Self-Punching Fastening Element

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-punching fastening element for connecting a first workpiece to a second workpiece. The fastening element comprises a ring section that surrounds an opening of the fastening element in a peripheral direction and that has a workpiece contact surface, which is bounded at a radial outer side by a punching edge, and a shaft section that is connected to the ring section by means of a coupling section, that is arranged coaxially with the opening, that extends from the side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface, and that has an outer contour that is designed complementary to an inner contour of the opening such that the shaft section can be guided at least partly through the opening after a separation of the connection with the ring section. Furthermore, the invention relates to a component assembly, comprising a self-punching fastening element as well as a first workpiece and possibly a second workpiece, and to a method of manufacturing the component assembly.

Claims

1. A self-punching fastening element for connecting a first workpiece to a second workpiece, said self-punching fastening element comprising: a ring section that surrounds an opening of the self-punching fastening element in a peripheral direction and that has a workpiece contact surface, which is bounded at a radial outer side by a punching edge, and an engagement surface for a first setting device that is arranged at a side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface; and a shaft section that is connected to the ring section by means of a coupling section, that is arranged coaxially with the opening, that extends from the side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface, and that has an outer contour that is designed complementary to an inner contour of the opening such that the shaft section can be guided at least partly through the opening after a separation of the connection with the ring section, wherein an axial extent of the shaft section is greater than an axial extent of the ring section.

2. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one of the workpiece contact surface and the engagement surface is annular, and/or wherein a basic shape of an outer contour of the ring section is substantially circular.

3. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein a radial outer surface of the ring section has at least one feature providing security against rotation.

4. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the workpiece contact surface is sectionally provided with an elevated portion.

5. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the shaft section has at least one recess at its radial outer side, said at least one recess at least sectionally extending in the peripheral direction.

6. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the shaft section has at least one elevated portion at its radial outer side, said at least one elevated portion at least sectionally extending in an axial direction.

7. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the shaft section has a radially expanded head section at its end remote from the ring section, said radially expanded head section at least sectionally projecting over the inner contour of the opening in a radial direction.

8. The self-punching fastening element in accordance claim 1, wherein a base body of the shaft section has a substantially cylindrical shape, and wherein the opening is substantially circular.

9. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the coupling section is designed such that at least one of a friction locking, a bond, and a form fit is established between the shaft section and the ring section.

10. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the shaft section and the ring section comprise different materials.

11. The self-punching fastening element in accordance with claim 1, wherein the shaft section and the ring section are formed in one piece.

12. A component assembly comprising a first workpiece into which a ring section of a self-punching fastening element is punched, said self-punching fastening element comprising: the ring section that surrounds an opening of the self-punching fastening element in a peripheral direction and that has a workpiece contact surface, which is bounded at a radial outer side by a punching edge, and an engagement surface for a first setting device that is arranged at a side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface; and a shaft section that is connected to the ring section by means of a coupling section, that is arranged coaxially with the opening, that extends from the side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface, and that has an outer contour that is designed complementary to an inner contour of the opening such that the shaft section can be guided at least partly through the opening after a separation of the connection with the ring section, wherein an axial extent of the shaft section is greater than an axial extent of the ring section.

13. The component assembly in accordance with claim 12, wherein a surface of the first workpiece remote from the fastening element prior to the punching in is arranged substantially flush with the workpiece contact surface in a region adjacent to or adjoining an opening in the first workpiece produced by the punching in.

14. The component assembly in accordance with claim 12, further comprising a second workpiece that contacts the workpiece contact surface, wherein the connection of the shaft section and the ring section provided by the coupling section is separated and the shaft section is arranged in the opening of the ring section such that an end of the shaft section projects into the second workpiece or projects through the second workpiece.

15. The component assembly in accordance with claim 14, wherein a surface of the second workpiece remote from the ring section has a recess that is arranged radially outside and adjacent to the end of the shaft section projecting into the second workpiece or projecting through the second workpiece.

