CASELESS AMMUNITION FOR FIREARM AND THE MECHANISM FOR THE EXTRACTION OF CASELESS AMMUNITION
20220113122 · 2022-04-14
Inventors
- Georgii Georgiiovych Makarov (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Hlib Georgiiovych Makarov (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Kostiantyn Okrevych Trypolskyi (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Serhii Anatoliiovych Babenko (m. Dnipro, UA)
- Sergii Pavlovych Zibrov (m. Kyiv, UA)
- Oleksiy Oleksandrovych Sharkov (m. Kyiv, UA)
Cpc classification
F42B5/182
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F42B5/18
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F41A15/16
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
International classification
F42B5/18
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F41A15/16
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Abstract
A mechanism for extraction caseless ammunition, the mechanism for extraction including a receiver (84) interacting with the lid of the receiver (85); lock frame (86) which interacts with the lid of the receiver; bolt (88) made in the lock frame; a conical bushing (93) installed inside the bolt through the firing pin (89); an extractor (95), wherein lock frame is made with a front ledge (87); on the front end of the firing pin the conical part (90) is made; conical bushing (93) is made with interior ledges (94); a shaft (103) with a circular groove (104); the rear part (102) passes into the lower ledge (106) which has a front inclined area (107) and a rear horizontal area (108) and the lower ledge (106) passes into the upper ledge (109) which has a front inclined area (110), an upper horizontal area (111) and a rear inclined area (112).
Claims
1. The mechanism for extraction careless ammunition, that comprises a shell, the propellant (solid, liquid, gas) of flammable material which is placed in the shell chamber, and an igniter block, wherein the shell body is made with a cylindrical part (25), which passes into an inclined surface (26) of the leading cylindrical part (29), which passes into the rear cylindrical part (30), herewith: said inclined surface (26) is made at an angle (d27) 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis (28)of the shell body; said leading cylindrical part (29) is made with a wall thickness (T29), the thickness (T29) of the leading cylindrical part (29) is 0.1.22D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition; said rear cylindrical part (30) is made with smaller diameter than the diameter of the leading cylindrical part (29): between the leading cylindrical part (29) and the rear cylindrical part (30) the ledge (31) is made; rear cylindrical part (30) ends with a chamfer (32); the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) is made in the body of the shell, into which an miter block (4) or (5) or (22) is installed, and the mechanism for extraction comprises the receiver (84) interacting with the lid of the receiver (85) which is made with possibility to make in and out movement; lock frame (86) which is made with possibility to make in and out movement and interacts with the lid of the receiver (85); the bolt (88) is made in the lock frame 1), and installed with possibility to make in and out movement a conical. bushing (93) is installed inside the bolt (88) through the firing pin (89); an extractor (95) which is made with possibility to rotate on the shaft (103) in the receiver (84), which is characterized in that lock frame (86) is made with a front ledge (87); on the front end of the firing pin (89) the conical part (90) is made, which passes into a cylindrical section of smaller diameter (91), herewith at the juncture of the conical section (90) and cylindrical section of smaller diameter (91) inclined ledge (92) is formed; conical bushing (93) is made with interior ledges (94); an extractor (95) is made with a. ledge (96) with a semicircular hollow (97) which passes into an upper ledge (98) which has a front inclined area (99) and a rear inclined area (100) and the upper ledge (98) passes into the fore-part (101) which passes into the rear part (102); a shaft (103) with a circular groove (104) which is placed on the contact point of the forepart (101) and the rear part (102), herewith the rear part (102) passes into the lower ledge (106) which has a front inclined area (10) and a rear horizontal area (108) and the lower ledge (106) passes into the upper ledge (109) which has a front inclined area (110), an upper horizontal area (111) and a rear inclined area (112).
2. The mechanism for the extraction of caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the angle (d92) of inclined ledge (92) about the axis of the firing pin (89) is 30-45 degrees.
