UNIFORM MONOSEEDING AND CULTIVATION METHOD OF WINTER WHEAT IN HUANG-HUAI-HAI REGION

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wheat planting, and in particular to a uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat in Huang-huai-hai region. The cultivation method includes seedbed finishing and precision seeding; after seedbed finishing during winter wheat seeding creates excellent seedbed conditions, precision monoseeding of winter wheat is implemented by a seeder according to precise agronomic index requirements including plant spacing, row spacing, seeding depth, and seeding rate, concurrently achieving the objectives of consistent covering depth and deep placement of bottom fertilizer. The cultivation method can make the most of light, heat, water, and fertilizer resources, and precisely optimize the plant spacing, row spacing, and seeding depth during seeding to integrate mechanized seeding management of winter wheat in Huang-huai-hai region, achieving objectives of building excellent crop community and increasing yield and efficiency.

Claims

1. A uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat, comprising seedbed finishing and precision seeding; wherein (1) seedbed finishing overall requirements for wheat land preparation are: combination of tillage and rotation, fine crushing and leveling; before wheat seeding, soil is subjected to deep tillage (once) and rotary tillage (twice or thrice) using a rotary tiller; the depth of the deep tillage is required to be 23-25 cm; after the rotary tillage, the soil needs to reach a state where top soil is loose and bottom soil is solid without unevenness; (2) precision seeding screening and dressing wheat seed before seeding, wherein the purity standard of sown wheat basic seed is required to be not less than 99.9%, the purity of quality seed is required to be not less than 99%, and the cleanliness, germination rate, and moisture content of the wheat basic and quality seeds are required to be not less than 98%, no less than 85%, and not more than 13% (based on wet weight), respectively; and using a seeder for precision monoseeding of wheat, wherein the seeder sets wheat row spacing to be 4-6 cm, plant spacing to be 3-5 cm, and seeding depth to be 3-4 cm, and when seeding, timely compaction after seeding is required to ensure the compaction pressure and quality.

2. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein seeding is in early-to-mid October, and harvesting is from the end of May through early-to-mid June.

3. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein, in step (1), the deep tillage is carried out once every two years.

4. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein, in step (1), the deep tillage is carried out once every two years.

5. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the wheat has a long growth period and high water requirement, and before seeding, 30 m.sup.3/mu water is irrigated to moisten the soil.

6. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), the wheat has a long growth period and high water requirement, and before seeding, 30 m.sup.3/mu water is irrigated to moisten the soil.

7. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), for large clods in a plot, further harrowing is required to make topsoil depth consistent.

8. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), for large clods in a plot, further harrowing is required to make topsoil depth consistent.

9. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the seeder sets the wheat row spacing to be 5 cm, the plant spacing to be 3 cm, and the seeding depth to be 3 cm.

10. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein in step (2), the seeder sets the wheat row spacing to be 5 cm, the plant spacing to be 3 cm, and the seeding depth to be 3 cm.

11. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), before seeding, 1% shenqinmycin is used for seed dressing.

12. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein in step (2), before seeding, 1% shenqinmycin is used for seed dressing.

13. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), seeding rate is controlled at 30-40 catty/mu, and more preferably 35 catty/mu.

14. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein in step (2), seeding rate is controlled at 30-40 catty/mu, and more preferably 35 catty/mu.

15. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the seeder is a wheat uniform monoseeder trial.

16. The uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), the seeder is a wheat uniform monoseeder trial.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] To describe the technical solutions in the examples of the present disclosure or in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, other drawings can be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional wheat seeding method in the background of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution in the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the examples of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the examples of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described examples are only a part of, not all of, the examples of the present disclosure. Based on the examples of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0032] A uniform monoseeding and cultivation method of winter wheat in Huang-huai-hai region provided by the present disclosure includes seedbed finishing and precision seeding; in the method of the present disclosure, due to a longer growth period, the winter wheat in Huang-huai-hai region may be seeded in early-to-mid October and harvested from the end of May through early-to-mid June.