16. The component assembly in accordance with claim 14, wherein material of the second workpiece is urged into at least one recess that is arranged at a radial outer side of the shaft section.

17. The component assembly in accordance with claim 14, wherein the material of the first workpiece is stronger than the material of the second workpiece at least in a region around the fastening element.

18. A method of manufacturing a component assembly comprising a first workpiece into which a ring section of a self-punching fastening element is punched, said self-punching fastening element comprising: the ring section that surrounds an opening of the self-punching fastening element in a peripheral direction and that has a workpiece contact surface, which is bounded at a radial outer side by a punching edge, and an engagement surface for a first setting device that is arranged at a side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface; and a shaft section that is connected to the ring section by means of a coupling section, that is arranged coaxially with the opening, that extends from the side of the ring section remote from the workpiece contact surface, and that has an outer contour that is designed complementary to an inner contour of the opening such that the shaft section can be guided at least partly through the opening after a separation of the connection with the ring section, wherein an axial extent of the shaft section is greater than an axial extent of the ring section, said method comprising the steps of: providing the first workpiece; punching the ring section of the self-punching fastening element into the first workpiece while producing a punching slug, wherein a first setting device acts on the engagement surface of the ring section on the punching in.

19. The method in accordance with claim 18, wherein the first workpiece is at least locally heated prior to the punching in of the self-punching fastening element.

20. The method in accordance with claim 18, wherein a second workpiece is provided after the step punching the ring section of the self-punching fastening element into the first workpiece or after a step of locally heating the first workpiece prior to the punching in of the self-punching fastening element such that it is in contact with the workpiece contact surface of the ring section of the component assembly, and wherein the shaft section is subsequently pressed through the opening of the ring section and against the second workpiece by means of a second setting device such that an end of the shaft section projects into the second workpiece or projects through the second workpiece (14).

21. The method in accordance with claim 20, wherein the second workpiece is not heated.

22. The method in accordance with claim 20, wherein a punching slug is punched out of the second workpiece on the pressing in of the shaft section.

23. The method in accordance with claim 20, wherein the second setting device first acts on the shaft section to press said shaft section against the second workpiece until the shaft section has reached a desired end position, and wherein the second setting device subsequently acts on the ring section to press the ring section against the second workpiece.

24. The method in accordance with claim 20, wherein the second workpiece is disposed on a die on the pressing in of the shaft section, said die having an elevated portion that projects from a support surface for the second workpiece and that has a radial inner contour that is disposed outside the outer contour of the shaft section in the radial direction.

Description

[0050] The invention will be described in the following purely by way of example with reference to a possible embodiment and to the enclosed drawing. There are shown:

[0051] FIG. 1A a first perspective view of a fastening element in accordance with the invention;

[0052] FIG. 1B a second perspective view of the fastening element of FIG. 1;

[0053] FIG. 1C an axial end face view of the ring section of the fastening element of FIG. 1;

[0054] FIG. 1D a side view and a cross-sectional view of the fastening element of FIG. 1;

[0055] FIG. 2 the fastening element of FIGS. 1A-1D and a first setting device prior to the insertion of the fastening element into a first workpiece;

[0056] FIG. 3 the fastening element of FIGS. 1A-1D and the first setting device during the punching of the fastening element into the first workpiece;

[0057] FIG. 4 a sectional view of an embodiment of the component assembly in accordance with the invention, comprising the first workpiece and the punched-in fastening element of FIG. 1;

[0058] FIG. 5 the component assembly of FIG. 4 and a second setting device prior to the connection to a second workpiece;

[0059] FIG. 6 the component assembly of FIG. 4 and the second setting device during the passing of the shaft section through the ring section;

[0060] FIG. 7 the component assembly of FIG. 4 and the second setting device during the connection to the second workpiece; and

[0061] FIG. 8 the component assembly of FIG. 7, comprising the first workpiece, the second workpiece, and the fastened fastening element.

[0062] FIG. 1A shows a self-punching fastening element 10 composed of a metal for connecting a first workpiece 12 (see FIG. 2) and a second workpiece 14 (see FIG. 5). The fastening element comprises a ring section 16 and a shaft section 18 that are coaxially arranged along a longitudinal axis L of the fastening element 10.

