Method, device and program for browsing information on a display

Abstract

An electronic device, such as held device, having a display and camera, displays a user interface that includes a user interface object displayed at a first size; detects, via the camera, a change in distance between a user of the electronic device and the electronic device; and in response to detecting the change in distance between the user the electronic device and the electronic device, changes size of the displayed user interface object.

Claims

1. A method, comprising: at an electronic device with a display and a camera: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes a user interface object displayed at a first size; detecting, via the camera, a change in distance between a user of the electronic device and the electronic device; and in response to detecting the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device, changing size of the displayed user interface object.

2. The method of claim 1, including, in response to detecting the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device, changing size of the displayed user interface object in accordance with the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device.

3. The method of claim 1, including setting a zoom mode of the device to enable zooming, wherein changing size of the displayed user interface object comprises zooming in on a portion of the user interface.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device is a change in distance between the electronic device and eyes of the user, and the method includes changing size of the displayed user interface object by an amount that is based on the change in distance between the electronic device and the eyes of the user.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein changing size of the displayed user interface object includes changing a zoom factor based on rotation of the electronic device.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein rotation of the electronic device is determined, using the camera, based on orientation of the electronic device in relation to the user.

7. The method of claim 1, including changing a zoom factor for the user interface or user interface object based on a tilting of the device, wherein tilting the device in a first predefined direction increases the zoom factor and tilting the device in a second predefined direction decreases the zoom factor.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein tilt of the electronic device is determined, using the camera, based on orientation of the electronic device in relation to the user.

9. An electronic device, comprising: a processor; a camera; and a display in communication with the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: display, on the display, a user interface that includes a user interface object displayed at a first size; detect, via the camera, a change in distance between a user of the electronic device and the electronic device; and in response to detecting the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device, change size of the displayed user interface object.

10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to, in response to detecting the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device, change size of the displayed user interface object in accordance with the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device.

11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to set a zoom mode of the device to enable zooming, and changing size of the displayed user interface object comprises zooming in on a portion of the user interface.

12. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device is a change in distance between the electronic device and eyes of the user, and the processor is configured to change size of the displayed user interface object by an amount that is based on the change in distance between the electronic device and the eyes of the user.

13. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein changing size of the displayed user interface object includes changing a zoom factor based on rotation of the electronic device.

14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein rotation of the electronic device is determined, using the camera, based on orientation of the electronic device in relation to the user.

15. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to change a zoom factor for the user interface or user interface object based on a tilting of the device, wherein tilting the device in a first predefined direction increases the zoom factor and tilting the device in a second predefined direction decreases the zoom factor.

16. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein tilt of the electronic device is determined, using the camera, based on orientation of the electronic device in relation to the user.

17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, storing one or more programs, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device having a display and a camera, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes a user interface object displayed at a first size; detecting, via the camera, a change in distance between a user of the electronic device and the electronic device; and in response to detecting the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device, changing size of the displayed user interface object.

18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to, in response to detecting the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device, change size of the displayed user interface object in accordance with the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device.

19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to set a zoom mode of the device to enable zooming, and changing size of the displayed user interface object comprises zooming in on a portion of the user interface.

20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the change in distance between the user of the electronic device and the electronic device is a change in distance between the electronic device and eyes of the user, and the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to change size of the displayed user interface object by an amount that is based on the change in distance between the electronic device and the eyes of the user.

21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein changing size of the displayed user interface object includes changing a zoom factor based on rotation of the electronic device.

22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein rotation of the electronic device is determined, using the camera, based on orientation of the electronic device in relation to the user.

23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to change a zoom factor for the user interface or user interface object based on a tilting of the device, wherein tilting the device in a first predefined direction increases the zoom factor and tilting the device in a second predefined direction decreases the zoom factor.

24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein tilt of the electronic device is determined, using the camera, based on orientation of the electronic device in relation to the user.

