Crushing apparatus for crushing matertal to be crushed

Abstract

The invention relates to a crushing apparatus (1) for crushing material to be crushed, especially for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, with at least one crushing roller (2) that can rotate about an axis of rotation (3), at least one drive device (4) for driving the crushing roller (2), and a frame (5) for supporting and mounting the crushing roller (2) and the drive device (4). According to the invention, it is provided that the crushing roller (2) and the drive device (4) form a common assembly connected to at least one damping device (16), which is frictionally and/or elastically mounted in or on the frame (5).

Claims

1. A crushing apparatus configured to crush a material including at least one crushing roller that can rotate about an axis of rotation, at least one motor adapted to drive the crushing roller, and a frame to hold and support the crushing roller and the motor, wherein the crushing roller and the motor are supported by at least one damping device, the at least one damping device at least partially circumferentially surrounds the motor, the at least one damping device is mounted in or on the frame, the damping device is configured for movement of the crushing roller in one or more of an axial direction and in a radial direction of the axis of rotation, and the damping device includes a flexible damper arranged in a corresponding receptable of the frame.

2. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crushing roller is dampened on both sides.

3. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the damper is circular.

4. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the damping device comprises one or more of on its outer side and the receptacle comprises on its inner side facing toward the damper, a surface with an increased coefficient of friction greater than 0.4.

5. The crushing apparatus according to one claim 1, wherein the damper has a positive-locking connection to the receptacle, and the damper comprises on its outer side one or more of indentations and protrusions for engagement with corresponding indentations and/or protrusions on the inner side of the receptacle facing toward the damper.

6. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rigidity of the damper is automatically adjustable.

7. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the damper is a hollow body which can be filled with a medium.

8. The crushing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a measuring device is provided for measuring a pressure of the medium which is coupled to a control device, and the control device is coupled to one or more of a signal device, a disconnection device of the motor, and a filling device configured to fill or empty the hollow body.

9. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a connector is provided for the connection of the damper to the motor, wherein the connector comprises a flange plate for a torsionally rigid connection to the motor and a hollow cylindrical fastening area connected to the flange plate for the connection to the damper.

10. The crushing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein at least one fixation device is connected to one or more of the connector, the fastening area, and the flange plate in locking, torsionally rigid, manner, for the securing of at least the damping device.

11. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein to limit the axial and/or radial deflection movement of the crushing roller at least one end stop is provided.

12. The crushing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the end stop comprises a cylindrical end stop element and a corresponding hollow cylindrical or cup-shaped section for the engagement of the end stop element, wherein the end stop element is fastened on the inside to a supporting plate which is secured to the frame.

13. The crushing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one motor comprises a gearless motor.

14. The crushing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the gearless motor is a hydraulic motor, a radial piston motor, or an electric motor.

15. The crushing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the motor is associated with a hydraulic pump device for the hydraulic motor, wherein the motor is associated with a control device for the rotary speed setting of the crushing roller by controlling the oil flow supplied via the hydraulic pump device.

16. A crushing apparatus comprising: a crushing roller configured to rotate about an axis of rotation; at least one motor adapted to support and drive the crushing roller; a frame to hold and support the crushing roller and the at least one motor; and a damping device to isolate and decouple the at least one crushing roller and the at least one motor from the frame, wherein: the at least one motor is supported in the frame by the damping device, the damping device at least partially circumferentially surrounds the at least one motor, the damping device is mounted to the frame, the damping device is configured to allow movement of the crushing roller and the at least one motor in one or more of an axial direction and in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation, and the damping device includes a flexible damper.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the flexible damper is a ring or is circular.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the ring is attached to a seat of the frame.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a rigidity of the flexible damper is adjustable.

