Abstract
An apparatus and a method for physical exercises is provided. The apparatus may include at least one rigid cylinder of circular or polygonal shape. The apparatus is designed for functional training exercises, including but not limited to, dry-land, surf-specific training. The apparatus is versatile and may be used in any and all fitness programs, as well as physical and rehabilitation therapy. Corresponding methods for performing physical exercises on at least one rigid cylinder are also provided.
Claims
1. An apparatus for physical exercises comprising: a first rigid, substantially hollow cylinder comprising a polygonal cross section and extending a length from a first open end to a second open end, wherein the first cylinder is assembled from at least five rectangular sections each having two shorter sides and two longer sides, wherein the rectangular sections are arranged adjacent to one another to form an outer surface of the first cylinder, and wherein the shorter sides of the rectangular sections form the polygonal cross section; and a second cylinder removably and concentrically disposed within the first cylinder, wherein the second cylinder comprises a cross-sectional shape that is the same as the polygonal cross-sectional shape of the first cylinder, and wherein the second cylinder comprises a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the first cylinder.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the two shorter sides of each of the rectangular sections comprises a length that is equal.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a supporting structure located within the first cylinder, wherein the rectangular sections are attached to the supporting structure.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the supporting structure comprises at least two rings located concentrically within the first cylinder, at a distance from one another.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising: a cladding material provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder, wherein the cladding material is compressible under pressure.
6. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a shape of the first cylinder is substantially sustained under pressure of a person performing exercises on said cylinder.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first cylinder is formed via extrusion of a material such that the first cylinder is seamless.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of: aluminum, stainless steel, carbon fiber, fiberglass, fiberglass composites and plastic.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first cylinder is formed via rolling of a material such that the first cylinder comprises one or more seams.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of: aluminum, stainless steel, wood, bamboo and carbon fiber.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first cylinder comprises a diameter of between 30 cm and 2 m.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the length of the first cylinder is between 30 cm and 2 m.
13. A method comprising: performing a physical exercise on an apparatus comprising: a first rigid, substantially hollow cylinder comprising a polygonal cross section and extending a length from a first open end to a second open end, wherein the first cylinder is assembled from at least five rectangular sections each having two shorter sides and two longer sides, wherein the rectangular sections are arranged adjacent to one another to form an outer surface of the first cylinder, and wherein the shorter sides of the rectangular sections form the polygonal cross section; and a second cylinder removably and concentrically disposed within the first cylinder, wherein the second cylinder comprises a cross-sectional shape that is the same as the polygonal cross-sectional shape of the first cylinder, and wherein the second cylinder comprises a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the first cylinder.
14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the physical exercise is selected from the group consisting of: balancing, standing, squatting, land-based surfing, systemic myofascial release, physical therapy and a core exercise.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Various features, aspects and embodiments of the apparatus as well as the method for physical exercises are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic lateral view of an embodiment of the apparatus for physical exercises (the SURCLE).
(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic overview of an exemplary set of apparatuses for physical exercises.
(4) FIG. 3 shows a schematic overview of a further exemplary set of apparatuses for physical exercises.
(5) FIGS. 4A-B show illustrative embodiments of an apparatus for physical exercises.
(6) FIGS. 5A-C show the take-off movement on a surfboard.
(7) FIGS. 6A-C show training for the take-off movement in surfing using a set of devices for physical exercises according to the present invention.
(8) FIGS. 7A-B show typical postures on a surfboard during surfing.
(9) FIGS. 8A and 8B show postures practiced on an apparatus for physical exercises corresponding to those of FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively.
(10) FIGS. 9A-B show an illustrative exercise to build core and upper body strength using two or more devices according to the invention.
(11) FIG. 9C shows an illustrative exercise, known as the Lotus Position, using a set of four SURCLES in a nested configuration.
(12) FIG. 9D shows an illustrative exercise performed on a SURCLE to develop spatio-temporal awareness, according to the invention.
(13) FIG. 9E shows an illustrative exercise using one polygonal (octagonal) SURCLE to train the standing Tree Pose, according to the invention.
