Access protection system for safeguarding a machine or installation

Abstract

An access protection system for safeguarding an access point to a machine or installation includes a sensor device and an interlocking device. The sensor device includes an optical transmitter and receiver. The interlocking device includes a base body and a blocking element. The optical transmitter is configured to transmit a light pulse to the optical receiver. The sensor device is configured to generate a sensor signal based on reception of the light pulse. The sensor signal is used to control the machine or installation. The blocking element is movable relative to the base body from a release position into a blocking position. The blocking element is configured to be located, while in the blocking position, in a beam path of the light pulse between the optical transmitter and receiver to block the reception of the light pulse. The interlocking device is lockable in the blocking position by a securing element.

Claims

1. An access protection system for safeguarding an access point to a machine or installation located in a safety area, the access protection system comprising: a sensor device including (i) an optical transmitter arranged on a first housing located at a first side of the access point and (ii) an optical receiver arranged on a second housing located at a second side of the access point and an interlocking device including a base body and a blocking element arranged on the base body, wherein: the optical transmitter is configured to transmit a light pulse to the optical receiver, the sensor device is configured to generate a sensor signal based on reception of the light pulse by the optical receiver, the sensor signal is used to control the machine or installation, the blocking element is movable relative to the base body from a release position into a blocking position, the blocking element is configured to be located, while in the blocking position, in a beam path of the light pulse between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver in order to block the reception of the light pulse, the interlocking device is lockable in the blocking position by a securing element, one of the first housing and the second housing extends in a first direction and has a groove that extends in the first direction, and the base body of the interlocking device is connected to the groove by a coupling element.

2. The access protection system of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to evaluate the sensor signal and control the machine or installation based on the sensor signal.

3. The access protection system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to switch the machine or installation to an off state based on the sensor signal.

4. The access protection system of claim 1, wherein the blocking element is mechanically pivotable relative to the base body from the release position into the blocking position in a rotational direction about a pivot axis.

5. The access protection system of claim 4, wherein the pivot axis is arranged parallel or perpendicular to the beam path of the light pulse.

6. The access protection system of claim 4, wherein the securing element is configured to connect the base body and the blocking element to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the rotational direction in the blocking position.

7. The access protection system of claim 4, wherein: the blocking element includes a handle to allow pivoting the blocking element about the pivot axis by hand and the handle extends substantially parallel to the pivot axis and substantially along the pivot axis.

8. The access protection system of claim 4, wherein: the blocking element is coupled to the base body via a spring element arranged along the pivot axis and the spring element is configured to, when the blocking element is in at least one of the release position and the blocking position: exert a spring force and press the blocking element against the base body.

9. The access protection system of claim 1, wherein the blocking element, when in at least one of the release position and the blocking position, is latchable to the base body.

10. The access protection system of claim 9, wherein: the base body includes a first recess and a second recess; the blocking element is lockable in the release position by arrangement in the first recess; and the blocking element is lockable in the blocking position by arrangement in the second recess.

11. The access protection system of claim 1, wherein: the interlocking device includes a receptacle for the securing element; the securing element is lockable; and the securing element is configured to, while inserted into the receptacle, hold the blocking element in the blocking position.

12. The access protection system of claim 11, wherein the receptacle for the securing element is configured as a hole in the blocking element.

13. The access protection system of claim 12, wherein: the base body includes a recess and the recess is configured to, while the blocking element is in the blocking position, at least partially align with the hole in the blocking element.

14. The access protection system of claim 1, wherein: the blocking element includes two holes; each of the two holes is configured as a receptacle for a lockable securing element; the base body includes two recesses; while the blocking element is in the blocking position, the two recesses of the base body at least partially align with the two holes of the blocking element; and while the lockable securing elements are inserted into the two holes of the blocking element, the blocking element is holdable in the blocking position by the lockable securing elements.

15. The access protection system of claim 1, wherein: the base body is rigidly connectable to at least one of the optical transmitter and the optical receiver and the base body is arranged on at least one of the optical transmitter and the optical receiver.