[0033] (1) Seedbed Finishing

[0034] High-quality and standardized land preparation technology can improve the quality of land preparation and lay an excellent foundation for wheat seeding. Overall requirements for wheat land preparation are: combination of tillage and rotation, fine crushing and leveling; before wheat seeding, soil is subjected to deep tillage (once) and rotary tillage (twice or thrice) using a rotary tiller; the depth of the deep tillage is required to be 23-25 cm, aiming at breaking the plough pan, improving soil structure, and promoting normal rooting and growth after wheat seeding. After the rotary tillage, the soil needs to reach a state where top soil is loose and bottom soil is solid without unevenness, for fear of later uneven seedling emergence. For large clods in a plot, further harrowing may be required to make topsoil depth consistent, and promote a balanced increase in wheat production at the later stage.

[0035] The wheat has a long growth period and high water requirement, and before seeding, 30 m.sup.3 water may be irrigated to moisten the soil, replenishing water for deep root growth.

[0036] (2) Precision Seeding

[0037] Wheat seed are screened and dressed before seeding: the purity standard of sown wheat basic seed is required to be not less than 99.9%, the purity of quality seed is required to be not less than 99%, and the cleanliness, germination rate, and moisture content of the wheat basic and quality seeds are required to be not less than 98%, no less than 85%, and not more than 13% (based on wet weight), respectively; before seeding, 1% shenqinmycin may be used for seed dressing; treatment at the concentration may control root rot, wheat sheath blight, and soil insects well.

[0038] Under the premise of high-quality land preparation, a seeder is used for precision monoseeding of wheat. The seeder may set wheat row spacing to be 4-6 cm, plant spacing to be 3-5 cm, and seeding depth to be 3 cm, and when seeding, timely compaction after seeding may be required to ensure the compaction pressure and quality, reduce the possibility of water consuming due to soil aeration, and improve drought and frost resistance in wheat. The seeding rate may be controlled at 30-40 catty/mu.

[0039] The deep tillage may be carried out once every two years, to reduce the cost of land preparation and the disturbance to the cultivated land to a greater extent, and to better conserve soil moisture.

[0040] The following examples of the present disclosure are specific examples of test fields carried out according to the above-mentioned cultivation method.

Example 1

[0041] This example was carried out in a test field in Jingzhi Town, Anqiu, Weifang, Shandong Province from 2019 to 2020, with an area of 1,400 mu. The tested wheat cultivar was Triticum aestivum ‘Jimai 22’ (bred by Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences). Before seeding, the plot was subjected to deep tillage (once) and rotary tillage (twice) on Oct. 5, 2019. The depth of deep tillage was 23 cm. At the same time, ploughing and harrowing were performed to level the ground, and irrigation was performed once. Before wheat seeding, 1% shenqinmycin was used for seed dressing. On Oct. 8, 2019, a wheat uniform monoseeder (W-2019D407) was used for seeding. As shown in FIG. 2, the wheat row spacing is 5 cm, the plant spacing is 3 cm, the seeding depth is 3 cm, and the seeding rate is 17.5 kg/mu. The wheat of this example was harvested on Jun. 18, 2020.

Comparative Example 1

[0042] This comparative example was carried out in a test field in Jingzhi Town, Anqiu, Weifang, Shandong Province, with an area of 6,600 m.sup.2. The land preparation and seeding date and cultivar of wheat were the same as those in Example 1. In the comparative example, seeding was done by a conventional strip seeder, and specially 2BXF-12 Wheat Seed Drill manufactured by Hebei Nonghaha Machinery Group Co., Ltd. As shown in FIG. 2, the wheat row spacing is 25 cm, the seeding depth is 5 cm, and the wheat seeding rate is 12 kg/mu. The wheat of the comparative example was harvested on June 17.

[0043] The test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared as follows:

[0044] The earbearing tiller percentage of the wheat in the experimental plot using the cultivation method of Example 1 was 54%. The yield and three yield components were as follows: the number of ears per mu was 491,000 ears per mu, the grain number per ear was 37.5 grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight was 42.1 g, and the actual output was 705.4 kg/mu.