Description

DRAWINGS

(1) The above-mentioned features and objects of the present disclosure will become more apparent with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and in which:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates how the hand-held device is operated according to the present invention,

(3) FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate more specific examples of how the hand-held device of FIG. 1 is handled,

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary viewing setup of the present invention,

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates an example of how a view on the display device can be formed and calculated according to the viewing setup of FIG. 3,

(6) FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the hand-held device in accordance with the present invention,

(7) FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the hand-held device in accordance with the present invention,

(8) FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d illustrate the view change of the display of the hand-held device in response to user actions,

(9) FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c illustrate different ways of browsing information,

(10) FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and

(11) FIGS. 10a-10d illustrate another example of how a view on the display device can be formed and calculated according to the viewing set up of FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified portable hand-held device according to the present invention. The hand-held device is e.g., a mobile phone or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The display device of the hand-held device displays information stored on a memory of the hand-held device. The hand-held device is explained more specifically in later examples. FIG. 1 represents the basic browsing functionality. Information is browsed on the display device by tilting (rotating) the hand-held device 40 towards directions 2, 3, 4, and 5 around the axis 6 and 7. The memory of the hand-held device 40 comprises a virtual data object comprising characters, pictures, lines, links, video or pixels that can be conveniently displayed on the display device at a time. A portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device is moved at the same direction as the hand-held device is tilted. Moreover, a certain orientation of the hand-held device 40 always displays the same portion of the virtual data object on the display device.

(13) FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c represent a more specific example of tilting the hand-held device 40. It can be said that a typical starting situation is that the hand-held device 40 is in a 20-30 degree angle with the horizontal plane 8. This plane is in one embodiment set as a default xy-plane from which the rotation angles of the hand-held device 40 are measured. It can also be said that this starting point is the most appropriate one for viewing information with the display device. So when the user tilts the hand-held device 40, the viewing angle changes. The view on the display device changes in real time to correspond to the new viewing angle. A very important feature of the invention is that the view on the display device depends on the viewing angle, and the same viewing angle displays always the same view on the display device. This feature is very natural and logical.

(14) In FIG. 2a, angle a corresponds to the aforementioned 20-30 degrees. FIG. 2a is regarded as a starting position when the browsing begins. In FIG. 2b, the hand-held device 40 has been tilted to an angle (β.sub.1, which is smaller than angle α. The view on the display device changes based on the tilting movements essentially in real time, and the movement of the information on the display device is towards the same direction as the hand-held device 40 is tilted. In FIG. 2c, the hand-held device 40 is tilted to an angle β.sub.2, which is bigger than angle α.

(15) In one embodiment, the angle (α) is a predetermined angle, and it is determined by the manufacturer of the hand-held device 40. In the determination process it is defined that the display view plane is based on axis x_VD and y_VD, which are perpendicular to each other. The hand-held device is then set to a certain position (a), and that position is set as a default xy-plane. In FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c, the default plane is determined based on angle a. In another embodiment, the default plane can be freely determined based on any x-axis, y-axis and/or z-axis.

(16) From that moment on, the hand-held device 40 is tilted in respective to this plane. When the default xy-plane is fixed, the user of the hand-held device is always capable of returning to a certain view by tilting the device back to the original orientation when the sensors measuring the orientation of the hand-held device do not cause any restrictions to the measured position. In another embodiment, the angle α can be readjusted to a desired value.

(17) FIGS. 3 and 4 represent an exemplary embodiment of the setup of a “mirroring system”. It includes a viewpoint VP, a virtual screen VS and a virtual display VD. The viewpoint VP represents the location of a viewer of a hand-held device. The VD represents the display device of the hand-held device. The virtual screen represents the actual information browsed on the display device.

(18) For simplicity in the following the viewpoint VP is defined to be at point [0 0 0]. Furthermore, the middle point of the virtual display VD is defined to be at P_xyz wherein P_xyz=[P_xyz.sub.1 P_xyz.sub.2 P_xyz.sub.3].sup.T, and the virtual screen VS to be at plane x-kuva_shift.