[0063] The ring section 16 has a circular outer contour in the manner of a circular ring and surrounds a circular axial opening 20 in the peripheral direction (see FIG. 1B). On its side facing the shaft section 18, the ring section 16 has an annular engagement surface 22 (FIG. 1A) extending in the radial direction for a first setting device 44 (see FIG. 2). An annular workpiece contact surface 24 is arranged on the side of the ring section 16 remote from the shaft section 18 and the engagement surface 22 and is at least sectionally aligned in parallel with the engagement surface 22.

[0064] The workpiece contact surface 24 is bounded at the radial outer side by a punching edge 26 that is provided to punch a hole into the first workpiece 12, into which the fastening element 10 or the ring section 16 is inserted, on the punching in of the fastening element 10.

[0065] At the radial inner side, the workpiece contact surface 24 has an elevated portion 28 that is of annular design in the present embodiment and that has approximately half the radial width of the workpiece contact surface 24. The elevated portion 28 is radially adjacent to the opening 20, with the transition from the opening 20 to the elevated portion 28 being formed as a transition cone 30.

[0066] The ring section 16 of the fastening element 10 shown here is rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis L. However, the ring section 16 can generally also have an outer contour differing from the ring shape and can, for example, have an oval or polygonal cross-section. An effective security against rotation of the ring section 16 after the insertion into a first workpiece 12 can, for example, be achieved by such an alternative embodiment. A radial outer surface 32 of the ring section 16 can alternatively or additionally also be provided with one or more features providing security against rotation, for example, elevated portions or recesses (not shown). The formation of grooves, in particular axial grooves, ribs, channels or a knurling of the radial outer surface 32 is conceivable.

[0067] On the side of the ring section 16 remote from the workpiece contact surface 24, the shaft section 18 adjoins the ring section 16 in the axial direction of the fastening element 10, with the shaft section 18 being arranged coaxially with the opening 20 of the ring section 16. In the embodiment example shown, the shaft section 18 has a round cross-sectional surface and a substantially cylindrical shape.

[0068] The shaft section 18 is connected to the ring section 16 by means of a coupling section 34 (see FIG. 1D). In the embodiment shown, the ring section 16 and the shaft section 18 are formed in one piece, wherein the coupling section 34 comprises a kind of bridge between the ring section 16 and the shaft section 18, said bridge being composed of the same material as the ring section 16 and the shaft section 18.

[0069] The coupling section 34 can generally also be designed such that the shaft section 18 is fastened to the ring section 16 in a friction-locked or form-fitted manner, for example by clamping or by a snap-in connection. In this case, the ring section 16 and the shaft section 18 can also be produced from different materials. In any case, the coupling section 34 is formed as a kind of desired breakage point of the fastening element 10 at which the ring section 16 can be separated in a targeted manner from the shaft section 18.

[0070] The shaft section 18 extends from the ring section 16 to its end remote from the ring section, where it has a radially expanded head section 40. The radially expanded head section 40 projects in the radial direction over an outer contour 36 of the shaft section 18, on the one hand, and over an inner contour 38 of the opening 20 of the ring section 16, on the other hand.

[0071] The outer contour 36 of the shaft section 18 is designed such that it is complementary to an inner contour 38 of the opening 20 of the ring section 16. In the embodiment example shown (see FIG. 1D), the inner contour 38 or the inner diameter of the circular opening 20 and the outer contour 36 or the outer diameter of the substantially cylindrical shaft section 18 correspond to one another such that the shaft section 18 can be received in the opening 20 after a separation of the coupling section 34.

