism 38 (see arrow 150) during the downward movement of the leg-restraining mechanism 76. As mentioned hereinabove, this movement is caused by the contact between the second leg 18 and the inner wall 141. This free movement ensures that there is no undesired deformation of the heads leading to a coil similar to the coil of the prior art (see FIG. 1). Indeed, by allowing the free movement of the second leg-receiving mechanism 74 during the movement of the leg-restraining mechanism 76, the distance between the legs 16 and 18 is changed according to the deformation of the heads, which prevents uncontrolled deformation as the one shown in the prior art of FIG. 1.

(58) A portion of the leg-restraining mechanism 76 including the second wall 77 is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 12 to illustrate an intermediate state of the leg restraining mechanism 76. In this intermediate state, the second wall 77 contacts the outer wall 143 of the U-shaped bracket 128 to thereby cause a lateral movement of the leg-restraining mechanism 76 (see arrow 152). One can note the elongation of the spring-loaded return mechanism 81. Accordingly, the alignment between the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 and the flaring U-shaped bracket 128 is not critical.

(59) The downward movement of the second leg-restraining mechanism 76 continues until the second leg 18 abuts the bottom of the flaring U-shaped bracket 128 and is restrained by the second wall 77 therein. At this point, which is illustrated in FIG. 13, the transversal position of the second leg gripper 25 is locked by a mechanical stopping assembly 165 including a cylinder 166, a piston 167 and a wedge head 168. Accordingly, when the cylinder 166 is actuated, the piston 167 extends (see arrow 131) and forces the contact between the head 168 and the wedge portion 130 of the plate 126, thereby preventing further movements of the plate 126 and of the elements of the second leg gripper mounted thereto.

(60) With reference to FIG. 14, the second assembly 26 is then pivoted with respect to the first assembly 24 (see arrow 170) under the action of the piston 88 of the cylinder 90 acting on the shaft 68 (see FIG. 4). This actuated movement of the second assembly 26 causes further controlled deformation of the heads 12 and 14 of the coil 10. Indeed, since the legs 16 and 18 are firmly secured between the receiving and restraining assemblies 38, 40, 74 and 76, the pivoting action causes the heads 12 and 14 to be deformed by their further contact with the first, sixth and seventh head-forming element 114, 154 and 156 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). As can also be seen from FIG. 14, the movement along the direction of arrow 170 causes the heads 12 and 14 to deform according to a wave-shape. Furthermore, this pivoting movement ensures that the legs 16 and 18 of the coil will conform to the angle of the slots of the stator (not shown) that will receive the legs.

(61) The last step in the deformation of the coil 10 is illustrated in FIG. 15. This last step includes the actuated movement of the second assembly 26 towards the first assembly 24 (see arrow 172). This movement is actuated by the piston 56 of the cylinder 58 (see FIG. 4). It is to be noted that the amplitude of the sliding movement of the second assembly 26 (see arrow 174) is limited by the adjustable stop 60 (see FIG. 3). As can be seen from FIG. 15, the movement along the direction of arrow 172 causes the heads 12 and 14 to deform so that the distance between the legs 16 and 18 is the adequate distance for the insertion into the slots of the stator (not shown). This deformation gives the heads 12 and 14 their final shape illustrated in FIG. 16.

(62) To remove the resulting formed coil 180 from the machine 20, the leg-restraining mechanisms 40 and 76 are returned to their original position. The formed coil 180 may then be removed from the leg-receiving mechanisms 38 and 74.

(63) As can be seen in FIG. 17, the heads 12 and 14 of the formed coil 180 are more precisely defined than the formed head from the prior art and the straight portions of the legs 16 and 18 are longer than the corresponding straight portions shown in the coil of the prior art (see FIG. 1).

(64) It is to be noted that the distances and angles of movement of the various elements of the machine 20 have been illustrated herein as examples only and are adjustable by the controller 92 and/or the various adjustable stops. Furthermore, the elements of the machine could be resized as required by larger or smaller coils.

(65) The head-forming elements can have other shapes and configurations than those illustrated so as to impart other forms to the heads 12 and 14. Moreover, different head-forming elements can be used for different portions of the heads 12 and 14.

(66) It is believed to be within the reach of a person skilled in the art to modify the machine 20 to allow for other or additional relative movements between head-forming elements 114, 116, 124, 125, 127, 154 and 156 and the heads 12 and 14 via the first and second leg support mechanisms 23 and 25.

(67) The first and second leg supports 23 and 25 can take other form than those illustrated allowing receiving and restraining the legs 16 and 18.

(68) Even though some elements of the machine 20 have been illustrated fastened using fasteners, other fastening means can be used including welding, clipping, etc.

(69) A machine for forming the heads of a semi-rigid wire coil is not limited to rectangular wires and can be used to form heads of semi-rigid wire coil formed from any wire having a cross section characterized by having two parallel faces.

(70) Although the machine for shaping rectangular wire coil heads and method therefor have been described hereinabove by way of illustrated embodiments thereof, it can be modified. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that the scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiment, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.