Capacitive-deionization-type nutritive salt removal system and method for use in dam or weir
11274051 · 2022-03-15
Assignee
Inventors
- Hyun Sung Choi (Busan, KR)
- Seog Hyeon Ryu (Seoul, KR)
- Seong Ju Kim (Jinju-si, KR)
- Jang Yong You (Gyeonggi-do, KR)
- Seok Ho Choi (Anyang-si, KR)
Cpc classification
C02F1/008
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C02F1/52
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C02F2301/08
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Y02W10/37
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
C02F1/5281
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C02F1/50
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C02F2103/007
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C02F2201/008
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
International classification
C02F1/469
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C02F1/50
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Abstract
A capacitive-deionization-type nutritive salt removal system and method uses capacitive deionization (CDI) to remove nutritive salts that cause eutrophication of water due to a water-bloom phenomenon in water held by a dam or a weir. The system includes an intake pump configured to take in the water; a first nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter out nutritive salts from the taken-in water; a second nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to secondarily filter out nutritive salts from the primarily filtered water; and a nutritive salt storage tank configured to collect and store nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit. When one filter train is operating the first or second nutritive salt filtration unit, another filter train is subjected to automatic cleaning in a standby state.
Claims
1. A system using capacitive deionization (CDI) to remove nutritive salts from bloomed water held by a dam or a weir, the system comprising: a barge floated on a surface of water held by the dam or weir, the barge being of a type used in canals, rivers, or harbors and accommodating: a flocculation sedimentation unit coupled to an intake pump configured to take in the water held by the dam or the weir, the flocculation sedimentation unit configured to flocculate and precipitate sludge in the taken-in water; a sludge storage tank configured to store the flocculated and precipitated sludge; a cartridge filter unit configured to filter the taken-in water other than the sludge; a first nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter out nutritive salts from the water filtered through the cartridge filter unit, the first nutritive salt filtration unit comprising first and second filter trains for primary CDI, each of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter nutritive salts from the water filtered through the cartridge filter unit; a second nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to secondarily filter out nutritive salts from the nutritive salt concentrated water obtained from the first nutritive salt filtration unit, the second nutritive salt filtration unit comprising first and second filter trains for secondary CDI, each of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered in a capacitive deionization manner from the nutritive salt concentrated water obtained from the first nutritive salt filtration unit; a nutritive salt storage tank configured to collect and store the nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit; a clean water storage tank configured to store clean water resulting from filtration via each of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI and each of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI; a return pump coupled to the clean water storage tank and disposed above the surface of the water held by the dam or the weir, the return pump configured to return to the water held by the dam or the weir the clean water stored in the clean water storage tank and further configured such that the clean water stored in the clean water storage tank may be emitted outside the CDI-type nutritive salt removal system instead of being returned to the water held by the dam or the weir; a filtration controller configured to control operation of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI and to control operation of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI, the control of the operation of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI including placing one of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI in a standby state so as to be subjected to replacement; and a filtration-direction switch that is connected between the first and second nutritive salt filtration units and has a plurality of inlets connected to the first nutritive salt filtration unit and a plurality of outlets connected to the second nutritive salt filtration unit, the filtration-direction switch configured to receive, via one or more of the plurality of inlets, the nutritive salt concentrated water obtained from the first nutritive salt filtration unit, and configured to direct a flow of the nutritive salt concentrated water obtained from the first nutritive salt filtration unit to the second nutritive salt filtration unit by transferring the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water from the first filter train for primary CDI to one of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI depending on control of the filtration controller or transferring the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water from the second filter train for primary CDI to one of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI depending on control of the filtration controller, wherein the first nutritive salt filtration unit is configured such that, when the one of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI is placed in the standby state, a filtration operation by capacitive deionization is performed by a remainder of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI that are not in the standby state, and wherein the nutritive salt concentrated water that undergoes the filtration operation performed by the remainder of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI and that is received by the filtration-direction switch is supplied, via one or more of the plurality of outlets, to the second nutritive salt filtration unit.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control of the operation of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI includes placing one of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI in a standby state; and wherein the first nutritive salt filtration unit is configured such that, when the one of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI is placed in the standby state, a filtration operation by capacitive deionization is performed by a remainder of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI that are not in the standby state.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising: an operation controller, configured to enable input of an operation command for selective operation of the first filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) and the second filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) in the first nutritive salt filtration unit, and for selective operation of the first filter train for secondary capacitive deionization (CDI) and the second filter train for secondary capacitive deionization (CDI) in the second nutritive salt filtration unit.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a nutritive salt removal unit that comprises at least the first and second nutritive salt filtration units and is configured so that nutritive salts are filtered and removed in a capacitive deionization manner from the water filtered through the cartridge filter unit, wherein the capacitive-deionization-type nutritive salt removal system is provided in a form of a container that is mounted on the barge in order to remove nutritive salts from the dam or the weir containing the water having the water bloom therein, and wherein the barge further accommodates a power supply unit including at least one of a commercial diesel power generator and a solar cell in which solar energy is converted into electric energy.