(14) FIG. 10A shows an illustrative exercise for physical therapy, known as the “Giant Layback,” using three SURCLES, according to the invention.
(15) FIG. 10B shows an illustrative exercise for physical therapy using two SURCLES, according to the invention.
(16) FIG. 11A shows an artistic image of waves and FIG. 11B shows an image of artificial rock elements in a climbing gym, both of which may be represented as polygonal composites in the form of differently sized polygonal SURCLES, shown in FIG. 11C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(17) The present invention is based on the fact that ocean waves or any other form of artificially provided waves that may be used for surfing are round or oval in shape (once again, including elliptical shapes). To a first approximation, however, they may be seen to be polygonal in shape. They have both smooth curves and angular sections and occasionally form complete cylinders, which are also referred to as tubes, tube riding being considered the ultimate maneuver in surfing. Retaining an upright position during surfing on a surfboard which is rolling, pitching and yawing in accordance with the (approximately polygonal) 3D contours of a waveform is very challenging.
(18) The realization leading to the present invention is that dry land training on 3D models of real ocean waves enables more efficient and effective surf-specific training in comparison to other surf training techniques based on balancing on a 2D surfboard.
(19) In the following description, the apparatus for physical exercises according to the invention will be referred to as SURCLE. Application of a SURCLE or a set of SURCLES for any purpose will be referred to as SURCLING.
(20) FIG. 1 shows a schematic lateral view of a polygonal embodiment of the apparatus for physical exercises 100, i.e. the SURCLE. During various exercises, the SURCLE 100 in the form of a freestanding cylinder may rest on a supporting floor 108 which may be any kind of floor such as gymnasium, yoga studio, physical therapy clinic, corporate office, pool deck, lawn, beach sand, community center or house floor. In this exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the SURCLE 100 is of decagonal shape, i.e. its defining polygonal shape is decagonal. The decagonal shape of the hollow cylinder which defines SURCLE 100 is only one of very many possible shapes as will be discussed further below. Independent of the actual geometry of the polygonal cylinder which defines SURCLE 100, the cylinder is rigid and symmetric across its width along the y-axis, and its diameter along the z-axis. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, both ends of the polygonal cylinder which define SURCLE 100 include ten base sides 102, which are arranged at angles 104 adjacent to one another, which in the case of this symmetric decagon measure 144 degrees. The angle 104, which is created during fabrication of the SURCLE 100 from a rigid substrate, such as aluminum or carbon fiber, imparts a corresponding angle 106 between the SURCLE 100 and the flooring 108. The angle 106 creates a wobble as the SURCLE 100 moves along the x-axis, simulating the movement a surfer might experience while taking-off on a polygonal shaped ocean wave FIG. 10. In this exemplary embodiment of the SURCLE 100, all base sides 102 have the same length. However, other embodiments may have base sides 102 of different lengths, which may, for example, be arranged in an alternating manner to achieve various wobble effects with regard to the stability of the SURCLE 100. The top and bottom edges of the polygonal cylinder will be referred to as rails 110.
(21) SURCLE 100 may be constructed of a rigid substrate, rendering it stable along both the y-axis and z-axis, and limiting movement to along the x-axis. For example, SURCLE 100 may be constructed of rigid aluminum and may be covered in soft sport foam (see SURCLE 400 in FIG. 4). The aluminum SURCLE may be rendered by extrusion of a solid 3D aluminum billet through a polygonal die. Alternatively, rolling an aluminum sheet into a polygonal cylinder may render SURCLE 100. In addition, SURCLE 100 may be constructed of any rigid substrate, for example, plastic, stainless steel, carbon fiber, PVC or fiberglass. The wall thickness of SURCLE 100 may include any thickness from 1 mm to 100 mm. SURCLES with round or oval cross sections may be manufactured accordingly. The stability along both the y-axis and z-axis renders the SURCLE uniquely effective in providing support for the body during therapeutic movements such as the Giant Layback (FIG. 10). The stability along both the y-axis and z-axis also makes the SURCLE ideal for therapeutic sitting, during which the SURCLE may be moved back and forth along the x-axis to enhance blood flow and a healthy posture during normal work at a desk for example.