Description

(1) Further features, benefits, and application possibilities of the present invention will emerge from the following specification of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the drawings and from the drawings themselves.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a crushing apparatus according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a lateral sectional view of the crushing apparatus of FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a crushing apparatus according to the invention omitting various modules and components,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the crushing apparatus of FIG. 1,

(6) FIG. 5 shows an enlarged representation of detail A of FIG. 4,

(7) FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the invention,

(8) FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective representation of another embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the invention,

(9) FIG. 8 shows a schematic side view of the crushing apparatus according to the invention from FIG. 7,

(10) FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the crushing apparatus according to the invention from FIGS. 7 and 8,

(11) FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross sectional view of one part of another embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the invention,

(12) FIG. 11 shows a schematic perspective representation of another embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the invention and

(13) FIG. 12 shows a schematic side view of the crushing apparatus according to the invention from FIG. 11.

(14) There is shown a crushing apparatus 1 for the crushing of material (not shown) to be crushed. The crushing apparatus 1 may be either a mobile or a stationary device. The crushing apparatus 1 may be used in the field of recycling or that of waste processing. Other uses or applications of the crushing apparatus 1 are readily possible. The material to be crushed may be, for example, refuse of varying compositions and/or fractions. The crushing apparatus 1 in the exemplary embodiment shown comprises a crushing roller 2, which can rotate about a horizontal axis of rotation 3 in the exemplary embodiments shown or which rotates about the axis of rotation 3.

(15) It should be pointed out that the crushing apparatus 1 is not limited to the use of only one crushing roller 2. Basically, the crushing apparatus 1 may also have at least two crushing rollers arranged next to each other with parallel running axes of rotation and between which a roller gap is provided. The following remarks, which pertain to the use of only one crushing roller 2, may be applied accordingly to a crushing apparatus with at least two crushing rollers.

(16) In the embodiment represented with only one crushing roller 2, the crushing apparatus 1 comprises a drive device 4 in the area of each end of the crushing roller 2 for the driving of the crushing roller 2. Furthermore, a frame 5 is provided, serving for the supporting and mounting of the crushing roller 2 and the drive devices 4. The frame 5 is connected to a base plate 6, which may basically also have the shape of a frame. The actual housing-like frame 5 is placed on the base plate 6 and has side walls 7, 8 between which the crushing roller 2 is arranged. Between the side walls 7, 8 there is a hopper 9, into which a chute 10 empties. The feedstock is supplied above the chute 10, drops into the hopper 9, and is taken to the crushing roller 2. Moreover, a tilt-adjustable plate 10a is located in the hopper 9 on the side opposite the chute 10. The inclination of the plate 10a is adjusted according to the feedstock.

(17) Furthermore, the crushing apparatus 1 in the embodiments represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a conveyor 11, being in the present instance a belt conveyor. The conveyor 11 is adjustable by a tilting device. The feeding end of the conveyor 11 is located in the lower region of the frame 5 beneath the crushing roller 2, while the discharge end is led away from the frame 5 and protrudes lengthwise beyond the base plate 6.

(18) The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 lacks not only the base plate 6, but also the conveyor 11. Basically, it is possible for the frame 5 to be mounted on the subfloor, with a shaft able to be provided in the subfloor to take away the crushed material.

(19) Moreover, there are arranged on the crushing roller 2, distributed around its external circumference, a plurality of crushing tools 12, while a counter-comb 13 is provided in the frame 5 beneath the hopper 9. The crushing tools 12 mesh with the counter-comb 13, which provides corresponding slots 14 for the individual crushing tools 12. Between the slots 14, there are located counter-comb teeth 15. If a crushing tool 12 is situated in a slot 14 of the counter-comb 13, a distance between 2 mm and 10 mm is still provided between the respective crushing tool 12 and the adjacent counter-comb teeth 15.

(20) It is now provided in the crushing apparatus 1 that the crushing roller 2 and the end or face-side drive devices 4 are connected as a common assembly to a respective damping device 16, which in the present instance is mounted by friction-locking and elastically in or on the frame 5.

(21) In the embodiment shown, moreover, each of the drive devices 4 has a gearless motor 17, so that an overall very compact and small-sized design of the crushing apparatus 1 results, as is especially evident from FIGS. 4 and 5. The motor 17 in the present instance is a hydraulic motor in the form of a radial piston motor. The motor 17, as is especially visible from FIGS. 1 and 2, is coordinated with a hydraulic pump device 18, which in the present instance is driven by a Diesel motor 19. The hydraulic pump device 18 is connected by hydraulic hoses 20 to the motor 17.