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the second filter train for primary CDI comprises a plurality of filter trains for primary CDI, the plurality of filter trains for primary CDI including an nth filter train for primary CDI; wherein the second filter train for secondary CDI comprises a plurality of filter trains for secondary CDI, the plurality of filter trains for secondary CDI including an nth filter train for secondary CDI; wherein the first nutritive salt filtration unit is configured such that nutritive salts are primarily filtered from the taken-in water in a capacitive deionization (CDI) manner through at least one selected from among the first filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) to the nth filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI); wherein the second nutritive salt filtration unit is configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered from nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) selected from among the first filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) to the nth filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI), in a capacitive deionization (CDI) manner through at least one selected from among the first filter train for secondary capacitive deionization (CDI) to the nth filter train for secondary capacitive deionization (CDI); wherein the filtration controller is further configured to control operation of the first to nth filter trains for primary CDI and to control operation of the first to nth filter trains for secondary CDI; and wherein the filtration-direction switch is further configured to switch a filtration direction so that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from at least one selected from among the first filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) to the nth filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) to at least one selected from among the first filter train for secondary capacitive deionization (CDI) to the nth filter train for secondary capacitive deionization (CDI), depending on control of the filtration controller.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising an automatic cleaning device, configured such that the taken-in water from the intake pump is subjected to automatic cleaning and to sterilization using a chemical storage part containing citric acid (C.sub.6H.sub.8O.sub.7) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in order to prevent a membrane fouling from occurring due to an organic material or an inorganic material in the taken-in water.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter train for primary CDI placed in the standby state is subjected to cleaning.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second filter trains for primary CDI has a first outlet connected to one of the plurality of inlets of the filtration-direction switch and a second outlet for discharging filtered water as clean water.
9. The system of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second filter trains for secondary CDI has a first outlet connected to a nutritive salt storage tank configured to collect and store in a form of a concentrated solution of nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit and a second outlet for discharging filtered water as clean water.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
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DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
(13) Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(14) In embodiments of the present invention, the term “nutritive salts” generally refers to salts which are to be removed from water, including those of silicon, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. in oceans, lakes, and rivers, and are also simply referred to as “nutrients,” including silicates, phosphates, nitrates, nitrites and the like.
(15) Nutritive salts are salts that are necessary for living organisms to function normally, constitute the bulk of marine algae and phytoplankton, and play a major role in sustaining life. The amount of nutritive salts in seawater affects the production of phytoplankton, which determines the production of zooplankton, which feeds on phytoplankton, which in turn regulates the production of fish, which feeds on zooplankton. In the sea, nutritive salts act in a manner similar to fertilizer applied to a paddy (rice field) on land.
(16) Generally, in plants, among the elements C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Ca, and Mg, which are the main elements of the mass thereof, elements other than C, H and O are ingested in the form of salts dissolved in water and are called macro elements. Gramineae or diatoms require Si, while fungi do not require Ca. Also, salts of Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, etc. as micro elements are required. Most of these are necessary for animals, but animals also consume large amounts of Na and Cl. Aquatic plants absorb salts from the surface of the bodies thereof, terrestrial plants mainly absorb salts from the roots thereof, and animals mainly take in salts as food.
(17) Nutritive salts are present in water in the form of ions such as nitrates (NO.sub.3.sup.−) and phosphates (PO.sub.4.sup.3−). In an embodiment of the present invention, the ions are adsorbed, through capacitive deionization, into ionic electrodes having opposite polarities and are thus separated, thereby removing nutritive salts from water. This process will be described in detail through the following examples.
(18)
(19) Referring to
(20) Specifically, the system 100 may be configured to include primary and secondary CDI modules in the form of a two-stage series circuit, thus enabling refeeding of concentrated water. Thereby, optimal recovery efficiency, whereby the produced water is greater than 80%, and the concentrated water is less than 20%, may be ensured.
(21) The intake pump 110 is a device configured such that water held by a dam or a weir is taken in, by which water may be taken in through a pipeline from the dam or weir using the rotational force of the pump.
(22) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may be a device configured such that nutritive salts are primarily filtered out of the taken-in water using capacitive deionization.
(23) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may include a first filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) 122 and a second filter train for primary capacitive deionization (CDI) 124, each of which uses capacitive deionization to primarily filter out nutritive salts from the taken-in water. In the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120, when the primary-CDI first filter train 122 is operating, the primary-CDI second filter train 124 is on standby and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning, which is a washing process for eliminating membrane fouling. Conversely, when the primary-CDI second filter train 124 is operating, the primary-CDI first filter train 122 is on standby and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(24) The second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 is a device configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered in a capacitive deionization manner from the nutritive salt water primarily separated through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120.
(25) The second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may be a device configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered out of the primarily filtered water, also through capacitive deionization. Here, the water supplied to the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 is nutritive salt water primarily separated through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120.