(19) The orientation of the virtual display VD is defined by tilting angels α.sub.x, α.sub.y, α.sub.z indicating rotation angle over each coordinate axe. In FIG. 4, the virtual display VD is a plane and has some size. Each coordinate in this VD plane is defined using notation P=[P_xyz.sub.2+peili_y P_xyz.sub.3+peili_z] when the orientation of the VD is defined to be parallel with the x-plane.

(20) It must be noted that FIGS. 3 and 4 represent only one embodiment of the possible positions of the VS, VP and VD, and the axes used.

(21) In order to the determine the orientation of the VD, two orthogonal vectors (in the x-plane) are defined as follows:
L=[0,1,−1].sup.T
M=[0,1,1].sup.T

(22) Those vectors present the orthogonal direction vectors of the VD. Next, the orientation of the virtual display VD is defined using the rotation angles:

(23) $R_x=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& 0\\ 0& \cos \left({\alpha }_x\right)& -\sin \left({\alpha }_x\right)\\ 0& \sin \left({\alpha }_x\right)& \cos \left({\alpha }_x\right)\end{array}\right]$$R_y=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\cos \left({\alpha }_y\right)& 0& \sin \left({\alpha }_y\right)\\ 0& 1& 0\\ -\sin \left({\alpha }_y\right)& 0& \cos \left({\alpha }_y\right)\end{array}\right]$$R_z=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\cos \left({\alpha }_z\right)& -\sin \left({\alpha }_z\right)& 0\\ \sin \left({\alpha }_z\right)& \cos \left({\alpha }_z\right)& 0)\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$

(24) Next the unit normal vector of the VD is calculated:

(25) ${\mathrm{PT}}_1=R_x{R}_y{R}_{z}L$${\mathrm{PT}}_2=\mathrm{RxRyRzM}$$\mathrm{PNT}={\mathrm{PT}}_1\times {\mathrm{PT}}_2\left(\mathrm{cross}\mathrm{product}\right)$$\mathrm{PN}=\frac{\mathrm{PNT}}{.Math.\mathrm{PNT}.Math.}$

(26) where PN is the unit normal vector of the VD-plane. The PN defines the applicable orientation of the VD to be used in the projection calculation.

(27) Next, the “image” on the virtual display VD is calculated. Let's assume that there is a vector beginning from the VP and being reflected via the VD. The point where the reflected vector hits on the plane VS defines the projection of the point on the VS to the point on the VD-plane. Hence, if all points on VD are processed as described above, the image on the VD can be defined.

(28) The idea of calculation is presented using vectors in FIG. 4. Using the vectors the algorithm works as follows: 1. The points P and VP define a vector A. 2. The projection proj of the vector A on the normal vector PN is calculated. 3. The sum of the vector A and proj*PN defines a point Q. 4. The points Q and VP define a vector B. 5. The point defined as sum of the VP and 2*B defines a point R. 6. The direction vector that goes via P and R defines a direction vector that hits the plane VS at point S. 7. The result of this process is that the image of point P in VD is the image of point S in VS.

(29) By repeating phases 1-7 for all points in the VD-plane the whole image of the virtual display VD is defined. Using vector calculation the same can be presented as follows:

(30) First the point P is defined:
P=P_xyz+R.sub.xR.sub.yR.sub.z[0 peili_y peili_z].sup.T

(31) where P_xyz is the coordinate of the middle point of the VD, peili_y is the y-coordinate on the VD plane-coordinate system and peili_z is the z-coordinate on the VD plane-coordinate system.

(32) Next, the projection on the normal vector is defined:

(33) $A=P-\mathrm{VP}$$\mathrm{proj}=\frac{A.Math.\mathrm{PN}}{.Math.\mathrm{PN}.Math.}$

(34) Hence the point Q can be defined:
Q=P−proj*PN

(35) Further, the point R can be defined (the reason for the factor 2 is that in mirror the arriving and departing light beam have equal angles compared to the normal vector of the surface).
B=Q−VP
R=VP+2*B

(36) And finally the direction vector C is defined as follows:
C=R−P.