16. The access protection system of claim 1, wherein: the sensor device includes a plurality of optical transmitters and corresponding optical receivers; each of the plurality of optical transmitters is configured to transmit a respective light pulse to the corresponding optical receiver; and the blocking element is arranged, while in the blocking position, in at least two beam paths of the light pulses between the plurality of optical transmitters and the corresponding optical receivers.

17. The access protection system of claim 1 wherein the first housing and the second housing are spaced apart on opposite sides of the access point.

18. The access protection system of claim 1 wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the beam path of the light pulse.

19. An interlocking device for a sensor device configured to monitor an access point to a machine or installation arranged in a safety area, the sensor device having an optical transmitter and an optical receiver configured to interact with one another by exchanging light pulses and the sensor device being configured, based on the exchange, to generate a sensor signal, the interlocking device comprising: a base body, a blocking element arranged on the base body, and a coupling element, wherein: the blocking element is moveable relative to the base body from a release position into a blocking position, the blocking element is arranged, while in the blocking position, in a beam path of the light pulses exchanged between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver, the blocking element is configured to, while in the blocking position, prevent the interaction of the optical transmitter and the optical receiver, the interlocking device is lockable in the blocking position by a securing element, at least one of the optical transmitter and the optical receiver is arranged in a bar-shaped housing having a groove that extends in a direction perpendicular to the beam path, and the coupling element is configured to engage the groove to couple the base body of the interlocking device to the bar-shaped housing.

20. A method for safeguarding an access point to a machine or installation located in a safety area, the method comprising: arranging an optical transmitter in a first housing located at a first side of the access point; arranging an optical receiver in a second housing located at a second side of the access point, wherein one of the first housing and the second housing extends in a first direction and has a groove that extends in the first direction; transmitting a light pulse from the optical transmitter to the optical receiver; generating a sensor signal based on reception of the light pulse by the optical receiver; evaluating, by a controller, the sensor signal; controlling, by the controller, the machine or installation based on the evaluation of the sensor signal; connecting a base body of an interlocking device to the groove using a coupling element; arranging a blocking element of the interlocking device in a release position in which the blocking element is arranged outside a beam path of the light pulse between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver; moving the blocking element from the release position to a blocking position in which the blocking element is located in the beam path of the light pulse between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver to block the reception of the light pulse; and locking, by a securing element, the blocking element in the blocking position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an access protection system;

(3) FIG. 2A is a detailed view of an example implementation of the access protection system of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 2B is a detailed view of an example implementation of the access protection system of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first part of an embodiment of a method for safeguarding a machine or installation located in a safety area;

(6) FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second part of the method of FIG. 3;

(7) FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of an access protection system in the release position

(8) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the access protection system of FIG. 5 in the blocking position;

(9) FIG. 7 is a first side view of the access protection system of FIG. 5;

(10) FIG. 8 is a second side view of the access protection system of FIG. 5;

(11) FIG. 9 is a front view of the access protection system of FIG. 5;

(12) FIG. 10 is a top view of the access protection system of FIG. 5;

(13) FIG. 11 is a rear view of the access protection system of FIG. 5;

(14) FIG. 12 is a first side view of the access protection system of FIG. 6;

(15) FIG. 13 is a second side view of the access protection system of FIG. 6;

(16) FIG. 14 is a front view of the access protection system of FIG. 6;

(17) FIG. 15 is a top view of the access protection system of FIG. 6;

(18) FIG. 16 is a rear view of the access protection system of FIG. 6; and

(19) FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of an access protection system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(20) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of an access protection system 10. FIG. 1 shows the basic design of the access protection system 10. FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the access protection system 10, in which an interlocking mechanism for additional safety of the access protection system 10 is shown.

(21) The access protection system 10 is designed to safeguard an installation or machine 14 located in a safety area 12. An access point 20 to the safety area 12 is monitored by the access protection system 10. If a person enters the safety area 12, this is detected by the access protection system 10 and the installation or machine 14 located in the safety area 12 is transferred to a state which is safe for the person. For example, the installation or machine 14 can be switched off, especially by interrupting the power supply.