(22) FIG. 2 shows an overview of an illustrative set of polygonal SURCLES 200. The set of SURCLES 200 is presented in a side view. The first SURCLE 202 is of octagonal shape, the angle between every two base sides 102 of the eight base sides 102 being equal to 130 degrees. The second SURCLE 204 is a polygon with twelve sides in total, the angle between every two base sides 102 being equal to 150 degrees. The third SURCLE 206 is a cylinder with a circular bottom and top area and may be seen as the limit case when the number of base sides 102 grows towards infinity and at the same time their length tends towards zero. In general, a set of SURCLES may contain different polygonal shapes, e.g. with different number of base sides 102 and/or different lengths of the base sides 102 forming different angles therebetween, and different diameters. Even though not explicitly shown, a set of SURCLES may be provided in the same manner as shown in FIG. 2, but comprising a set of round SURCLES or a set of oval SURCLES.
(23) A polygonal SURCLE 202, 204, 206 may have any number of base sides 102 ranging from 5 to a number that may be only limited by practicality of construction.
(24) A polygonal SURCLE with large number of base sides 102, for example 60, may practically behave in the same manner as a SURCLE with a circular diameter (see round SURCLE 206 in FIG. 2) and therefore it may be more practical from an economical point of view or from a constructional point of view to manufacture a SURCLE having a circular diameter. The length of the base side 102 may be from approximately 1 cm to approximately 30 cm and may be, for example, 8 cm. The width of the SURCLE, i.e. the distance between the rails 110 (FIG. 1) at the open ends of the cylinder which defines it, may be approximately 20 cm to approximately 2 m, for example, 46 cm. In general, a wider SURCLE may be suitable for adults, whereas a narrower SURCLE may be more suitable for children. The diameter 210 (FIG. 3) of the SURCLE may lie in the range from approximately 30 cm to approximately 2 m and be, for example 85 cm. As already mentioned, the base sides 102 do not have to be of equal length. For example, a shorter base side 102 length and a longer base side length 102 may be arranged in an alternating manner to form the polygonal shape of a SURCLE thereby adjusting its balancing dynamics during use.
(25) The geometry and the dimensions of the rectangles forming the outer surface of a polygonal SURCLE may be seen as parameters defining its (desired) instability and thereby the difficulty level of the exercise performed thereon. The diameter of a polygonal SURCLE may be adjusted by adjusting the number of base sides 102, i.e. by adjusting the number of sides created during manufacturing (e.g. by extrusion) of the SURCLE, and/or by adjusting the length of its base sides 102. With a growing length of the base side 102 the stability of a polygonal SURCLE will increase. With a growing number of base sides 102 and a simultaneous decrease of their shorter side length the SURCLE will become less stable and approach a round SURCLE. The round cylinder (see SURCLE 206 in FIG. 2) represents the limit case of an infinitesimally short base side 102 length combined with an infinite number of base sides 102. It is the least stable form of the SURCLE and may be suitable for exercises performed by advanced users. In general, a set of SURCLES used for physical exercises may include SURCLES of various shapes (i.e. polygonal, round or oval) and various diameters.
(26) In FIG. 3 a schematic side view of a further illustrative set of polygonal SURCLES 300 is shown. All polygonal SURCLES in the set 300 have dodecagonal (twelve-sided) shapes of their bottom and top, i.e. each having twelve base sides 102. That is, the first SURCLE 302 being the smallest one within the set has a shorter base side 102 length than the second SURCLE 304, which in turn has a shorter base side 102 length than the third SURCLE 306, which in turn has a shorter base side 102 length than the fourth SURCLE 306. The number of SURCLES and their form in the set 300 shown in FIG. 3 is arbitrarily chosen and should not be perceived as limiting in any sense. As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 9, the set of SURCLES may be aligned in a nested manner by placing the SURCLES into one another according to their size. As shown in FIG. 9, a fully nested set of SURCLES provides a platform for execution yoga movements such as the Lotus Position. According to the invention, the combined weight of nested SURCLES creates greater stability beneath the user. Inversely, the difficulty level of a Lotus Position increases as more SURCLES are removed from the nest (FIG. 9B). Once again, even though not explicitly shown, a nested set of SURCLES may be also formed on the basis of round and oval SURCLES.