(26) The second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may include a secondary-CDI first filter train 132 and a secondary-CDI second filter train 134, each of which uses capacitive deionization to secondarily filter out nutritive salts from the primarily filtered water. The secondary-CDI first filter train 132 may be configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered, using capacitive deionization, from the nutritive salt-concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI first filter train 122. The secondary-CDI second filter train 134 may be configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered, using capacitive deionization, from the nutritive salt-concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI second filter train 124.
(27) Thus, the capacitive deionization (CDI) system according to the present invention may be realized with high efficiency in a manner in which nutritive salts may be continuously filtered through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 and the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130, thereby increasing the efficiency of removal of nutritive salts.
(28) Also, in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130, when the secondary-CDI first filter train 132 is operating, the secondary-CDI second filter train 134 is on standby and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling. Conversely, when the secondary-CDI second filter train 134 is operating, the secondary-CDI first filter train 132 is on standby and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(29) Both the first and second nutritive salt filtration units 120 and 130 perform automatic cleaning in a manner in which, when one device is operating and the other device is on standby, the device that is on standby may be subjected to automatic cleaning.
(30) The nutritive salt storage tank 140 is able to collect and store nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130.
(31) The first power supply unit 152 may supply power to the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120. Specifically, the first power supply unit 152 is capable of supplying power to each of the primary-CDI first and second filter trains 122 and 124. Likewise, the second power supply unit 154 may supply power to the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 and is capable of supplying power to each of the secondary-CDI first and second filter trains 132 and 134.
(32) Here, the first and second power supply units 152 and 154 may be provided in the form of AC/DC converters in which commercial AC power is converted into DC power, in the form of a battery in which DC power is charged and then supplied upon discharging, or in the form of a solar cell in which solar energy is converted into electrical energy which is then charged in order to supply power upon discharging. Alternatively, outputs of a commercial diesel power generator may be used as the first and second power supply units 152 and 154. In any event, each of the first and second power supply units 152 and 154 provides polar-opposite outputs for respective connection to capacitor electrodes (described later) installed in each of the primary-CDI and secondary-CDI first and second filter trains 122, 124, 132, and 134.
(33) The automatic cleaning device 160 may automatically clean the taken-in water and may perform sterilization using a chemical storage part containing citric acid (C.sub.6H.sub.8O.sub.7) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in order to prevent membrane fouling from occurring due to organic material or inorganic material in the water taken in using the intake pump 110. The automatic cleaning device 160 may include, for example, an acid container containing acidic water for cleaning, a dosing pump for adding acidic water, a controller for adjusting the acidity, a valve that opens and closes to adjust the flow of the acidic water to be added, and the like.
(34)
(35) Referring to
(36) The system 300 of
(37) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 is responsible for the same function as that of the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 shown in
(38) The filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may be configured such that the primarily filtered, nutritive salt-concentrated water may be transferred from the primary-CDI first filter train 322 to a secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or to a secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the control of a switching operation performed within the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(39) Also, the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may switch a filtration direction so that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI second filter train 324 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the switching control.
(40) The second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 may include the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334. Specifically, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 may receive the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water, transferred via the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 from the primary-CDI first filter train 322 or the primary-CDI second filter train 324, whereby nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered in a capacitive deionization manner using the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or the secondary-CDI second filter train 334.
(41) The filtration control unit 340 may be configured to control the operation of the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the primary-CDI second filter train 324, the operation of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, and the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(42) Depending on an input from a user or a computer, the operation unit 350 may be configured to select the operation of one of the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the primary-CDI second filter train 324 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 and to select one of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(43) The operation unit 350 may be configured to enable the input of an operation command which enables operation of either or both of the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the primary-CDI second filter train 324 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320. Similarly, the operation unit 350 may be configured to enable the input of an operation command which enables operation of either or both of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(44) The operation unit 350 may be configured to enable the input of a command in which, when one of the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 and the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 is operating, the operation of the other one is stopped so that automatic cleaning or replacement can be carried out.
(45)
(46) Referring to
(47) As such, the filtration control unit 340 is able to operate the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and to stop the operation of the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(48) Thus, the filtration control unit 340 controls the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 such that the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 are connected through switching.
(49) Accordingly, the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI first filter train 322 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(50) The secondary-CDI first filter train 332 is configured such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered in a capacitive deionization manner from the concentrated water transferred via the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 from the primary-CDI first filter train 322.
(51) Here, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(52) Furthermore, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the operation of which is stopped, may be replaced with other filter trains by a user (an operator).
(53) Referring to
(54) As such, the filtration control unit 340 is able to stop the operation of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and to operate the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(55) Thus, the filtration control unit 340 controls the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 such that the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 are connected through switching.
(56) Accordingly, the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI second filter train 324 to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(57) The secondary-CDI second filter train 334 is configured to secondarily filter nutritive salts in a capacitive deionization manner from the concentrated water transferred via the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 from the primary-CDI second filter train 324.