(22) What is not shown is that the drive device or the motor 17 is coordinated with a control device for controlling the speed of the motor 17 and thus that of the crushing roller 2, wherein the control ultimately occurs by controlling the oil flow through the hydraulic pump device 18.

(23) As follows especially from FIGS. 3 and 4, the motors 17 are firmly connected to the crushing roller 2 and form a common assembly in the layout of motor—crushing roller—motor. For this, a respective attachment flange 21 is secured to, in the present case screwed onto, the output end of the motors 17. Basically, it is also possible for the motor housing to already have a corresponding attachment flange. The attachment flange 21 in turn is screwed together with the crushing roller 2, in the present case by an edge flange 22 of the crushing roller 2. The attachment flange 21 ultimately serves as an adapter to adapt the comparatively small motor 17 to the comparatively larger crushing roller 2. The fastening of the motors 17 does not differ on the two sides of the crushing roller 2. Thus, both motors 17 are fastened in the same way to the end face of the crushing roller 2.

(24) The structural unit formed by the crushing roller 2 and the motors 17, whose individual components are connected to each other in a torque-proof manner, protrudes in the area of the motors 17 through the two side walls 7, 8 of the frame 5. For this, corresponding openings 23, 24 are provided in the side walls 7, 8 respectively. A respective annular gap 25 is located between the outside of the motors 17 and the openings 23, 24. During the operation of the crushing apparatus 1 and/or the rotation of the crushing roller 2, the housings of the motors 17 have no contact with the side walls 7, 8. Deflection movements executed by the assembly as needed are therefore possible without any contact of the motors 17 with the side walls 7, 8.

(25) The crushing roller 2, including the end-face motors 17 connected to it in a torque-proof manner, is mounted in a damped manner on both sides, namely, by a damping device 16 provided on each side. The damping device 16 is configured on both sides in such a way that a movement of the crushing roller 2 is possible in the axial direction, i.e. in the direction of the axis of rotation 3, and in the radial direction, i.e. transversely to the axis of rotation 3.

(26) Each of the damping devices 16 comprises a flexible damping means 26 in the shape of a circular ring, arranged in a corresponding circular seat 27 by frictional or form fitting manner in the present case, but in any case with torsional rigidity. This shall be discussed further below. The seat 27 is part of the frame 5 or firmly secured to the frame 5.

(27) The damping means 26 in the present instance consists at least substantially of a natural rubber material, especially on its peripheral outer side, and comprises indentations 28 and protrusions 29. On the inner side of the seat 27 facing toward the damping means 26, the seat has protrusions 30 for engaging with the indentations 28 and indentations 31 for engaging with the protrusions 29, so that a form closure results from the corresponding indentations 28, 31 and protrusions 29, 30. Moreover, the seat 27 consists of metal, especially steel, so that a relatively large coefficient of friction results from the material pairing of the rubber of the damping means 26 and the steel surface. In order to achieve a coefficient of friction greater than 0.5 and especially greater than 0.6, one of the surfaces, i.e., either that of the damping means 26 and/or that of the seat 27, can be provided with a corresponding coating with increased coefficient of friction, although this is not illustrated. On the whole, however, the damping means 26 consists of an elastic material. Thus, the damping means 26 may have natural rubber as the base material, possibly with reinforcing material which is contained in the damping means 26.

(28) The damping means 26 is a fillable hollow body, with pressurized air intended for the filling of the hollow body in the present case. A different pressure medium can also be used, however. In the embodiment shown, the damping means 26 is designed as a kind of wheel tire, having an outer bearing surface 32, to which side cheeks 33, 34 are attached at the sides. At the inside, the damping means 26 is open, yielding a U shape in cross section. This shall be further discussed below.