(27) FIG. 4A shows an illustrative embodiment of a polygonal SURCLE 400 as may be readily manufactured. The SURCLE 400 is a cylinder of polygonal shape formed of an extruded aluminum tube. Alternatively, the SURCLE 400 may be formed by rolling sheets of aluminum, stainless steel, carbon fiber, PVC etc. into polygonal cylinders. In this exemplary embodiment, the number of sides 402 amounts to 20. The thickness of the sides 402 is 5 mm, which proves stability along the z-axis. In further exemplary embodiments, only segments or parts of a polygonal SURCLE may be composed of flexible panels 402 whereas the rest of the side surface may be composed of less flexible or rigid, non-flexible panels. The SURCLE 400 is clad with a soft neoprene sport cover, which may be chosen such that they provide more comfort for the user during take-offs, Giant Laybacks or any other exercise.
(28) FIG. 4B shows a further embodiment of a polygonal SURCLE which may include various segments, each segment being composed of panels having a different degree of flexibility. The elements 402 may be held in place by a supporting structure. In this case, the supporting structure includes two rings 404, 406, each of them being placed concentrically within the barrel forming the SURCLE 400 in the vicinity of an opening of the barrel. The rings 404, 406 may be formed of a rigid material such as steel or iron or of a flexible material. A combination of a flexible or compressible supporting structure with flexible or non-flexible panels 402 may add a further degree of motion to the SURCLE 400. In alternative embodiments, the supporting structure may be any other structure which is able to provide stability (up to a certain degree of compressibility of the barrel when a person steps on it) and to keep the panels 402 in place. As such, the supporting structure may include a spiral arranged concentrically within the barrel forming the SURCLE 400, the spiral being in contact with the panels 402. In further embodiments, the supporting structure may include a cylinder which is placed concentrically within the barrel forming the SURCLE 400, the cylinder being at least partially in contact with the panels 402. The support structure cylinder itself may be hollow or filled with a material which may be non-compressible or compressible, the latter being the case when a further degree of motion is desired as described above. As further shown in FIGS. 4A-B, the side surface 400 of the SURCLE 400 is clad with a (cladding) material. The cladding or padding material wound around a SURCLE may be a functional material providing increased grip and a smoother surface. The material of the padding may be varied in order to adjust (i.e. increase or decrease) the stability of the SURCLE along its rolling direction. For example, reducing the surface density of the padding material may induce more wobble or put differently further destabilize the SURCLE, primarily along its rolling direction but also along its non-rolling directions, i.e. along the axis of its rotational symmetry. The analogy may be strength training with increasingly heavy dumbbells. The padding material may be accessory and a SURCLE may be provided with different sheets of padding materials which may be exchanged against one another. This may provide an easy way to adjust the instability of the SURCLE which the user may easily adapt according to the desired level of difficulty of the exercise to be performed on the SURCLE(s).
(29) The SURCLES 400 and, in general, any SURCLE may be used on any kind of supporting floor 108 or subsurface. However, by choosing a specific subsurface 108 on which a SURCLE (or more SURCLES if more than one is used for an exercise) is placed for performing exercises, the difficulty level of a given exercise may be adjusted. For example, by performing exercises on the SURCLE on a soft and yielding subsurface such as beach sand, the SURCLE may be pressed into the ground by the weight of the user standing thereon which will stabilize the SURCLE. In contrast, when the exercises on the SURCLE are performed on a hard and unyielding subsurface such as tarmac or house floor, the SURCLE may be very unstable which may increase the level of the performed exercise.