(37) Because the VS is located at plane x=kuva_shift, the vector C hits that plane at the point

(38) $S=k*C+P$$\mathrm{where}$$k=\frac{-P_1+\mathrm{kuva\_shift}}{C_1}$

(39) where P.sub.1 is the x-component of the point P and C.sub.1 is the x-component of the vector C. Note that in this calculation the VP was defined to the origin to simplify the presentation of the algorithm. However, in practice the VP can locate freely in the coordinate space. It must be noted that the image on the virtual screen VS is horizontally inversed when the virtual screen VS is viewed from the viewpoint VP direction.

(40) The system of FIG. 4 has several characteristics: 1. The view on the display device moves into the same direction as it is tilted. In one embodiment, the movement of the portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device is proportional to the change amount and/or rate of the rotational movement. 2. When the distance between the VP and VD increases, the same tilting angle causes greater movements on the virtual screen VS. In other words, the browsing speed of the information on the display device increases as the distance between the VP and VD increases. In one embodiment, this movement factor can be adjusted by the user of the hand-held device. 3. When rotating the display device, the view on the display device remains unchanged in relative to the user. 4. The view on the display device depends on the position and orientation of the VS, VP and VD. 5. A certain VS-VP-VD position/orientation combination always constitute the same view on the display device. 6. When the position of the VD alters, the viewing angle between the VP and VD changes. 7. Zooming can be implemented by changing the position of the VS, VP and VD. 8. Zooming can be implemented by enlarging the object on the VS or altering the radius of curvature of the mirror (VD). 9. If the figure on the VS is in the right way when viewed from the VP, the view on the VD is mirrored (horizontally inversed).

(41) The present invention does not have to implement all the aforementioned features, but the most appropriate ones can be chosen. The ideal mirror-like functionality means that the information on the display device changes when: a) the location or orientation of the hand-held device in proportion to the coordinates bound to the physical environment changes, b) the location of the user (VP) in proportion to the coordinates bound to the hand-held device changes, c) the virtual location of the data (virtual screen) displayed on the display device in proportion to the coordinates bound to the physical environment changes.

(42) In order to simulate the operation of a mirror to the user, the information on the display device is changed at least either according to a) or b). If only a) or b) is taken into consideration, the operation of the display is not so mirror-like as if both a) and b) were implemented. In one embodiment, the display device operates according to all a), b) and c).

(43) FIGS. 10a-d illustrate another example of calculation which is explained with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 10c is a side view of FIG. 10a and FIG. 10d is a side view of FIG. 10b. In this example the virtual screen is referred to as the virtual surface 200.

(44) In FIGS. 10a and 10c the default orientation of the display 201 is determined to be parallel with the yz-plane. The virtual surface (VS) 200 is above the display plane and also parallel with the yz-plane. A page having information to be browsed lies on the virtual surface 200, and the size of the page is larger than the size of the display 201.

(45) The reference point VP is on the virtual surface 200. The x-axis (not shown) runs through the reference point VP and the middle point P of the display 201. After calculating the point S by the method presented with reference to FIG. 4, the result is that point S is equal to point VP. Of course, the relationship between every single point in the area (2a*2b) of the display 201 and the corresponding area (2a*2b) on the virtual surface 200 can be calculated in a similar way. The portion of the page (2a*2b) that is to be displayed then has a shape similar to the shape of the display (2a*2b). In other words, on the point S on the virtual surface 200 is the middle point of the determined rectangle 2a*2b and all the other points residing around point S within the rectangle relate to the corresponding the points residing around point P on the display 201. That portion of the page surrounding point S on the virtual surface is displayed on display 201.