(58) Here, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(59) Furthermore, in the case where the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the operation of which is stopped, are both out of order, they may be replaced with other filter trains by a user (an operator).
(60) Referring to
(61) As such, the filtration control unit 340 is able to stop the operation of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and to operate the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(62) Thus, the filtration control unit 340 controls the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 such that the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 are connected through switching.
(63) Accordingly, the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI first filter train 322 to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(64) The secondary-CDI second filter train 334 is configured to secondarily filter nutritive salts in a capacitive deionization manner from the concentrated water transferred via the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 from the primary-CDI first filter train 322.
(65) Here, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(66) Furthermore, in the case where the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the operation of which is stopped, are both out of order, they may be replaced with other filter trains by a user (an operator).
(67) Referring to
(68) As such, the filtration control unit 340 is able to operate the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and to stop the operation of the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(69) Thus, the filtration control unit 340 controls the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 such that the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 are connected through switching.
(70) Accordingly, the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI second filter train 324 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(71) The secondary-CDI first filter train 332 is configured to secondarily filter nutritive salts in a capacitive deionization manner from the concentrated water transferred via the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 from the primary-CDI second filter train 324.
(72) Here, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(73) Furthermore, in the case where the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the operation of which is stopped, are both out of order, they may be replaced with other filter trains by a user (an operator).
(74)
(75) Referring to
(76) Here, the automatic cleaning device 160 may be used, such that the taken-in water is subjected to automatic cleaning or to sterilization using a chemical storage part in order to prevent membrane fouling due to organic material or inorganic material in the taken-in water. The automatic cleaning device 160 may implement cleaning in place, which enables automatic cleaning of the system 100, and may include a chemical storage part containing citric acid (C.sub.6H.sub.8O.sub.7) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).
(77) Next, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 is used, such that nutritive salts are primarily filtered from the taken-in water by capacitive deionization and are then transferred to the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 (S820).
(78) Specifically, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be primarily filtered from the taken-in water by capacitive deionization through the primary-CDI first filter train 122 or through the primary-CDI second filter train 124.
(79) Here, the process of capacitive deionization is detailed in
(80) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may be used, such that, when the primary-CDI first filter train 122 is operating, the primary-CDI second filter train 124 is on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(81) Furthermore, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may be used, such that, when the primary-CDI second filter train 124 is operating, the primary-CDI first filter train 122 is on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(82) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may operate using power supplied from the first power supply unit 152, whereby nutritive salts may be primarily filtered by capacitive deionization from the water taken in using the intake pump 110.
(83) Next, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 is used, such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 (S830).
(84) Specifically, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI first filter train 122, by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI first filter train 132.
(85) Also, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI second filter train 124, by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI second filter train 134.
(86) As such, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may be used, such that, when the secondary-CDI first filter train 132 is operating, the secondary-CDI second filter train 134 is on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(87) Furthermore, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may be used, such that, when the secondary-CDI second filter train 134 is operating, the secondary-CDI first filter train 132 is on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(88) The second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 may operate using power supplied from the second power supply unit 154, whereby nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120.
(89) Next, the nutritive salt storage tank 140 is used, such that nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 are collected and stored (S840).
(90) Thus, the nutritive salts, collected and stored in the nutritive salt storage tank 140, may be sold in the form of concentrated water containing nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) to manufacturers for producing a fertilizer material, such as Namhae Chemical, etc., and may be transported using a transport vehicle.
(91)
(92) Referring to
(93) The flow channel 911 is a passage through which inflowing water, such as wastewater or seawater, requiring desalination treatment, is introduced from the outside using the intake pump 110 and flows.
(94) The anion exchange membrane 912a and the cation exchange membrane 912b may function to selectively pass ions in the inflowing water and simultaneously to prevent co-ions from being released to the inflowing water.
(95) The anode current collector 913a and the cathode current collector 913b are electrically connected to the first power supply unit 152 or to the second power supply unit 154 such that a voltage is applied to the flow electrode 14.
(96) The anode current collector 913a and the cathode current collector 913b may be formed of a material including a graphite sheet, a graphite foil, or a metal, a metal mixture or a metal alloy selected from the group consisting of Cu, Al, Ni, Fe, Co and Ti.
(97) The flow electrode 914 functions such that ions introduced via the ion exchange membrane from the inflowing water are adsorbed using electrostatic attraction and are removed while flowing through the flow channel between the ion exchange membrane and the current collector.
(98) The electrodes for the anode current collector 913a and the cathode current collector 913b may be composed of a slurry comprising an electrode active material and an electrolyte, which are mixed together. The electrode active material may include an activated carbon-based material, such as activated carbon powder, activated carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogel or mixtures thereof, and is preferably provided in the form of a powder, and more preferably an activated carbon powder. The electrode active material may have a specific surface area of 1900 m.sup.2/g or more. To increase the specific surface area and the electrode capacitance, the average particle size of the electrode active material in the present invention may be 10 μm or less, and preferably 7.5 to 8.5 μm, but is not limited to this size.