(30) As mentioned previously, even though SURCLES may be used for various physical exercises, its prime field of application is dry land surf-specific training. FIGS. 5A-C show the take-off movement on a surfboard that may be effectively practiced using two SURCLES. As shown in FIGS. 6A-C, the surf take-off includes transitioning from a prone position on the surfboard (see FIG. 6A) to a standing position on the surfboard (see FIG. 6C). As depicted in FIGS. 6A-C, this chain of movements may be practiced using two SURCLES. As shown, the SURCLES used for that exercise are round cylinders, i.e. cylinders with round cross sections. In the starting position, the body of the surfer is suspended on or is supported by two SURCLES, one SURCLE supporting his legs and one SURCLE supporting his chest (see FIG. 6A). This position mimics a “floater,” i.e. a surfer who is waiting on a surfboard for a wave to approach which he can ride. In a next step, the surfer pushes off the SURCLE underneath his chest with his arms (see FIG. 6B) and transitions to a standing position on the other SURCLE which was supporting his legs (see FIG. 6C). When using two SURCLES for surf take off training, the challenge lies in pushing off one SURCLE and coming to a standing position on the other SURCLE such that the movement of both SURCLES is controlled. The polygonal shape of the SURCLES creates a semi-stable platform characterized by an uneven movement or wobble. This wobble mimics the shifting motion of the ocean which enhances the benefits of training, with respect to balance and agility. When multiple SURCLES are used to performed any one of the exercises disclosed herein, differently sized and shaped (i.e. polygonal, round or oval) SURCLES may be mixed.
(31) In FIG. 7A, a typical posture on a surfboard during surfing is shown. The required balance and control of the motion of the surfboard on an ocean wave can be practiced on a SURCLE, as shown in FIG. 8A in which the corresponding posture from FIG. 7A practiced on a SURCLE is shown. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, two differently shaped SURCLES are used to perform that exercise, one being round and one being polygonal. This concept applies to all exercises. That is, by mixing different sizes and shapes of the SURCLES used, each exercise may be adjusted to the subject's skills and body dimensions.
(32) A further typical posture—standing upright on a surfboard—is shown in FIG. 7B. This posture can be practiced on a SURCLE as well as shown in FIG. 8B.
(33) FIGS. 9A-E show illustrative exercises demonstrating the application of SURCLES as a general fitness system, which is potentially applicable to any and all training regimes. FIGS. 9A and 9B show illustrative exercises to build core strength using the apparatus for physical exercises. As shown, two or three SURCLES (also four SURCLES of the same or different size and shape may be used—one for every limb—according to a further embodiment not shown in the figures) may be used, their rolling surfaces, i.e. their side surfaces being oriented at an angle or perpendicularly to one another. The body of the trainee is supported by the two, three (or four) SURCLES; his feet resting on one (or two) SURCLES and his arms propped against one or two other SURCLES. The exercise may be to stay in balance in this position or, in addition, to perform push-ups in that position, keeping the SURCLES in place and the body in balance or to slightly move one of the SURCLES or both SURCLES to its sides. Various other exercises may be performed on two or more SURCLES. For example, as shown in FIGS. 9A-B, round and polygonal SURCLES can be mixed to achieve asymmetry with regard to the stability of the training apparatus.
(34) Climbing often involves the independent placement of all four limbs upon polygonal shaped rocks. This maneuver may be modelled, as mentioned above with regard to the exercises shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, using four separate SURCLES of the same or different sizes and shapes, wherein each limb is placed on one SURCLE while trying to maintain the body in a push-up like position. The body may be then lowered while trying to stay in balance or one of the limbs may be taken off the corresponding SURCLE and the body may be balanced on three limbs (e.g. two hands and one leg). The polygonal shape of the SURCLES facilitates stable placement of devices on the floor of the training, while the round shape of the SURCLES provides more instability and is thus more challenging. In addition, however, the cylindrical shape creates a semi-stable platform; forcing the user to manage the wobble of the device, thus further enhancing the training benefits.
(35) FIG. 9C shows use of SURCLES for support during a yoga movement known as the Lotus Position. In this case, the difficulty of the position increases inversely to the number of SURCLES in the nest. For example, a set of nine nested SURCLES provides the most stable base for the Lotus Position, as compared to that provided by a nested set of four SURCLES shown in FIG. 9B, and to that provided by a single un-nested SURCLE. The Lotus Position (as well as any other exercise disclosed herein) may be, of course, performed accordingly on a nested configuration of polygonal, round or oval SURCLES.