(22) The access protection system 10 has a sensor device 16. The sensor device 16 is located at the access point 20 to the safety area 12. The sensor device 16 has an optical transmitter 22 and an optical receiver 24. The optical transmitter 22 and the optical receiver 24 are located at a distance 26 from each other. The transmitter 22 and the receiver 24 may be located on opposite sides of the access point 20. The optical transmitter 22 generates a light pulse and sends it along a beam path 28 to the optical receiver 24, in other words, the light pulse forms a light beam along beam path 28. The sensor device 16 is configured to generate a sensor signal based on the reception of the light pulse by the receiver 24. The sensor signal thus contains the information whether the light pulse has reached receiver 24. The optical transmitter 22 may generate light pulses at time intervals and sends them along a beam path 28 to the optical receiver 24.

(23) The sensor device 16 can have a plurality of optical transmitters 22 and corresponding optical receivers 24. The plurality of transmitters 22 and the plurality of receivers 24 can each be arranged in a bar. The two bars can be arranged on opposite sides of access point 20. Each transmitter 22 sends a light pulse along a beam path 28 to the corresponding receiver 24. In other words, the light pulses form light beams between the respective transmitters 22 and receivers 24. The individual light beams span a so-called light grid between transmitter 22 and receiver 24. The light grid is arranged in the access point to the safety area 12 in such a manner that a person entering the safety area briefly interrupts at least one light beam, i.e. the line of sight between a transmitter 22 and the associated receiver 24 is interrupted as long as the person between transmitter 22 and receiver 24 is in the access point 20. The sensor device 16 can generate a separate sensor signal for each transmitter-receiver pair. Alternatively, the sensor device 16 can generate a sensor signal containing the information whether a receiver 24 of the multitude of receivers has not received the corresponding light pulse.

(24) The access protection system 10 also has a controller 18. The controller 18 can be connected to the optical transmitter 22 via a line 30 and to the optical receiver 24 via a line 32. If there is a plurality of transmitters 22 and receivers 24, a line 30, 32 can be provided for each transmitter 22 and receiver 24. Alternatively, a line 30 can be provided for all transmitters 22 and a line 32 for all receivers.

(25) The controller 18 is configured to evaluate the sensor signal and to control the installation or machine 14 located in the safety area 12 based on the sensor signal. For example, controller 18 can stop the system or machine 14 if a light pulse has been blocked. Alternatively, the controller 18 can transfer the installation or machine 14 into a safe state.

(26) For example, to stop the installation or machine 14, the controller 18 can interrupt the power supply 36 to the installation or machine 14. For this purpose the controller 18 is connected to contactors 34, which are arranged in the electrical circuit between the power supply 36 and the installation or machine 14. If a light beam is interrupted, the controller 18, with the aid of the contactors 34, interrupts the power supply 36 to the installation or machine 14, thus bringing the installation or machine 14 to a standstill. In this exemplary embodiment, the control of the contactors 34 is designed redundantly in accordance with the current safety standards.

(27) The controller 18 can control the optical transmitter 22. For example, it may be provided that the controller 18 generates a test signal and sends it to the optical transmitter(s) 22. The transmitter(s) 22 transmit the test signal to the receiver(s) 24 using the respective pulsed light beam, e.g. the test signal can be modulated onto the respective pulsed light beam. The receiver(s) 24 receive the test signal and send it back to the controller 18, which compares the received test signal with the original test signal.

(28) If a person now enters the safety area, a pulsed light beam is briefly interrupted so that the test signal does not reach a receiver 24 or does not reach it completely. If an incomplete signal is returned by a receiver 24, the controller 18 detects this when comparing the outgoing signal with the incoming signal and then disconnects the power supply 36 to the installation or machine 14 with the contactors 34.

(29) Alternatively, the generation and evaluation of the test signal can be performed in the sensor device. The sensor signal then only contains the information whether a light beam of a transmitter-receiver pair has been interrupted.

(30) The access protection system 10 also has an interlocking device 40 as shown in FIG. 2. The interlocking device 40 is an additional mechanical component that can be located at or in the access point 20 of safety area 12. The interlocking device 40 forms an additional interlocking mechanism for additional safety of the access protection system 10. For example, the interlocking mechanism can be used to safeguard the safety area 12 in a special operating mode of the installation or machine 14.