(99) In the present invention, the electrode active material is preferably contained in an amount of 75 to 85 wt % based on the total weight of the electrode slurry. If the amount of the electrode active material is less than 75 wt %, sufficient desalination effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of the electrode active material exceeds 85 wt %, the relative amounts of the binder, solvent and other additives may be decreased, making it impossible to prepare an electrode slurry having desired properties.
(100) The electrolyte may include a water-soluble electrolyte, such as NaCl, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, HCl, NaOH, KOH, or Na.sub.2NO.sub.3, and an organic electrolyte, such as propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
(101) As shown in
(102) In the capacitive deionization according to the present invention, when a voltage is applied within a potential range within which no electrolysis reaction of water occurs, electric charges having predetermined magnitudes are applied to the electrodes. When brine containing ions is passed through the electrically charged electrodes, ions having electric charges opposite those of the electrically charged electrodes are moved to the respective electrodes by electrostatic force and are thus adsorbed in electrode surfaces, and water passing through the electrodes becomes desalinated water having no ions.
(103) As shown in
(104) As such, since the amount of ions absorbed by the electrodes is determined depending on the capacitance of the electrodes used, the electrodes used for capacitive deionization are typically porous carbon electrodes having a large specific surface area.
(105) When the electrode surfaces of the anode current collector 913a and the cathode current collector 913b are adsorbed with the ionic material and are thus saturated, ions cannot be further adsorbed.
(106) Meanwhile, when the adsorption capacity of the electrodes is saturated, ions cannot be further adsorbed, and thus all the ions of the inflowing water are released into the outflowing water. In order to desorb the ions adsorbed to the electrodes, when the electrodes are subjected to shorting or a potential opposite the adsorption potential is applied to the electrodes, the electrodes lose their charges or have opposite charges, and the adsorbed ions are rapidly desorbed and the electrodes are regenerated.
(107) Specifically, anions (−) adsorbed to the anode current collector 913a are desorbed from the anode current collector 913a, and cations (+) adsorbed to the cathode current collector 913b are desorbed by the cathode current collector 913b.
(108) Therefore, cations (+) and anions (−), that is, nutritive salts, are moved along the flow electrode 914, thereby separating and removing the nutritive salts from the taken-in inflowing water.
(109)
(110) Referring to
(111) Specifically, the intake pump 110 is used, such that water is drawn and taken in through a pipeline, etc. using rotational force from a dam or a weir.
(112) Here, water may be taken in by the intake pump 110 under the condition that the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 is switched as follows. For example, switching may be carried out such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI first filter train 322 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, or such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the primary-CDI second filter train 324 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334.
(113) As such, when a command that selects the operation of the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 and the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 is input through the operation unit 350, the filtration control unit 340 controls the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 based on the input command, and the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may switch the filtration direction as described above depending on the control of switching using the filtration control unit 340. Specifically, the operation unit 350 may be configured to enable input of an operation command which enables operation of either or both of the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the primary-CDI second filter train 324 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320. Furthermore, the operation unit 350 may be configured to enable input of an operation command which enables operation of either or both of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330.
(114) Also, the operation unit 350 may be configured to enable input of a command in which, when one of the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the primary-CDI second filter train 324 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 is operating, the operation of the other one is stopped such that automatic cleaning or replacement is carried out.
(115) Also, the operation unit 350 may be configured to enable input of a command in which, when one of the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 is operating, the operation of the other one is stopped such that automatic cleaning or replacement is carried out.
(116) Next, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 is used, such that nutritive salts are primarily filtered from the taken-in water by capacitive deionization through the primary-CDI first filter train 322 or the primary-CDI second filter train 324 (S1020).
(117) As such, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 is responsible for primarily filtering the nutritive salts by the capacitive deionization shown in
(118) Here, when the primary-CDI first filter train 322 performs the primary filtration of nutritive salts by capacitive deionization, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 may be subjected to automatic cleaning, or may be replaced with another filter train, while its operation is stopped.
(119) Also, when the primary-CDI second filter train 324 performs the primary filtration of nutritive salts by capacitive deionization, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 may be subjected to automatic cleaning, or may be replaced with another filter train, while its operation is stopped.
(120) Next, the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 is switched such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water is transferred from the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320 to the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 (S1030).
(121) Specifically, the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may be used, such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water may be transferred from the primary-CDI first filter train 322 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the switching control.
(122) Also, the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may be used, such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water may be transferred from the primary-CDI second filter train 324 to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the switching control.
(123) Next, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 is used, such that nutritive salts are secondarily filtered from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily separated through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320, by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 or the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 (S1040).
(124) Specifically, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 secondarily filters nutritive salts by the capacitive deionization shown in
(125) Here, when the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 are operating, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling. Membrane fouling is a phenomenon by which a membrane is clogged due to pollutants in inflowing water upon membrane filtration, and causes the deterioration of membrane performance due to external factors, not deterioration of the membrane filtration performance of the membrane itself. Briefly, membrane fouling means that the membrane is clogged by the solute introduced thereto.