(36) FIG. 9D demonstrates the use of SURCLES to train spatio-temporal skills. In this case, the user is perched upon a SURCLE, the size (diameter) of the SURCLE determining the difficulty level of the exercise. More precisely, primarily two distinct variables challenge the trainee are at work: stability and height. Stability varies as the diameter and shape of the SURCLE changes, with a rather large polygonal SURCLE providing greatest stability and a rather small round SURCLE providing the least stability. Conversely, a rather large SURCLE positions the trainee further from the floor, providing a greater balancing challenge than either a medium sized SURCLE shown in FIG. 9D or an even smaller SURCLE than that. Once again, the SURCLE used for that exercise may be also round or oval.
(37) FIG. 9E demonstrates the use of a polygonal SURCLE as a platform for a yoga posture called the Tree Pose. Use of a polygonal SURCLE in this manner provides a greater challenge than performing the same pose on the floor. Attempting to perform the same pose on a round SURCLE may be a great challenge for experienced practitioners, but nearly impossible and possibly dangerous for the average practitioner.
(38) There are various methods for exercise using one, two or more SURCLES which exploit the characteristic features of the SURCLES as described above. In general, the SURCLE training system may be primarily used for coordinated balance training. Therefore, methods for practicing may include standing or squatting on one SURCLE and trying to stay in balance. In addition, exercises may be performed on a SURCLE that are normally performed on solid ground in the gym, such as squats or weight training with dumbbells or barbells. Also, trying to move from one SURCLE to another one may be a form of exercise. Dry land surf-specific exercises which may be performed on the SURCLE(S) and which are mimicking movement patterns required for surfing have been described with reference to FIGS. 6A-C, 7B, 8B and 9. However, many more exercises involving SURCLES may be thought of such that those explained or outlined in this specification are not to be construed as limiting the range of exercises for which the SURCLE training system has been designed in any sense. In addition to surfing, SURCLES may be also used to train climbing movements. Climbing often involves the independent placement of all four limbs upon polygonally shaped rocks. This maneuver may be modelled using four separate SURCLES of the same or different sizes, wherein each limb is placed on one SURCLE while trying to maintain the body in a push-up like position. The body may be then lowered while trying to stay in balance or one of the limbs may be taken off the corresponding SURCLE and the body may be balanced on three limbs (e.g. two ands and one leg). The polygonal shape of the SURCLES facilitates stable placement of devices on the floor of the training facility as compared to round or oval SURCLES which may be useful for more experienced users. In addition, the polygonal shape creates a semi-stable platform, forcing the user to manage the wobble of the device, thus further enhancing the training benefits.
(39) FIGS. 10A-B show that in addition to surf-specific and all-around fitness applications, SURCLES is designed as a system for physical therapy. One exercise of the SURCLE therapy system aimed at increasing flexibility of the body, to name just one of very many possible physical therapy exercises, may be to lay with ones back on a SURCLE thereby stretching the body (FIG. 10A). The SURCLE provides a laterally stable surface for stretching the back, allowing a rocking motion only along one direction, the x-axis. In this respect, a SURCLE may prove more suitable for flexibility exercises than the Swiss fitness balls, which are commonly used in gyms. Laying back on a Swiss fitness ball, which is basically a flexible rubber ball, may prove challenging for unfit patients or patients with back injuries due to the inherent 360-degree lateral instability of the Swiss fitness balls. In some cases this may cause back pain. This problem may be solved using a SURCLE as it is laterally stable and has only one axis of instability (in the direction in which the device may roll on the subsurface, along the x-axis). The controlled movement provided by SURCLES may also benefit users suffering from physical challenges including but not limited to paralysis, sexual dysfunction & dissatisfaction, nerve damage, psychologic conditions, etc.