[0072] When the coupling provided by the coupling section 34 is canceled, the shaft section 18 can be guided through the ring section 16. Since an axial extent A.sub.S of the shaft section 18 is greater than an axial extent A.sub.R of the ring section 16, the shaft section 18 can be guided through the opening 20 until it exits from the ring section 16 again at the side of the workpiece contact surface 24 of the ring section 16. At the side of the engagement surface 22, the shaft section 18 can be guided through the opening 20 of the ring section until the radially expanded head section 40 comes into engagement with the engagement surface 22 of the ring section 16 and a further axial displacement of the shaft section 18 relative to the ring section 16 is prevented. The radially expanded head section 40 thus serves as an axial abutment for the shaft section 18 (see FIG. 7).

[0073] The shaft section 18 has a plurality of channel-like or groove-like recesses 42 at its outer contour that extend in the peripheral direction. As becomes clear from FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, these recesses enable a particularly effective axial pull-out security of the fastening element 10 in an assembly state on the connection of two workpieces 12 and 14. To form a security against rotation, the shaft section 18 can alternatively or additionally also have recesses or elevated portions that at least sectionally extend in the axial direction, for example, at least one channel or rib that digs into the inner wall of the opening 20 and/or into one of the workpieces 12 and 14 on the penetration of the ring section 16.

[0074] The fastening element 10 is punched into the first workpiece 12 by means of a first setting device 44, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. For this purpose, the fastening element 10 described above is led up to the first workpiece along a punch-in direction E in parallel with the longitudinal axis L of the fastening element in accordance with FIG. 2. The first setting device 44 comprises a die 46 having a passage opening 48; and a punch 50 having a contact surface 52 that can be brought into engagement with the engagement surface 22 of the ring section 16 of the fastening element 10. To receive the shaft section 18, the punch 50 has a cut-out 54 so that a punch-in force exerted by the punch 50 only acts on the ring section 16, but not on the shaft section 18.

[0075] In the embodiment example shown, the first workpiece 12 is a metal sheet and is specifically produced from a high-strength steel. To reduce the required punch-in force and to avoid or at least minimize the initiation of microcracks in the high-strength first workpiece 12 on the punching in of the fastening element 10, the first workpiece 12 is heated to a sheet metal temperature of approximately 730° C. at least in a punching-in region. The heating process can in particular take place as part of a press hardening process. In this respect, the first workpiece can, for example, be heated to a temperature of approximately 1030° C. and then, at a workpiece temperature of approximately 730° C., the fastening element 10 can be inserted into the first workpiece 12. In this way, a fastening element 10 can be introduced into the high-strength first workpiece 12 that is not itself produced from a high-strength material, but is a simple steel part, for example. The temperature at which the first workpiece 12 is preheated can be adapted to its material properties. The first workpiece 12 can therefore, for example, achieve its desired high-strength material properties after the hot shaping process and the punching in of the fastening element 10.

[0076] For the punching into the heated first workpiece 12, the fastening element 10 is brought into contact with the first workpiece 12, with the workpiece contact surface 24 at the front, along the punch-in direction E by a relative movement of the punch 50 and die 46 directed toward one another, whereby first the elevated portion 28 of the workpiece contact surface 24 comes into contact with the first workpiece 12. The elevated portion 28 already bends the first workpiece in the punch-in direction due to the applied punch-in force and thus produces a stress in the metal sheet. Finally, with a continued punch-in movement, the punching edge 26 comes into contact with the preloaded workpiece section 56 so that the first workpiece 12 is cut through in the region of the punching edge 26 while producing a punching slug 58 and the ring section 16 of the fastening element 10 is punched into the heated first workpiece 12 (see FIG. 3). The punching slug 58 is disposed of through the passage opening 48 of the die, with the elevated portion 28 of the workpiece contact surface 24 contributing as a displacement structure to the reliable ejection of the punching slug 58.

[0077] FIG. 4 shows the resulting first component assembly 60 that comprises the first workpiece 12 into which the ring section 16 of the fastening element 10 is punched. The surface 62 of the first workpiece 12 remote from the fastening element 10 prior to the punching in, that is the lower surface 62 of the first workpiece 12 in accordance with FIG. 4, is aligned flush with the adjoining workpiece contact surface 24 of the fastening element 10 punched into the first workpiece 12.