3. The mechanism for the extraction of caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein between the end face of conical section (90) of the firing pin (89) and a primer with an anvil (67) of igniter block (4,5) of the caseless ammunition a gap (114) is made.
4. The mechanism for the extraction of caseless ammunition according to claim 3, wherein the thickness (T114) of the gap (114) is 0.03-0.05D, wherein D-outside diameter of the ammunition.
5. The mechanism for the extraction of caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the conical bushing (93) on the bolt (88) forms a gap (115) with the rear end of the ammunition.
6. The mechanism for the extraction of caseless ammunition according to claim 5, wherein the thickness (T115) of the gap (115) is equal to 0.2D, wherein D-outside diameter of the ammunition.
7. The mechanism for the extraction of caseless ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism works only with hand reloading.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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[0091] Training caseless ammunition, hereafter—caseless ammunition 20 (side view).
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[0139] Designations on the figures of the drawings which have been used in the claimed invention:
[0140] 1-caseless ammunition;
[0141] 2-shell;
[0142] 3-propellent;
[0143] 4-igniter block;
[0144] 5-igniter block;
[0145] 6-caseless ammunition;
[0146] 7-shell;
[0147] 8-caseless ammunition;
[0148] 9-shell;
[0149] 10-caseless ammunition;
[0150] 11-shell;
[0151] 12-caseless ammunition;
[0152] 13-shell;
[0153] 14-tracer compound;
[0154] 15-washer;
[0155] 16-caseless ammunition;
[0156] 17-shell;
[0157] 18-caseless ammunition;
[0158] 19-shell;
[0159] 20-caseless ammunition;
[0160] 21-shell;
[0161] 22-training igniter block;
[0162] 23-lancet section;
[0163] 24-acute end;
[0164] 25-cylindrical part;
[0165] 26-inclined surface;
[0166] 27-acute angle;
[0167] d27-measure of an acute angle;
[0168] 28-longitudinal axis;
[0169] 29-leading cylindrical part;
[0170] T29-thickness of a leading cylindrical part;
[0171] 30-rear cylindrical part
[0172] 31-ledge;
[0173] 32-chamfer;
[0174] 33-inlet interior cylindrical hole;
[0175] 34-middle cylindrical hole;
[0176] 35-conical transition;
[0177] 36-conical hole;
[0178] 37-ogive hole;
[0179] 38-shell chamber for propellent;
[0180] 39-truncated cone;
[0181] 40-ogive tip;
[0182] 41-body;
[0183] 42-armor-piercing tip;
[0184] 43-body;
[0185] 44-armor-piercing core tip;
[0186] 45-flat end of the lancet section 23;
[0187] 46-blind hole;
[0188] 47-cone;
[0189] 48-cylindrical ledge;
[0190] 49-through hole;
[0191] 50-cylindrical head;
[0192] 51-conical end;
[0193] 52-cylindrical rod:
[0194] 53- chamfer;
[0195] 54-circular plate;
[0196] 55-central through hole;
[0197] 56-external chamfer;
[0198] 57-body.