(29) The mentioned configuration of the damping means 26 as a kind of wheel tire makes it possible to fill the damping means 26 with pressurized air even during the operation of the crushing apparatus 1, in order to increase the pressing force and thus the rigidity of the damping means 26, or to decrease it as needed. For the correct pressure setting and thus also the pressure corresponding to the rigidity setting, a measuring device is provided for measuring the pressure in the damping means 26. The measuring device comprises a sensor, not shown, which communicates with the inner space of the hollow damping means 26. If need be, the sensor may protrude into the inner space of the damping means. What is not shown is that the measuring device is coupled to a control device, which in turn is coupled to a signal device for emitting an optical and/or acoustical signal, a disconnection device for the drive devices 4, and/or a filling device for the filling and/or emptying of the damping means 26.

(30) The connection of the damping means 26 to the assembly produced from the two drive devices 4 and the rotationally secured crushing roller 2 is accomplished by a connection means 36. The connection means 36 is a rim-like body with an inner flange plate 37, which serves for the fastening/flanging of the outside of the motor 17. Furthermore, the connection means 36 has an exterior hollow cylindrical fastening area 38, which is joined toward the inside to the flange plate 37 and which is fashioned on its outside for connection to the damping means 26. For this, the fastening area 38 has a respective circumferential protrusion 39, 40 at its edge, against which the inner edges of the side cheeks 33, 34 rest on the inside and at the same time provide a seal in this location when the damping means 26 is filled with the pressure medium.

(31) Since the forces which occur during the operation of the crushing apparatus 1 and which act on the crushing tools 12 act through the respective drive device 4 on the damping means 26 and these forces are then transmitted to the respective seat 27, reinforcing cheeks 41 are provided on the outside to strength the seat 27, being fastened on the one hand to the seat 27 and on the other hand to the respective side wall 7, 8. This is evident in particular from FIG. 1.

(32) On the outside, the seat 27 is closed by a supporting plate 42, which is mounted on the seat 27. For the correct placement and fixation of the supporting plate 42, recesses 43 are provided on the supporting plate 42, engaging with associated reinforcing cheeks 41 by their end 44. Basically, of course, it is also possible to provide protrusions on the supporting plate 42, engaging with corresponding openings or recesses in the area of the seat 27. The supporting plate 42, moreover, has duct openings 45, 46 for the passage of the hydraulic hoses 20 for the motor 17 and a pressurized line 47, which is connected to a filling device for the damping means. In particular, this may be a pneumatic device for pressurized air supply of the damping device 16.

(33) On the inside of the supporting plate 42 there is located a cylindrical end stop element 48. Moreover, a hollow cylindrical or cup-shaped section 49 is fastened centrally to the flange plate 37. The center axis of the section 49 is located on the axis of rotation 3. The same holds for the arrangement of the end stop element 48, whose center axis is likewise located on the axis of rotation 3. The end stop element 48 protrudes into the section 49, with a free space remaining both at the end face and in the radial direction, each being smaller than the free spaces in the slots 14 between the crushing tools 12 and the counter-comb teeth 15. This ensures that the movement of the subassembly in the axial or radial direction does not result in the crushing tools 12 engaging with the counter-comb teeth 15.

(34) In addition or alternatively to the previously-described end stop means with the end stop element 48 and the section 49, an end stop protrusion 50 may be provided on the inside of one or both side walls 7, 8, pointing in the direction toward the attachment flange 21. The free space remaining between the end stop protrusion 50 and the attachment flange 21 is once again smaller than the free spaces in the slots 14 between the counter-comb 13 and the crushing tools 12 when the latter are moved through the counter-comb 13.

