A STEEL CORD FOR RUBBER REINFORCEMENT

Abstract

A steel cord with a construction of m+n having a first group of core filaments having a number of m and a second group of sheath filaments having a number of n, the second group and the first group are twisted around each other with the same twist pitch and same twist direction, wherein the core filaments are not twisted with each other, the core filaments are parallel or have a twist pitch being more than 300 mm, and the sheath filaments have a twist pitch being less than or equal to 30mm, the core filaments have an average tensile strength Tc in MPa when being un-ravelled from said steel cord, the sheath filaments have an average tensile strength Ts in MPa when being un-ravelled from said steel cord, Tc and Ts satisfy: 5<(Tc-Ts)<200. The steel cord has high breaking load and high production efficiency without cost increase.

Claims

1-10 (canceled)

11. A steel cord, said steel cord comprising a first group of core filaments having a number of m and a second group of sheath filaments having a number of n, said second group and said first group being twisted with each other with the same twist pitch and same twist direction, wherein said core filaments being not twisted with each other, the core filaments being parallel or having a twist pitch being more than 300 mm, said sheath filaments having a twist pitch being less than or equal to 30 mm, and wherein said core filaments have an average tensile strength Tc in MPa when being un-ravelled from said steel cord, said sheath filaments have an average tensile strength Ts in MPa when being un-ravelled from said steel cord, said Tc and said Ts satisfying: 5<(Tc-Ts)<200.

12. The steel cord as claimed in claim 11, wherein said Tc and said Ts satisfy: 10<(Tc-Ts)<150.

13. The steel cord as claimed in claim 12, wherein said Tc and said Ts satisfy: 10<(Tc-Ts)<100.

14. The steel cord as claimed in claim 12, wherein said Tc and said Ts satisfy: 15<(Tc-Ts)<60.

15. The steel cord as claimed in claim 11, wherein said Tc satisfies: 3800-2000×Dc<Tc<4300-2000×Dc, Dc being the average diameter of the core filaments.

16. The steel cord as claimed in claim 11, wherein said Ts satisfies: 3800-2000×Ds<Ts<4300-2000×Ds, Ds being the average diameter of the sheath filaments.

17. The steel cord as claimed in claim 16, wherein Dc is substantially equal to Ds.

18. The steel cord as claimed in claim 11, wherein m is larger than n.

19. The steel cord as claimed in claim 11, wherein m is 3 or 4.

20. A tire comprising a belt layer, a carcass layer, a tread layer and a pair of bead portions, wherein said belt layer and/or said carcass layer is embedded with at least one steel cord as claimed in claim 11.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES IN THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a process of making m+n steel cord.

[0023] FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment of 4+3 steel cord.

MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0024] The steel filaments for steel cord are made from a wire rod.

[0025] The wire rod is firstly cleaned by mechanical descaling and / or by chemical pickling in a H.sub.2SO.sub.4 or HCI solution in order to remove the oxides present on the surface. The wire rod is then rinsed in water and is dried. The dried wire rod is then subjected to a first series of dry drawing operations in order to reduce the diameter until a first intermediate diameter.

[0026] At this first intermediate diameter D1, e.g. at about 3.0 to 3.5 mm, the dry drawn steel wire is subjected to a first intermediate heat treatment, called patenting. Patenting means first austenitizing until a temperature of about 1000° C. followed by a transformation phase from austenite to pearlite at a temperature of about 600-650° C. The steel wire is then ready for further mechanical deformation.

[0027] Thereafter the steel wire is further dry drawn from the first intermediate diameter D1 until a second intermediate diameter D2 in a second number of diameter reduction steps. The second diameter D2 typically ranges from 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0028] At this second intermediate diameter D2, the steel wire is subjected to a second patenting treatment, i.e. austenitizing again at a temperature of about 1000° C. and thereafter quenching at a temperature of 600 to 650° C. to allow for transformation to pearlite.

[0029] If the total reduction in the first and second dry drawing step is not too big a direct drawing operation can be done from wire rod till diameter D2.

[0030] After this second patenting treatment the steel wire is usually provided with a brass coating: copper is plated on the steel wire and zinc is plated on the copper. A thermo-diffusion treatment is applied to form the brass coating. Alternatively, the steel wire can be provided with a ternary alloy coating, including copper, zinc and a third metal of cobalt, titanium, nickel, iron or other known metal.

[0031] The brass-coated steel wire is then subjected to a final series of cross-section reductions by means of wet drawing machines. The final product is a steel wire with a carbon content above 0.60 per cent by weight, e.g. higher than 0.70 per cent by weight, or higher than 0.80 per cent by weight, or even higher than 0.90 per cent by weight, with a tensile strength typically above 2000 MPa, e.g. above 3800-2000×D (HT) Mpa, or above 4100-2000×D MPa (ST) or above 4400-2000×D (UT) MPa (D is the diameter of the final steel wire, i.e. D is Dc or Ds) and adapted for the reinforcement of elastomer products.