[0045] The earbearing tiller percentage of the wheat in the experimental plot using strip seeding of Comparative Example 1 was 45%. The yield and three yield components were as follows: the number of ears per mu was 416,000 ears per mu, the grain number per ear was 30.1 grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight was 34.7 g, and the actual output was 500.3 kg/mu.

[0046] By comparing the results of the above-mentioned earbearing tiller percentage, yield, and three yield components, it is found that the cultivation method of Example 1 increased the earbearing tiller percentage by 9%, the number of ears per mu by 18.0%, the grain number per ear by 24.6%, the thousand-grain weight by 21.3%, and the actual output by 41.0% in the context of the same seeding rate. The cultivation method of Example 1 increased the earbearing tiller percentage, the three yield components, and the yield, indicating that more individual wheat resources under the planting conditions of the present disclosure were harvested, the wheat grew and developed vigorously, and the yield increased; while in the comparative example, the strip seeding, due to insufficient land resource utilization, resulted in low earbearing tiller percentage, and the potential wheat yield was not fully exerted.

Example 2

[0047] This example was implemented in Zhouzhuang Village, Jiaomiao Town, Qihe County, Dezhou, Shandong Province from 2019 to 2020. The soil of this plot is loam; the wheat cultivar was high-quality special wheat Triticum aestivum ‘Jimai 44’. Before wheat seeding, the plot was subjected to deep tillage (once) and rotary tillage (twice). The depth of deep tillage was 25 cm. At the same time, ploughing, harrowing and irrigation were performed. Before wheat seeding, 1% shenqinmycin was used for seed dressing. On Oct. 10, 2019, a wheat uniform monoseeder (W-2019D407) was used for seeding. The wheat row spacing was 5 cm, the plant spacing was 3 cm, the seeding rate was 16.8 kg/mu, and the seeding depth was 3 cm. The wheat of this example was harvested on Jun. 22, 2020.

Comparative Example 2

[0048] This comparative example was carried out in a plot provided by in Jingzhi Town, Anqiu, Weifang, Shandong Province. The land preparation and seeding date and cultivar of wheat were the same as those in Example 2. In the comparative example, seeding was done by a wide-width seeder, and the seeder was Yunnong-2BJK6 Precision Wheat Seed Drill. The wheat row spacing was 22 cm, the seeding strip depth was 5 cm, the seeding depth was 5 cm, and the seeding rate was 14 kg/mu. The wheat in the control plot was harvested on Jun. 22, 2020.

[0049] The test results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared as follows:

[0050] The earbearing tiller percentage of the wheat in the experimental plot using the cultivation method of Example 2 was 52%. The yield and three yield components were as follows: the number of ears per mu was 459,000 ears per mu, the grain number per ear was 37.0 grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight was 41.5 g, and the actual output was 630.5 kg/mu.

[0051] The earbearing tiller percentage of the wheat in the experimental plot using wide-width seeding of Comparative Example 2 was 46%. The yield and three yield components were as follows: the number of ears per mu was 431,000 ears per mu, the grain number per ear was 33.2 grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight was 36.2 g, and the actual output was 513.3 kg/mu.

[0052] By comparing the results of the above-mentioned earbearing tiller percentage, yield, and three yield components, it is found that the cultivation method of Example 2 increased the earbearing tiller percentage by 6%, the number of ears per mu by 6.5%, the grain number per ear by 11.4%, the thousand-grain weight by 14.6%, and the actual output by 22.8% in the context of unchanged seeding rate. It concludes that the present disclosure has promoting effects on the wheat tiller formation rate and yield components.

[0053] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the preferred examples, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present disclosure, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the examples of the present disclosure, and these modifications or substitutions should fall within the scope of the present disclosure/all changes or substitutions conceived by any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present disclosure should fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be the protection scope of the claims.