[0199] 58-tip;
[0200] 59-tip;
[0201] 60-end face;
[0202] 61-cylindrical ledge;
[0203] 62-end face;
[0204] 63-interior entering chamfer;
[0205] 64-blind cylindrical hole;
[0206] 65-conical hole;
[0207] 66-body of igniter block 4; 5; 22;
[0208] 67-primer of igniter block with anvil;
[0209] 68-interior washer;
[0210] 69-expanding ring;
[0211] 70-external washer-marker;
[0212] 71-magnetic extraction washer-marker;
[0213] 72-sterile capsule;
[0214] 73-small cylindrical section;
[0215] 74-big cylindrical section;
[0216] 75-end face;
[0217] 76-central seed hole;
[0218] 77-blind hole;
[0219] 78-smaller blind hole;
[0220] 79-cylinder;
[0221] 80-interior cylindrical hole;
[0222] 81-conical section;
[0223] 82-external chamfer;
[0224] 83-gap;
[0225] T83-thickness of gap 83;
[0226] 84-receiver;
[0227] 85-lid of receiver;
[0228] 86-lock frame;
[0229] 87-front ledge of lock frame;
[0230] 88-bolt;
[0231] 89-firing pin;
[0232] 90-conical section;
[0233] 91-cylindrical section;
[0234] 92-inclined ledge;
[0235] d92-angle of inclined ledge 92;
[0236] 93-conical bushing;
[0237] 94-interior ledges;
[0238] 95-extractor;
[0239] 96-ledge;
[0240] 97-semicircular hollow;
[0241] 98-upper ledge;
[0242] 99-front inclined area;
[0243] 100-rear inclined area;
[0244] 101-fore-part;
[0245] 102-rear part;
[0246] 103-shaft;
[0247] 104-circular groove;
[0248] 105-contr-washer;
[0249] 106-lower ledge;
[0250] 107-front inclined area;
[0251] 108-rear horizontal area;
[0252] 109-upper ledge;
[0253] 110-front inclined area;
[0254] 111-upper horizontal area;
[0255] 112-rear inclined area;
[0256] 113-lower part;
[0257] 114-gap;
[0258] T114-thickness of gap 114;
[0259] 115-gap;
[0260] T115-thickness of gap 115.
[0261] Shells are made of steel in the proposed invention.
[0262] Full description of the drawing of invention
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[0280] Inclined surface 26 is made at an angle 27 to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shell 2. Acute angle 27 has measure d27 which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.
[0281] The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition, which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where (T.sub.swcb=0.052-0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom), that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell 2 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 MPa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
[0282] Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body of the shell 2, into which c - igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37. The middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 38. All elements of shell 2, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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[0284] Acute angle has measure d27 which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.
[0285] The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter.
[0286] The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052-0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell 7 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 MPa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
[0287] Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body of the shell, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34, conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 38. All elements of shell 2, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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[0293] The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter.
[0294] The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052-0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia, of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body 41 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
[0295] Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body 41, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34, conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 3. All elements of body 41, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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[0298] The inclined surface 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter. The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052-0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body 43 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
[0299] Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body 43, into which an igniter block 4 or 5 is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into ogive hole 37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34, a conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and the ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34, conical transition 35, conical hole 36 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber 38 for the propellant 3. All elements of body 43, their shapes and interactions are Shown on
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[0302] The inclined surf lice 26 of the leading cylindrical part 29 passes into the rear cylindrical part 30 with smaller diameter.
[0303] The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swcb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052-0.078 D, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell 13 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
[0304] Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32.
[0305] The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 which is made in the shell body 13 passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 which via a conical transition 35 passes into the conical hole 36 which passes into an ogive hole 37, herewith washer 15 is additionally installed in ammunition, a chamfer 56 of which bears against a conical transition 35, herewith the middle cylindrical hole 34 forms chamber 38 for the propellant 3. The tracer compound 14 is placed in the ogive hole 37 and the conical hole 36. The propellant 3 occupies the middle cylindrical hole 34. Washer 15 bears against conical transition 35 by the chamfer 59 which separates the propellant 3 and the tracer compound 14, thereby it doesn't allow tracer compound to burn out during initial stage of ignition. During ignition burning propellant 3 passes through the central through hole 55 under high pressure and ignites the tracer compound 14. Burnout velocity of tracer compound 14 depends on the size of the central through hole 55. All elements of ammunition 12, their shape and interactions axe shown on.
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[0312] The thickness T29 of the leading cylindrical part 29 is 0.122D, where D-outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness T.sub.swb of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where T.sub.swcb=0.052-0.078 D.sub.cb, where D.sub.cb is outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body 57 can operate in the weapon at pressures P.sub.max=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.