[0032] Steel wires adapted for the reinforcement of tyres typically have a final diameter ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.60 mm, e.g. from 0.10 mm to 0.40 mm. Examples of wire diameters are 0.10 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.175 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.245 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.40 mm.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows the process of making a m+n steel cord. The steel cord is made by the bunching type machine. Two core filaments 105 are put outside of cradle 135 of the bunching machine and two sheath filaments 110 are put inside the cradle 135 of the bunching machine. First the two core filaments 105 are paid off and guided to pass through the pulley 115 and the pulley 120, after that the two core filaments form a strand; the two sheath filaments 110 are paid off, and then the two sheath filaments 110 as a group are twisted with the strand of the two core filaments 105 at the pulley 125 and the pulley 130 to form a cord, then the cord is subjected to a false-twister and then is taken up on a spool. The second group of sheath filaments and the first group of core filaments are twisted around each other with the same twist pitch and same twist direction, wherein the core filaments are not twisted with each other, the core filaments are parallel or have a twist pitch being more than 300 mm, the sheath filaments have a twist pitch being less than or equal to 30 mm. During the bunching process, the core filaments are subjected to four times twisting including the twice twisting in S direction at pulley 115 and pulley 120 and the twice twisting in Z direction at pulley 125 and pulley 130; wherein the sheath filaments are subjected to twice twisting including twisting in Z direction at pulley 125 and pulley 130. The core filaments are subjected to two times twisting more than the sheath filaments, and further the core filaments are subjected to the twisting in different directions, i.e. twist-in (S direction) and twist-out (Z direction), therefore the core filaments are easier to break than the sheath filaments in the steel cord production. The invention solves the problem. The invention makes the core filaments having a tensile strength a little bit higher than the sheath filaments to reduce the steel filament fracture ratio in the steel cord production, while the steel cord cost is not increased. This is realized by adjusting the drawing process of filament making process mentioned in above, i.e. adjusting the compression ratio of the drawing die, i.e. wet wire drawing.

[0034] FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment. The steel cord has 4+3 construction consisting of four core filaments 205 and three sheath filaments 210. The four core filaments 205 are parallel with each other. The sheath filaments 210 have a twist pitch of 18 mm.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 First embodiment Reference 1 Reference 2 Reference 3 Construction 4 + 3 4 + 3 4 + 3 4 + 3 Dc (mm) 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 Ds (mm) 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 Tc (MPa) 3306 3547 3110 3271 Ts (MPa) 3268 3269 3260 3270 Tc − Ts 38 278 −150 1 Cord breaking 2212 2285 2135 2200 load (N) Core filament 3 32 1 13 fracture ratio (times/ton)

[0035] The first embodiment and the reference 1-3 are made by the method as the same as the process shown in FIG. 1. Reference 1 has high core filament fracture ratio and high production cost since the tensile strength of the core filaments is very high. Reference 2 reduces the filament fracture ratio by decreasing the tensile strength of the core filaments, however the breaking load of the steel cord is also much reduced. Reference 3 has the similar tensile strength between the core filaments and the sheath filaments, but it has high core filament fracture ratio.

[0036] From the above table, the invention cord has a low core filament fracture ratio while keeping a high cord breaking load. The small increase on the Tc can help to reduce the steel filament fracture during the steel cord production while keeping the steel cord breaking load without significant cost increasing.

[0037] The method of testing and calculating the average tensile strength Tc and Ts includes: [0038] Unravel the core filaments and sheath filaments from the steel cord, [0039] Calculate the tensile strength of individual filament by dividing the filament breaking load by the average filament diameter, the filament breaking load is measured according to the principle mentioned in the standard ISO6892-1:2009 with some particular setting like the clamp length being 250 mm and the test speed being 100 mm/min, test 5 times for each filament, [0040] Calculate the average tensile strength of the core filaments and the average tensile strength of the sheath filaments to obtain Tc and Ts.

[0041] The average diameter of core filaments and the average diameter of sheath filaments are tested in the following way: [0042] Unravel the core filaments and sheath filaments from the steel cord, [0043] Measure the diameter of individual filament by micrometer, test 5 times for each filament, [0044] Calculate the average diameter of the core filaments and the average diameter of the sheath filaments to obtain Dc and Ds.

[0045] Core filament fracture ratio is measured by calculating the ratio of the times of core filament fracture to the production ton of steel cord.

[0046] The second embodiment is 4+6×0.32. The four core filaments are parallel with each other. The sheath filaments have a twist pitch of 18 mm. The difference between the Tc and Ts is 40 MPa.