(126) When the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 are operating, the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI first filter train 322 is transferred to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310, and nutritive salts are secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI first filter train 332.
(127) As such, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 or the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, which is not operating, may be replaced with another filter train.
(128) Also, when the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 are operating, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling.
(129) When the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 are operating, the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI second filter train is transferred to the secondary-CDI second filter train depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit, and nutritive salts are secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI second filter train.
(130) As such, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 or the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 may be replaced with another filter train.
(131) Also, in the case where the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI first filter train 322 is transferred to the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 and also where nutritive salts are secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 and the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling. With its operation stopped, the primary-CDI second filter train 324 or the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 may be replaced with another filter train.
(132) Furthermore, in the case where the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily filtered through the primary-CDI second filter train 324 is transferred to the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 depending on the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 and also where nutritive salts are secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization through the secondary-CDI first filter train 332, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334, the operation of which is stopped depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 340, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling. With its operation stopped, the primary-CDI first filter train 322 or the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 may be replaced with another filter train.
(133) Next, the nutritive salt storage tank 140 collects and stores nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330 (S1050).
(134) Accordingly, when using the primary-CDI first filter train 322 and the primary-CDI second filter train 324 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 320, and when using the secondary-CDI first filter train 332 and the secondary-CDI second filter train 334 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 330, the efficiency of removal of nutritive salts such as nitrate (NO.sub.3) or phosphate (PO.sub.4.sup.3−) dissolved in rivers relative to the supplied river flow rate (2.5 t/h) may be improved to 75% or more.
(135)
(136) Referring to
(137) Also, the system 1100 may include a filtration-direction-switching unit 1110, a first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120, a second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130, a filtration control unit 1140, and an operation unit 1150.
(138) Here, the system 1100 may further include an intake pump 110, a first power supply unit 152, a second power supply unit 154, a nutritive salt storage tank 140 and an automatic cleaning device 160, which are responsible for the same functions as those shown in
(139) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 is responsible for the same function as that of the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 shown in
(140) Specifically, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 may be configured such that at least one filter train is selected from among the primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to the primary-CDI nth filter train 1126 depending on the control of operation of the filtration control unit 1140, and also such that nutritive salts are primarily filtered from the water taken in using the intake pump 110, by capacitive deionization through the filter train selected from among the primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to the primary-CDI nth filter train 1126, and may then be transferred to the filtration-direction-switching unit 1110.
(141) The filtration-direction-switching unit 1110 may be configured such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water may be transferred from the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 to at least one filter train selected from among a secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to a secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136 depending on the switching control.
(142) The second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 may include the secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to the secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136. Thus, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 may receive the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water, transferred via the filtration-direction-switching unit 1110 from at least one filter train selected from among the primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to the primary-CDI nth filter train 1126, whereby nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization through at least one filter train selected from among the secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to the secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136.
(143) The filtration control unit 1140 may control the operation of at least one of the primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to the primary-CDI nth filter train 1126.
(144) Also, the filtration control unit 1140 may control the operation of at least one of the secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to the secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136.
(145) Furthermore, the filtration control unit 1140 may control the switching of the filtration-direction-switching unit 310.
(146) The operation unit 1150 may be configured to select the operation of at least one of the primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to the primary-CDI nth filter train 1126 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 depending on input made by a user.
(147) Also, the operation unit 1150 may be configured to select the operation of at least one of the secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to the secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 depending on input made by a user.
(148) Also, the operation unit 1150 may be configured to enable the input of an operation command which enables operation of at least one of the primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to the primary-CDI nth filter train 1126 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120.
(149) Also, the operation unit 1150 may be configured to enable the input of an operation command which enables operation of at least one of the secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to the secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136 in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130.
(150) Furthermore, the operation unit 1150 may be configured to enable the input of a command in which, when at least one filter train is operating in the first and second nutritive salt filtration units 1120 and 1130, the operation of the remaining filter trains is stopped such that automatic cleaning or replacement can be carried out.
(151)
(152) Referring to
(153) Specifically, the system 1200 may be provided in the form of a container that is able to move on land, and the intake pump 110, the flocculation sedimentation unit 1210, the cartridge filter unit 1220, the nutritive salt removal unit 1230, the nutritive salt storage tank 140, the sludge storage tank 1240, the clean water storage tank 1250, and the return pump 1260 may be configured in the form of a single container.
(154) Also, one component may be provided in the form of a single container, or multiple components may be provided together in the form of a single container.
(155) The intake pump 110 is configured such that water is taken in through a pipeline using rotational force from a dam or a weir 10, and is the same as that shown in
(156) The flocculation sedimentation unit 1210 is configured such that sludge is flocculated and precipitated in the taken-in water.
(157) The cartridge filter unit 1220 is configured such that the taken-in water, other than the sludge, is filtered through a filter material.