[0313] Between the leading cylindrical part 29 and the rear cylindrical part 30 the ledge 31 is made. Rear cylindrical part 30 ends with a chamfer 32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the body 57, for an igniter block 4 or 5, which passes into the middle cylindrical hole 34 and ogive hole 37. Middle cylindrical hole 34 and ogive hole 37 form a shell chamber for the propellant 38. All elements of body 57, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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[0317] The inlet interior cylindrical hole 33 is made in the shell 21 for training igniter block 22, which passes into middle cylindrical hole 34, which passes into a conical hole 65, wherein the volume of the middle cylindrical hole 34 and the conical hole 65 is selected so that the total mass of the shell 21 is equal to the weight of careless ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 and the training, igniter block 22 is installed in the inlet interior cylindrical hole 33. All elements of shell 21, their shapes and interactions are shown on
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[0330] The semicircular hollow 97 holds the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 or 20 in place behind the ledge 31. Meanwhile, for mechanical extraction, inclined ledge 92 of firing pin 89 opens expanding ring 69 and firing pin 89 comes out of engagement with igniter block 4 and conical bushing 93 on bolt 88 gets a gap 115 with the rear end of ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 or 20. Dining the magnetic extraction conical section 90 of firing pin 89 is beyond the magnetic extraction washer-marker of the igniter block 5, wherein the magnetized magnetic extraction washer-marker 71 tons off from the firing pin 89, and the conical bushing 93 on the bolt 88 gets a gap 115 with the rear end of the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 or 20. The thickness T115 of the gap 115 is equal to 0.2D, wherein D-outside diameter of the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 or 20. The gap 115 between conical bushing 93 of bolt 88 and rear part of the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 or 20 does not allow the rear end of the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 16 or 18 or 20 to engage the conical bushing 93 during ejection beyond the weapon, what provides reliability of the loading cycle, reloading cycle.
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[0332] During the mechanism work in semi-automatic or automatic mode the lower part 113 of the front ledge 87 of the lock frame 86 only reaches the front inclined area 99 of the extractor 95, thanks to that the extractor 95 does not work during the shooting. Extractor 95 works in extraction of ammunition only during manual reloading what improve the reliability of weapon work in general and the extraction in particular. The reliability of extraction is achieved as expanding ring 69 or magnetic extraction washer-maker 71 take part in extraction once during the ejection of the training ammunition 20 or once during the ejection of the ammunition 1 or 6 or 8 or 10 or 12 or 18, in which the misfire has occurred, and are very simple in construction. The expanding ring 69 can make up to one million opening-closing cycles until failure in operation occurs, the magnetic extraction washer-marker 71 will have been demagnetized during 15 years no more than 5% of the initial magnetization.
[0333] In order to make a shot with the help of the claimed caseless ammunition, it is necessary to have a caseless weapon, which mast have at least such mechanisms as: rifled barrel with cartridge chamber, barrel box, bolt with obturator, firing mechanism with striker, hammer in cocked position, firing spring, trigger, spring-loaded sear.
[0334] Shot is made with the help of claimed caseless ammunition in such way: ammunition is inserted into cartridge chamber of caseless weapon and is locked by bolt with obturator, where the problem of gas obturation in the bolt is solved. When the trigger is pressed, the spring-loaded sear comes out of engagement with the cocked position of the hammer and the hammer vigorously rotates under the action of the firing spring and strikes the striker. Striker fires primer of igniter block in caseles ammunition by its pan, propellant ignites, gases of high temperature and pressure are formed during the ignition of propellant and igniter block, they force shell to fly out of the barrel, rifling, getting axial rotation of the shell which is needed for stabilization of shell flight. There is combustible washer-marker in front of the primer of igniter block and when the washer is being burnt, the released gases pushes the standard primer of igniter block out after the shell. Depending on the purpose, changing the shell, it is possible to achieve a wide variety of tasks in shooting; claimed for invention ammunition can be armor-piercing, tracing, training, etc. If the igniter block is non-combustible, a mechanism of the ejecting of the igniter block is necessary in the weapon.