(31) FIGS. 2A and 2B show two embodiments of the interlocking device 40. The embodiments have essentially the same components and differ essentially only in the different movement of the locking mechanism.

(32) The interlocking device 40 in both embodiment has a base body 42 and a blocking element 44. The blocking element 44 is arranged, in particular movable, on the base body 42. The base body 42 is located at the access point 20 to the safety area 12. In particular, the base body 42 is located outside a beam path 28 of the light pulse between the transmitter 22 and the receiver 24. The base body 42 can be arranged on the transmitter 22 or the receiver 24, i.e. on the transmitter side or the receiver side. In particular, the base body 42 can be rigidly connected to the transmitter 22 or the receiver 24. In other embodiments, the relative position of the base body 42 with respect to the transmitter 22 and/or the receiver 24 may be fixed.

(33) The blocking element 44 is movable relatively to the base body 42 between a release position 48 and a blocking position 50. In particular, the blocking element 44 is movable relatively to the base body 42 from the release position 48 to the blocking position 50 or from the blocking position 50 to the release position 48. In the release position 48 the blocking element 44 is located outside a beam path 28 of the light pulse between the transmitter 22 and the receiver 24. In the blocking position 50 the blocking element 44 is located in a beam path 28 of the light pulse between the transmitter 22 and the receiver 24. In this way the blocking element 44 in the blocking position 50 blocks the light pulse between transmitter 22 and receiver 24. In other words, the blocking element 44 in blocking position 50 blocks the reception of the light pulse.

(34) In the case of a plurality of transmitters 22 and corresponding receivers 24, the blocking element 44 may be configured in such a way that in the blocking position 50 it is arranged between the transmitters and receivers in at least two beam paths 28 of the light pulses.

(35) Furthermore, a securing element 46 may be provided by which the interlocking device 40 is lockable in the locked position 50. If the blocking element 44 is blocked in the blocking position 50, the blocking element 44 cannot be moved relatively to the base body 42. Only by disengaging the locking, the blocking element 44 can be moved again relatively to the base body 42. The securing element 46 can, for example, be designed as a lockable securing element 46, especially as a padlock.

(36) The blocking element 44 is moveable between the release position and the blocking position, for example, by a linear movement, in particular by shifting in a thrust direction, or by a rotational movement, in particular by pivoting in a rotational direction about a pivot axis.

(37) In FIG. 2A, the blocking element 44 is movable between the release position 48 and the blocking position 50 by a rotational movement. The blocking element 44 is rotatable in a rotational direction 52 around a pivot axis 54 between the release position 48 and the blocking position 50. In other words, the blocking element 44 can be pivoted relative to the base body 42 from the release position 48 to the blocking position 50 in the rotational direction 52 about the pivot axis 54. For this purpose, the blocking element 44 can, for example, be rotatably mounted on the base body 42. In particular, the base body may have a pin or a rod which serves as a pivot axis for the blocking element 44.

(38) In principle, the pivot axis 54 encloses an angle with the beam path 28 of the light pulse which lies between 0° and 180°. The pivot axis 54 may be arranged parallel or perpendicular to the beam path 28 of the light pulse. In FIG. 2A, the pivot axis 54 is arranged perpendicular to the beam path 28 of the light pulse.

(39) The securing element 46 in this embodiment can be designed to connect the base body 42 and the blocking element 44 in the blocking position 50 in the rotational direction 52 in a rotationally fixed manner.

(40) In embodiment (B) of FIG. 2, the blocking element 44 is movable by a linear movement between the release position 48 and blocking position 50. The blocking element 44 is slidable in a linear thrust direction 56 between the release position 48 and the blocking position 50. For this purpose, the base body 42 can, for example, have a rail along which the blocking element 44 can be shifted in the thrust direction 56.

(41) FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of a method 60 for safeguarding a machine or installation 14 located in a safety area 12. The method 60 describes the function of the access protection system 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2.

(42) In a first step 62 of method 60, the sensor device 16 is provided.

(43) In a further step 64 of the method 60, a light pulse is sent from the optical transmitter 22 to the optical receiver 24.