(35) During the operation of the crushing apparatus 1, the crushing roller 2 rotates with a given rotational velocity for a given rotary speed, which can be adjusted as needed via the motors 17. The material to be crushed, placed on the chute 10 and dropping into the hopper 9, is crushed by the crushing tools 12 in the area of the counter-comb 13. If the material to be crushed is very hard and cannot be crushed immediately, the damping device 16 makes it possible for the structural unit consisting of the crushing roller 2 and the motors 17 to perform a deflection movement in the axial and/or radial direction in regard to the axis of rotation 3, up to the maximum point that the respective end stop means becomes active. In regard to the end stop element 48 and the section 49, a movement is possible until the mutually facing end surfaces of the end stop element 48 and the section 49—with regard to the axial direction—touch each other, while in the radial direction an end stop will occur when the outside of the end stop element 48 bears against the inside of the section 49. Thanks to this limitation of the movement, the movement of the crushing tools 12 through the slots 14 of the counter-comb is not restricted. The load peaks which occur are dampened by the damping devices 16, that is, specifically by the respective damping means 26, and are conducted via the seat into the side walls 7, 8, insofar as the resulting energy is not converted into thermal energy in the area of the damping means 26.

(36) One must make sure that the damping means 26 is arranged torsionally rigid in the seat 27. In particular, one must make sure that the rigidity of the damping means 26 is chosen such that the protrusions 29, 30 and the indentations 28, 31 always engage with each other. The damping means 26 can then damp the resulting movements of the subassembly by virtue of the elasticity of the material of the damping means 26 or its rigidity.

(37) FIG. 6 shows a fixation device 52 which is firmly connected to the flange plate 37 and the connection means 36. In further embodiments, the fixation device 52 can be connected to the fastening area 38. Moreover, the fixation device 52 secures the connection means 36, the damping means 26 and the damping device 16 on the seat 27 and accordingly indirectly on the frame 5, so that the damping device 16, the damping means 26 and the connection means 36 are connected torsionally rigidly to the frame 5. A direct fastening of the fixation device 52 to the frame 5 is also possible in principle.

(38) The fixation device 52 is designed such that a torsionally rigid connection of the damping means 26 to the drive device 4 can be assured even under very large stresses.

(39) FIG. 9 shows that the fixation device 52 in the depicted embodiment comprises a fastening section 55 and an operating section 56. From the cross-sectional representation shown in FIG. 9, it is seen that the fixation device 52 has an angle-shaped cross section. The fastening section 55 in the depicted exemplary embodiment is firmly connected to the connection means 36. The operating section 56 is arranged at least indirectly on the frame 5. FIG. 7 shows that the operating section 56 interacts with the seat 27. Furthermore, FIG. 7 shows that the operating section 56 is mounted and secured with the supporting device 51, which is firmly connected to the frame 5. In other embodiments, the supporting device 51 may be configured as part of the seat 27 and/or be fastened to the frame 5 independently of the seat 27.

(40) In one embodiment (not shown), the operating section 56 of the fixation device 52 interacts directly or indirectly with the bearing wall 7, 8 of the frame 5.

(41) FIG. 8 shows that the supporting device 51 surrounds the lower half, which faces toward the base plate 6, of the damping means 26 or the seat 27. Instead of a supporting plate 42, the damping means 26 or the connection means 36 is enclosed at least in sections by the supporting device 51.

(42) A plurality of openings 53 are provided on the supporting device 51, or in other embodiments on the seat 27. The openings 53 serve for the mounting or fastening of the fixation device 52 and are accordingly designed to engage with screws.

(43) Furthermore, the fixation device 52 in the depicted exemplary embodiment comprises a connecting means 54, or a connecting means 54 is associated with the fixation device 52. The connecting means 54 likewise has openings corresponding to the openings 53 of the supporting device 51 and serves for the mounting of screws and for the fixation of the operating section 56 of the fixation device 52.

(44) A perspective view of the fixation device 52 is shown in FIG. 7. It is furthermore evident from FIG. 7 that the fixation device 52 can be situated at various positions on the seat 27 or on the supporting device 51. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fixation device 52 or the operating section 56 is situated at least substantially transversely or at a 90° angle to the cutting action of crushing tool 12 to counter-comb tooth 15. The specified angle pertains to a vertex point with regard to the axis of rotation 3 of the crushing roller 2.

(45) FIG. 8 shows that, starting from this 90° position, the operating section 56 of the fixation device 52 can be adjusted in a range of +/−45° relative to the 90° position which is shown in the depicted exemplary embodiments. Basically, the arrangement of the fixation device 52 or the operating section 56 in other embodiments that are not shown may vary in an angle range of 0° to 360°, with the 90° position being shown in the embodiments represented in FIGS. 6 to 9.