[0078] The first component assembly 60 is removed from the first setting device 44 and cooled down to the environmental temperature, for example to approximately 20° C. On the cooling down, the first workpiece 12 contracts so that the workpiece 12 exerts a clamping effect onto the fastening element 10 and the connection of the ring section 16 to the first workpiece 12 is additionally improved.

[0079] In the further process, the first workpiece 12 of the first component assembly 60 is connected to the provided second workpiece 14 by means of a second setting device 64, as is shown in FIGS. 5 to 8. In the embodiment example shown, the second workpiece 14 is likewise a sheet metal part produced from metal (e.g. an aluminum sheet). The material of the first workpiece 12 therefore has a higher strength than the material of the second workpiece 14; the first workpiece 14 can in particular also be a plastic part. The second workpiece 14 is preferably composed of a ductile material so that it is deformable in a suitable manner (see below). It is generally also conceivable that the second workpiece 14 is produced from a plastic.

[0080] The second setting device 64 is shown in FIG. 5 and comprises a second die 66 having a circular second passage opening 68 and a support surface 70 for the second workpiece 14 arranged around the second passage opening 68. An annular elevated die portion 72, which projects from the support surface 70 and which merges into the second passage opening 68 via a conical region 74, is arranged around the second passage opening 68. The second setting device furthermore comprises a second punch 76 that comprises a first contact region 78 and a second contact region 80, wherein the first contact region 78 is in engagement with a second engagement surface 79 on the radially expanded head section 40 of the shaft section 18 and the second contact region 80 is in engagement with the engagement surface 22. The second setting device 64 further comprises a downholder 82 for fixing the first component assembly 60.

[0081] FIG. 5 shows how the second workpiece 14 is provided for connecting to the first component assembly 60 on the support surface 70 of the second die and in particular on the elevated die portion 72 projecting therefrom. The first component assembly 60 is positioned in the second setting device 64 such that the workpiece contact surface 24 of the ring section 16 and in particular the elevated portion 28 of the workpiece contact surface 24 contact the second workpiece 14. The second workpiece 14 is therefore clamped between the elevated portion 28 of the workpiece support surface 24 and the elevated die portion 72 at the start of the second setting process, wherein the second workpiece 14 is arranged spaced apart from both the first workpiece 12 and the support surface 70 outside the region of the elevated portions 28 and 72.

[0082] Like the first setting device 44, the second setting device 64 acts on the fastening element 10 coaxially to the longitudinal axis L. The downholder 82 fixes this arrangement. The second punch 76 is initially only in engagement with the second engagement surface 79 of the shaft section 18 by means of the first contact region 78 so that a punch-in force produced by the second setting device 64 only acts on the shaft section 18, but not on the ring section 16. An active heating of the second workpiece 14 is not provided.

[0083] FIG. 6 shows how the fastening element 10 for connecting the first and second workpieces 12, 14 is acted on by a punch-in force in the punch-in direction E by a relative movement of the second punch 76 and the second die 66 directed toward one another. Said punch-in force effects a separation of the shaft section 18 and the ring section 16 at the desired breakage point of the coupling section 34 so that the shaft section 18 is subsequently guided along the punch-in direction E through the opening 20 of the ring section 16. In the course of the pressing in, the end of the shaft section 18 remote from the radially expanded head section 40 is pressed onto the second workpiece 14, wherein a punching slug 82 is punched out of the aluminum sheet of the second workpiece 14 by means of a second punching edge 83 of the shaft section 18 produced by the separation of the coupling and is ejected through the second passage opening 68 of the second die 66.

[0084] The shaft section 18 is then pressed further through the opening 20 of the ring section 16 until it has reached the desired end position relative to the ring section 16. In the embodiment example shown, this end position is reached when the radially expanded head section 40 of the shaft section 18 has been brought into contact with the engagement surface 22 of the ring section 16 by the relative movement of the punch 76 and the die 66 of the second setting device 64.