(44) In a further step 66 of the method 60 a sensor signal is generated by the sensor device 16 based on the reception of the light pulse by the receiver 24.

(45) In a further step 68 of procedure 60, the sensor signal is evaluated by the controller 18.

(46) In a further step 70 of the method 60 the machine or installation 14 located in the safety area 12 is controlled by the controller 18 taking into account the sensor signal.

(47) In a further step 72 of the method 60, the interlocking device 40 is provided with the base body 42 and the blocking element 44 arranged on it.

(48) In a further step 74 of the method 60, the blocking element 44 is arranged in the release position 48, in which the blocking element 44 is arranged outside a beam path 28 of the light pulse between the transmitter 22 and the receiver 24.

(49) In a further step 76 of the method 60, the blocking element 44 is moved from the release position 48 to the blocking position 50, in which the blocking element 44 is arranged in a beam path 28 of the light pulse between the transmitter 22 and the receiver 24 to block the reception of the light pulse.

(50) In a further step 78 of the method 60, the interlocking device 40 is blocked in the blocking position 50 by a securing element 46.

(51) In the step of locking 78, a lockable securing element 46 may be inserted into a receptacle of the interlocking device 40 to hold the blocking element 44 in its blocking position 50.

(52) FIGS. 5 to 16 show a second embodiment of an access protection system 100. The access protection system 100 has essentially the same components as the access protection system 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The same components are therefore denoted with the same reference signs and are not explained in detail.

(53) FIGS. 5 and 7 to 11 show different views of the access protection system 100 in a release state in which the blocking element 44 is arranged in release position 48. FIGS. 6 and 12 to 16 show different views of the access protection system 100 in which the blocking element 44 is arranged in blocking position 50.

(54) The access protection system 100 comprises a bar 102 in which one or more transmitters 22 or one or more receivers 24 are arranged. The bar 102 thus forms a housing for the transmitters 22 or the receivers 24, and the bar 102 can be located on one side of access 20.

(55) In addition, the access protection system 100 has a coupling element 122 which rigidly connects the bar 102 and the base body 42. For this purpose, the bar 102 has a first groove 124, which extends in the direction in which the bar 102 extends. The direction of extension of the first groove may be perpendicular to the beam path 28 of the light pulse and the pivot axis 54. The base body 42 has a second groove which extends in the same direction of extension. The coupling element 122 also extends in the direction of extension and engages in both the first groove and the second groove to rigidly connect the base body 42 and the bar 102.

(56) Alternatively or in addition, the base body 42 can also be attached to the bar 102 by further fasteners, for example one or more screws.

(57) The blocking element 44 in the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 16, as in FIG. 2A, is mounted on the base body 42 so that it can rotate or pivot about a pivot axis 54. In contrast to FIG. 2A, the pivot axis 54 runs parallel to a light path 28 of the light pulse of the sensor device 16.

(58) The access protection system 100 further comprises a handle 104 to enable the blocking element 44 to be pivoted by hand in relation to the base body 42. In principle, a pivot movement of the blocking element 44 driven by an actuator is also conceivable. However, pivoting the blocking element 44 by hand offers easy handling and also saves costs for actuators that would otherwise have to be provided separately. The handle 104 shown here may run along or parallel to the pivot axis 54, around which the blocking element 44 can be pivoted.

(59) The blocking element can be coupled to the base body 42 via a spring element (not shown) arranged along the pivot axis 54. This spring element can exert a spring force that presses the blocking element 44 against the top of the base body 44. Additional spacers may be provided for stabilization.

(60) The interlocking device 40 may also have a receptacle for the securing element 46. When the securing element 46 is inserted into the receptacle, the blocking element 44 is held in its blocking position 50. The security element 46 in the present embodiment is designed as a padlock. The securing element has a shackle 110 and is lockable, i.e. the shackle 110 can be locked against a base body of the securing element.

(61) The blocking element 44 can also have a hole 106 for the securing element 46. The hole 106 forms the receptacle of the interlocking device 40. So as soon as the operator has moved the blocking element 44 to the blocking position 50, he can additionally insert the shackle 110 of the securing element 46 into the hole 106. It is then no longer possible to pivot the blocking element 44 out of its blocking position 50. If an attempt were made to pivot the blocking element 44, the securing element 46 collides with the base body 42 of the interlocking device 48, so that the locking lever 52 is blocked in its blocking position 50.