(46) Furthermore, in the embodiments per FIGS. 6 to 10, it is provided that the fixation device 52 is situated only in the lower half of the seat 27 or of the connection means 36. Ultimately, the fixation device 52 can be situated in any region of the seat 27 or the connection means 36.

(47) FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the fixation device 52, where a spherical contact surface is provided as the connecting means 54 and/or on the operating section 56. The fixation device 52—in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10—also serves as the torque bracket of the damping means 26. In this case, the connecting means 54 acts as an end stop, whereby the formation of the contact surface is not important.

(48) The fixation device 52 can ultimately be viewed as a backstop. The backstop or the fixation device 52, ultimately having the function of a claw or a clamping claw, is arranged firmly on the frame 5 and joined with torsional rigidity to the frame 5. The torsionally rigid connection of the fixation device 52 to the frame 5 is achieved by the torsionally rigid connection of the fastening section 55 to the connection means 36 and the interaction between the operating section 56 and the bearing wall 7, 8 of the frame 5.

(49) Furthermore, it is evident from FIGS. 10 and 11 that two fixation devices 52 are arranged on the seat 27. In the specific exemplary embodiment, the first, lower fixation device 52 is arranged in a 90° position with respect to the cutting action, while the fixation devices 52 make an angle of at least substantially 180° with each other and thus lie opposite each other.

(50) Furthermore, FIGS. 10 and 11 show that two supporting devices 51 are arranged on the frame 5 and/or the bearing wall 7, 8 and/or firmly joined to the frame 5. The operating sections 56 of the fixation devices 52 in the depicted exemplary embodiment are mounted on the supporting devices 51—in the specific exemplary embodiment joined with torsional rigidity to the supporting devices 51. The supporting devices 51 may be regarded as part of the seat 27 or in other embodiments as separate components.

(51) In the embodiment shown, the second, upper fixation device 52 is at least substantially identical in design to the first, lower fixation device 52. Furthermore, the first, lower fixation device 52 is at least substantially identical in design to the previously-described embodiment, which can be seen in FIGS. 6 to 9. Consequently, therefore, one may omit any further remarks in order to avoid repetition.

(52) Furthermore, FIG. 12 shows that both fixation devices 52 can be adjusted by arranging the connecting means 54 at other openings 53 of the respective supporting device 51 and connecting it by screws in positive-locking and/or force-locking manner to the supporting device 51.

(53) The fixation devices 52 can make an angle between 80° and 180°, in other embodiments between 140° and 180°, with each other. The mounting of the second fixation device 52 may even be changed by +/−100°, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.

(54) In embodiments that are not shown, a plurality of fixation devices 52 could be connected to the connection means 36 and mounted at least indirectly on the bearing wall 7, 8.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(55) 1 Crushing apparatus 2 Crushing roller 3 Axis of rotation 4 Drive device 5 Frame 6 Base plate 7 Side wall 8 Side wall 9 Hopper 10 Chute 10a Plate 11 Conveyor 12 Crushing tool 13 Counter-comb 14 Slot 15 Counter-comb tooth 16 Damping device 17 Motor 18 Hydraulic pump device 19 Diesel motor 20 Hydraulic hose 21 Attachment flange 22 Edge flange 23 Opening 24 Opening 25 Annular gap 26 Damping means 27 Seat 28 Indentation 29 Protrusion 30 Protrusion 31 Indentation 32 Bearing surface 33 Side cheek 34 Side cheek 36 Connection means 37 Flange plate 38 Fastening area 39 Protrusion 40 Protrusion 41 Reinforcing cheek 42 Supporting plate 43 Recess 44 End 45 Duct opening 46 Duct opening 47 Pressurized line 48 End stop element 49 Section 50 End stop protrusion 51 Supporting device 52 Fixation device 53 Openings of the supporting device 54 Connecting means 55 Fastening section 56 Operating section