[0085] At this moment, the second contact region 80 of the punch 76 likewise comes into engagement with the engagement surface 22 so that the punch-in force of the second setting device 64 also acts on the ring section 16 via the engagement surface 22 on the further pressing in and presses said ring section 16 against the second workpiece 14 along the punch-in direction E, while the relative position of the shaft section 18 and the ring section 16 remains constant since the second punch 76 also continues to apply the punch-in force to the shaft section 18 via the first contact region 78. At this point in time, the shaft section 18 is already arranged in the opening 20 of the ring section 16 such that an end of the shaft section 18 projects into the second workpiece 14 or, as in the shown embodiment example in accordance with FIGS. 6 and 7, projects through the second workpiece 14.

[0086] As soon as the punch 76 also applies the punch-in force to the ring section 16, the workpiece contact surface 24 of the ring section 16 is pressed against the second workpiece 14 contacting it, on the one hand, while, on the other hand, the second workpiece 14 is pressed against the contact surface 70 of the second die 66 and the elevated die portion 72. Due to the effect of the elevated die portion 72 and the elevated portion 28 of the workpiece contact surface 24 of the ring section 16, which so-to-say acts as a counter-die, material of the second workpiece 14 is pressed into the recesses 42 arranged at the radial outer side of the shaft section 18 since it is displaced from a tapering region 84 of the second workpiece 14 disposed between the elevated portion 28 and the elevated die portion 72. Thus, on the lower surface 85 of the second workpiece 14 remote from the ring section 16, a recess 86 corresponding to the elevated die portion 72 is formed that is annular and that extends around the shaft section 18 projecting through the second workpiece 14. Furthermore, material of the second workpiece 14 is also urged into the conically tapering regions of the transition cone 30 of the ring element 16, on the one hand, and of the conical region 74 of the second die 66, on the other hand.

[0087] In this way, an effective connection, shown in FIG. 8, with pull-out security is produced between the first and second workpieces 12, 14 and the fastening element 10, wherein the first and second workpieces 12 and 14 contact one another with the lower surface 62 of the first workpiece 12 and an upper surface 87 of the second workpiece 14 after the punching in process in the second setting device 64. The fastening element 10 of the embodiment example shown here can be used for first and second workpieces 12 and 14 having different sheet metal thicknesses.

[0088] The end of the shaft section 18 that is remote from the head section 40 and that projects from the second workpiece 14 can be radially expanded, if necessary, to produce an undercut that makes the connection even more reliable.

REFERENCE NUMERAL LIST

[0089] 10 fastening element [0090] 12 first workpiece [0091] 14 second workpiece [0092] 16 ring section [0093] 18 shaft section [0094] 20 opening [0095] 22 engagement surface [0096] 24 workpiece contact surface [0097] 26 punching edge [0098] 28 elevated portion [0099] 30 transition cone [0100] 32 radial outer surface of the ring section 16 [0101] 34 coupling section [0102] 36 outer contour of the shaft section [0103] 66 inner contour of the opening 20 [0104] 40 radially expanded head section [0105] 42 groove-like recesses of the shaft section [0106] 44 first setting device [0107] 46 die [0108] 48 passage opening [0109] 50 punch [0110] 52 contact surface [0111] 54 cut-out [0112] 56 preloaded workpiece section [0113] 58 punching slug [0114] 60 component assembly [0115] 62 lower surface of the first workpiece 12 [0116] 64 second setting device [0117] 66 second die [0118] 68 second passage opening [0119] 70 support surface [0120] 72 elevated die portion [0121] 74 conical region [0122] 76 second punch [0123] 78 first contact region [0124] 79 second engagement surface [0125] 80 second contact region [0126] 82 second punching slug [0127] 83 second punching edge [0128] 84 tapering region [0129] 85 lower surface 85 of the second workpiece 14 [0130] 86 recess 86 corresponding to the elevated die portion 72 [0131] 87 upper surface of the second workpiece 14 [0132] L longitudinal axis [0133] A.sub.S axial extent of the shaft section 18 [0134] A.sub.R axial extent of the ring section 16 [0135] E punch-in direction