(40) There are various methods for exercise using one or two SURCLE which exploit the characteristic features of the SURCLE as described above. In general, the SURCLE training system may be primarily used for coordinated balance training. Therefore, methods for practicing may include standing or squatting on one SURCLE and trying to stay in balance. In addition, exercises may be performed on a SURCLE which are normally performed on solid ground in the gym, such as squats or weight training with dumbbells or barbells. Also, trying to move from one SURCLE to another one may be a form of exercise. Dry land surf-specific exercises which may be performed on the SURCLE and which are mimicking movement patterns required for surfing have been described with reference to FIGS. 6-9. However, many more exercises involving SURCLE may be thought of such that those explained or outlined in this specification are not to be construed as limiting the range of exercises for which the SURCLE training system has been designed in any sense.
(41) FIG. 10A demonstrates a posture called the Giant Layback, which is performed using three SURCLES. The effect of performing this maneuver on SURCLES of various sizes (diameter) is to create a different angle-of-stretch along the x-axis. During the movement, an additional SURCLE is employed to provide reference and support for the hands. This additional SURCLE may be grasped on the rails (edges) with the hands in order to enhance the stretch along the x-axis. An additional SURCLE is also employed to provide reference and support for the feet. In addition to the stretch achieved along the x-axis, stable inversion of the entire torso may be achieved, facilitating changes in the direction of blood flow and other therapeutic effects. The angle of stretch may be varied by choosing a different size of the SURCLE on which the body is resting. The size of the supporting SURCLES (i.e. the ones used as support for hands and feet) may be also varied to adjust the range of the stretch. For example, when rather large SURCLE is used for supporting the hands, it may be grasped at a location higher above the floor in comparison to a smaller SURCLE which may be only grasped at a location close to the floor which may further intensify the stretch.
(42) FIG. 10B demonstrates application of two SURCLES during Seated Layback exercises to improve posture. Alternatively, a single SURCLE may be used as a chair replacement during work at a desk and/or computer. In fact, a single SURCLE may be suitable for any seated activity, providing dynamic support with movement along the x-axis only. The dynamic support means that the user may work without fear of falling or shifting from side to side, while freely rolling the SURCLE back and forth to stimulate circulation and improve mental acuity. The exercise begins with the trainee sitting upright on the smaller SURCLE, his lower back touching the bigger SURCLE. Then, as shown in FIG. 10B, the trainee leans back towards the bigger SURCLE, her back clinging to the surface of the bigger SURCLE.
(43) Again, even though the exercises in FIGS. 10A-B are illustrated based on polygonal SURCLES, round or oval SURCLES or a mixture of the available forms may be used for the exercises.
(44) According to further embodiments, the apparatus may include one or more cylinders with a rectangular or square cross section. In the context of this description, a cylinder may be understood as a hollow body with two regions bound by the cylindrical surface which may be of various shapes, among others polygonal, rectangular, square, round, oval or other. Square and/or rectangular SURCLES (i.e. a cylinder with square or rectangular bases) represent the most stable device in the SURCLES Training System. They provide a baseline for entry level users to manage the spatio-temporal challenge of exercising while elevated off the ground. For example, during climb training (FIG. 9B), the act of balancing on square SURCLES with a height of 95 cm is more difficult than balancing on SURCLES of only 35 cm, because of the added distance to the ground and the inherent risk of injury by falling. Furthermore, as with SURCLES of any shape, the instability of square devices may be enhanced by decreasing the width and/or the number of SURCLES nested within, due to changes in the center of gravity.
(45) The apparatus and methods presented herein are also advantageous with respect to mental health, in that SURCLES are grounding. The SURCLE, when used during any exercise, is able to place the exercising subject in touch with his or her body and increase self-awareness of the subject's breathing and mental state. The process of using the SURCLES requires mindfulness and deepens mindfulness practices. In treating mental illness and managing the impact of life stressors, the practice of mindfulness enables individuals to decrease symptoms as well as achieve illness remission. Wellness requires using and managing coping skills and mindfulness is a practice, which teaches individuals about their strengths. The research on the power of exercise and mindfulness to improve mental and physical health is both growing and compelling, and demonstrates the efficacy of SURCLES therapy as a treatment for depression, anxiety, and trauma.