(158) The nutritive salt removal unit 1230 is configured such that nutritive salts are filtered by the capacitive deionization shown in
(159) Here, the nutritive salt removal unit 1230 may include a first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 and a second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 as shown in
(160) The first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 is configured such that nutritive salts may be primarily filtered by capacitive deionization from the water filtered through the cartridge filter unit 1220. The second nutritive salt filtration unit 130 is configured such that nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered by capacitive deionization from the nutritive salt water primarily separated through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120.
(161) Here, the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120 may include a primary-CDI first filter train 122 and a primary-CDI second filter train 124 as shown in
(162) The nutritive salt storage tank 140 collects and stores the nutritive salts filtered through the nutritive salt removal unit 1230, identically to what is shown in
(163) The sludge storage tank 1240 collects and stores the flocculated and precipitated sludge. The sludge thus collected and stored may then be used as compost or as a fertilizer material.
(164) The clean water storage tank 1250 is able to store clean water resulting from primary filtration of nutritive salts through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 120, and is also able to store clean water resulting from secondary filtration of nutritive salts through the second nutritive salt filtration unit 130.
(165) The return pump 1260 is able to emit the clean water stored in the clean water storage tank 1250 to the outside or to return the clean water to the dam or weir 10.
(166) In addition to the aforementioned configuration shown in
(167) Also, in
(168) Also, in
(169) Also, in the nutritive salt removal unit 1230 of
(170) Also, in
(171) Also, in
(172)
(173) Referring to
(174) The land-transport-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1200 shown in
(175) Here, an intake pump 110, a flocculation sedimentation unit 1210, a cartridge filter unit 1220, a nutritive salt removal unit 1230, a nutritive salt storage tank 140, a sludge storage tank 1240, a clean water storage tank 1250, and a return pump 1260 may be configured in the form of a single container.
(176) Also, one device may be provided in the form of a single container, or multiple devices may be provided together in the form of a single container.
(177) Next, the intake pump 110 may be used, such that water is drawn and taken in through a pipeline using rotational force from a dam or a weir (S1320).
(178) Next, the nutritive salt removal unit 1230 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be primarily filtered from the taken-in water by capacitive deionization through at least one filter train among a primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to a primary-CDI nth filter train 1126 in a first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 (S1330).
(179) Next, the primarily filtered clean water may be stored in a clean water storage tank 1240 (S1340).
(180) Next, the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may be switched such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water may be transferred from the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 to a second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 (S1350).
(181) Next, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily separated through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120, by capacitive deionization through at least one secondary-CDI filter train among a secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to an secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136 (S1360).
(182) Next, the secondarily filtered clean water may be stored in the clean water storage tank 1240 (S1370).
(183) Next, the nutritive salt storage tank 140 is able to collect and store the nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit (S1380).
(184) Thus, the land-transport-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system may be mounted on a vehicle and moved to a location near a dam or a weir, whereby nutritive salts attributable to water blooms occurring in the dam or weir may be removed.
(185) Moreover, the land-transport-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1200 has a compact structure, and thus has excellent movability on land and a very small footprint, meaning the shape and area of the bottom surface required for mounting of the system.
(186) Also, concentrated water having high concentrations of N and P produced through a desalination process by capacitive deionization using the land-transport-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1200 may be sold to manufacturers for producing a fertilizer material.
(187) Meanwhile, the land-transport-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1200 according to even still another embodiment of the present invention is disposed within a predetermined distance from the dam or weir (S1310), after which, in the configuration shown in
(188)
(189) Referring to
(190) Here, the ship 1410 may include a flat-bottom freight carrier, a barge, etc., of the type used in canals, rivers and harbors.
(191) Also, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 may be provided in the form of a container that is placed or mounted on the ship 1410, and may be configured to include an intake pump 110, a flocculation sedimentation unit 1421, a cartridge filter unit 1422, a nutritive salt filtration unit 1423, a nutritive salt storage tank 140, a sludge storage tank 1424, a clean water storage tank 1425, a return pump 1426, and a power supply unit 1427.
(192) The intake pump 110 is configured such that water is taken in through a pipeline using rotational force from a dam 10 or a weir 10, and is the same as that shown in
(193) The flocculation sedimentation unit 1421 is configured to flocculate and precipitate sludge in the taken-in water.
(194) The cartridge filter unit 1422 is configured to filter the taken-in water, other than the sludge, through a filter material.
(195) The nutritive salt filtration unit 1423 is configured to filter nutritive salts by the capacitive deionization shown in
(196) Here, the nutritive salt filtration unit 1423 may include a first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 and a second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130, identically to what is shown in
(197) The nutritive salt storage tank 140 may be configured to collect and store the nutritive salts filtered through the nutritive salt filtration unit 1423.
(198) The sludge storage tank 1424 may be configured to collect and store the sludge that is flocculated and precipitated. The sludge thus collected and stored may then be used as compost or as a fertilizer material.