(62) Furthermore, the base body 42 can have a recess 108 which, in the blocking position 50 of the blocking element 44, is at least partially aligned with the hole 106 of the blocking element 44. The recess 108 of the base body 42 can also be designed as a hole. To lock the interlocking device 40, the shackle 110 of the securing element 46 can then be passed through the hole 106 and the recess 108 to connect the base body 42 and the blocking element 44 in the rotational direction 52 about the pivot axis 54 in a rotationally fixed manner in order to hold the blocking element 44 in the blocking position 50.

(63) In the present embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 16, the blocking element 44 has two holes 106 as a receptacle for a lockable securing element 46. Two holes have the advantage that several (two) padlocks can be inserted. In this way each operator can insert his personal padlock into one of the two holes.

(64) Accordingly, the base body 42 can also have two recesses 108, which in the blocking position 50 of the blocking element 44 are at least partially aligned with the holes 106 provided in the blocking element 44. These recesses 108 can in principle also be designed as holes. They offer further mechanical protection, which prevents the blocking element 44 from pivoting out of its blocking position 50 when the padlock is inserted. Since the recesses 108 can be exactly aligned with the holes 106, when a padlock is inserted into one of the two openings, a form fit is created between the shackle 110 of the padlock and the respective hole 106 or recess 108.

(65) The blocking element 44 can be latched to the base body 42 both in the release position 48 and in the blocking position 50. For this purpose, the base body 42 has two recesses 112, 120 on its upper side, in which the blocking element 44 can be flush mounted. This creates a kind of form fit between the blocking element 44 and the recesses 112 or 120. The first recess 112 is assigned to the release position 48. The second recess 120 is assigned to the blocking position 50. Both recesses 112, 120 are laterally limited by two webs. The webs serve as lateral walls which prevent the blocking element 44 from slipping or pivoting in the release position 48 or in the blocking position 50. The base body 42 has a first web 114 and a second web 116, which serve as lateral walls of the first recess 112. The second web 116 also has two lugs 118′, 118″, which are designed as webs and serve as lateral walls of the second recess 120. The first and second recesses 112, 120 may be arranged at an angle of 90° to each other.

(66) In order to pivot the blocking element 44 from the release position 48 to the blocking position 50 or from the blocking position 50 to the release position 48, the blocking element 44 must be pulled upwards, i.e. away from the base body 42, along the pivot axis 54 over the webs 114, 116, 118′, 118″ using the handle 104. Doing so, the operator has to overcome the spring force exerted by the spring element. Only then, the blocking element 44 can be pivoted into the other position.

(67) FIG. 17 shows a third version of an access protection system 100′. The access protection system 100′ is shown in the blocking state in which the blocking element 44′ is arranged in blocking position 50. The access protection system 100′ comprises essentially the same components as the access protection system 100, which is shown in FIGS. 5 to 16. The same components are therefore denoted with the same reference signs and are not explained in detail.

(68) The access protection system 100′ differs from the access protection system 100 in that the pivot axis 54′ of the interlocking device 40′ is not parallel but perpendicular to a beam path 28 of the light pulse of the sensor device 16. In particular, the pivot axis 54′ runs parallel to the direction in which the bar 102 extends, so that the blocking element 44′ is rotated or tilted around the pivot axis 54′ between the release position 48 and the blocking position 50. For this purpose, the base body 42′ has a pin or rod 128, which is arranged along the pivot axis 54′. The blocking element 44′ is rotatably mounted on the base body 42′ using the pin or rod 128.

(69) The blocking element 44′ again has two holes 106′ and the base body 42′ has corresponding recesses 108′ which are aligned with the holes 106′ in the blocking position 50. The recesses 108′ are also designed as holes. In the blocking position 50, a securing element 46 can be passed through the holes 106′ and the recesses 108′ to block the blocking element 44′ in the blocking position 50.

(70) The phrase at least one of A, B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A OR B OR C), using a non-exclusive logical OR, and should not be construed to mean “at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.”