(199) The clean water storage tank 1425 is able to store clean water resulting from primary filtration of nutritive salts through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120, and is also able to store clean water resulting from secondary filtration of nutritive salts through the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130.
(200) The return pump 1426 is responsible for emitting the clean water stored in the clean water storage tank 1425 to the outside or for returning the clean water to the dam or weir 10.
(201) The power supply unit 1427 may be provided in the form of a solar cell in which solar energy is converted into electric energy which is then charged in order to supply power upon discharging. The power supply unit 1427 may be exemplified by a commercial diesel power generator.
(202) Also, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 may further include a filtration-direction-switching unit 1110, a filtration control unit 1140 and an operation unit 1150, identically to what is shown in
(203) Also, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 may further include a first power supply unit 152, a second power supply unit 154, and an automatic cleaning device 160, identically to what is shown in
(204) Also, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 may be configured such that one component therein may be provided in the form of a single container, or such that multiple components may be provided together in the form of a single container.
(205) Also, in the nutritive salt removal container 1420, the nutritive salt filtration unit 1423 may be configured such that, when one filter train is operating, the remaining filter trains are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning for eliminating membrane fouling, like the nutritive salt filtration unit 1230 of
(206) Specifically, when at least one filter train in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 is operating, the remaining filter trains, which are not operating, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning, or may be replaced with other filter trains by a worker.
(207) Also, when at least one filter train in the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 is operating, the remaining filter trains, which are not operating, are on standby, and may thus be subjected to automatic cleaning, or may be replaced with other filter trains by a worker.
(208) Also, in
(209) Also, in
(210)
(211) Referring to
(212) Specifically, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 shown in
(213) Here, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 may include an intake pump 110, a flocculation sedimentation unit 1421, a cartridge filter unit 1422, a nutritive salt removal unit 1423, a nutritive salt storage tank 140, a sludge storage tank 1424, a clean water storage tank 1425, and a return pump 1426, and may thus be provided in the form of a single container.
(214) Also, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 may be configured such that one device may be provided in the form of a single container, or such that multiple devices may be provided in the form of a single container.
(215) Next, the intake pump 110 may be used, such that water is drawn and taken in through a pipeline using rotational force from a dam or a weir (S1520).
(216) Next, the nutritive salt filtration unit 1423 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be primarily filtered from the taken-in water by capacitive deionization through at least one filter train among a primary-CDI first filter train 1122 to a primary-CDI nth filter train 1126 in the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 (S1530).
(217) Next, the primarily filtered clean water may be stored in the clean water storage tank 1425 (S1540).
(218) Next, the filtration-direction-switching unit 310 may be switched such that the primarily filtered nutritive salt concentrated water may be transferred from the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120 to the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 (S1550).
(219) Next, the second nutritive salt filtration unit 1130 may be used, such that nutritive salts may be secondarily filtered from the nutritive salt concentrated water primarily separated through the first nutritive salt filtration unit 1120, by capacitive deionization through at least one secondary-CDI filter train among a secondary-CDI first filter train 1132 to an secondary-CDI nth filter train 1136 (S1560).
(220) Next, the secondarily filtered clean water may be stored in the clean water storage tank 1425 (S1570).
(221) Next, the nutritive salt storage tank 140 is able to collect and store the nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit (S1580).
(222) Therefore, the ship-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system is configured such that the nutritive salt removal container 1420 is mounted on the ship 1410 to thus remove nutritive salts due to water blooms while moving on the surface of water held by the dam or weir 10. As such, green algae may be collected and removed by means of hooks or the like on the ship 1410 by a user.
(223) Meanwhile, in the ship-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1400 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the nutritive salt removal container 1420 is mounted in the configuration as shown in
(224) Also, in the ship-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1400, a solar collector is provided on a barge, etc. and may thus be used as a power source for the capacitive deionization (CDI) system.
(225) Also, the ship-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1400 is capable of minimizing the generation of water blooms by removing nutritive salts while three or four ships on which the nutritive salt removal container 1420 is mounted are moving on the water of the dam or weir 10 during the summer (a period ranging from June to August), during which water blooms frequently occur.
(226) Also, the ship-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1400 may be configured to include primary and secondary capacitive deionization (CDI) modules in the form of a two-stage series circuit, thereby removing particles and colloidal materials from the water.
(227) Moreover, concentrated water having high concentrations of N and P produced through a desalination process by capacitive deionization using the ship-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system 1400 may be sold to manufacturers for producing a fertilizer material.
(228) As described hereinbefore, according to the present invention, the system for removing nutritive salts that cause eutrophication of water due to water blooms of a body of water held by a dam or a weir by capacitive deionization may be provided in the form of a land transport container, and may thus be moved to a place requiring the removal of nutritive salts using a vehicle, whereby the nutritive salts may be rapidly removed, ultimately preventing water pollution and the ecosystem of the body of water from being destroyed through the use of the land-transport-container-shaped nutritive salt removal system and method.
(229) Although embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. Thus, the embodiments described above should be understood to be non-limiting and illustrative in every way. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.