(46) In FIGS. 10b and 10d the display 201 has been tilted around the y-axis, wherein the portion of the page shown on the display 201 changes in the following way:

(47) Initially (i.e. when the virtual surface 200 and the display surface 201 are parallel with respect to each other as shown in FIGS. 10a and 10c) a reference line 203 drawn between point P and point S meets the x-axis, i.e. it is parallel with the x-axis. The normal of the display extending from point P is parallel with the x-axis and the reference line 203. When display 201 is tilted by angle a with respect to the virtual surface 200, the normal 204 of the display is also tilted by angle a with respect to the x-axis. After the display 201 is tilted as shown in FIGS. 10b and 10d, the reference line 203 is mirrored with respect to the normal 204 of the display wherein a mirror line 205 is generated. A hit point S′ is the point where the mirror line 205 hits the virtual surface 200. In the same manner as above, an area (shape) of the page corresponding to the area (shape) of the display is determined. The display 201 then shows the portion of the page around the hit point S′ and having a shape similar to the shape of the display 201.

(48) FIG. 5 represents one example of a preferred hand-held device 40. The hand-held device 40 is e.g., a mobile phone. The hand-held device comprises a processor 30 and a display device 10 coupled to the processor 30. The data memory 60 and the program memory 70 are also coupled to the processor 30. The program memory 70 contains e.g., the operation system. The sizes of the memories, and the processing power of the processor 30 depend on the device and application used. The program memory 60 can additionally contain different kinds of software applications with which various tasks can be executed. Application software can comprise, e.g., word processing, graphical and spreadsheet software. The software applications and data used by them are loaded into the data memory 60 in order to be able to use the software.

(49) The display adapter 90 with the processor 30 controls the display device 10. In order to not to use the data memory 60 for storing display-related information, the display adapter 90 comprises a data buffer in which the information to be displayed on the display device 10 is stored.

(50) The hand-held device 40 comprises measuring means which in a preferred embodiment of the invention refer to acceleration sensor(s) 50. With the acceleration sensor(s) 50 it is possible to measure tilting movements of the hand-held device 40. The processor 30 receives the measurement results and interprets them. The acceleration sensor(s) 50 can be e.g., piezo-electric or capacitive producing an analog voltage which is proportional to the acceleration factor.

(51) With the acceleration sensor(s) 50 it is possible to measure one, two or three-dimensional accelerations. The measurement of tilting movements is based on the fact that the highest acceleration is parallel to the gravity of the earth. Therefore, the orientation of the hand-held device 40 can be defined in relation to the earth. It is also possible to use gyroscopes with its various forms to measure the orientation of the hand-held device 40. The quantities measured are e.g., tilting angle and accelerations.

(52) The relation information between the rotation degree of the hand-held device and the memory address corresponding to the displayed view is stored e.g., on the data memory 60. The processor 30 defines the orientation of the hand-held device 40 in relation to the user or a reference position. The processor 30 may also define the distance between the user and the hand-held device 40 or the user orientation in relation to the hand-held device 40.

(53) The most important point is not the way of how the aforementioned definitions are made but the fact that the orientation of the hand-held device 40 affects the information displayed on the display device 10. The memory space can be implemented logically, e.g., as a two-dimensional memory space. When browsing starts, the processor 30 starts the definition process of the new memory address from the current memory address so that displacement in the memory space corresponds to the direction and amount of change in orientation according to the relation information.

(54) The hand-held device 40 comprises also a browse lock 80 with which it is signaled when the browsing is executed. The orientation of the hand-held device 40 must remain in the same position in order to keep the view on the display device unchanged. In a preferred embodiment, the hand-held device 40 comprises a lock feature, e.g., a push-button, with which the browsing can be locked. The user can tilt the hand-held device back to an appropriate viewing orientation in order to view the information on the display device 10 properly. The browsing may then continue when the button is released.

(55) The hand-held device 40 in FIG. 6 is almost the same as the hand-held device 40 in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, the hand-held device comprises also a locator 20. It is possible to control the view on the display device 10 also by other means than acceleration sensor(s) or equivalent means. The hand-held device 40 can comprise, e.g., a (video) camera measuring the orientation and location of the hand-held device in relation to the user of the hand-held device 40 or to another reference point in the surroundings of the user. The camera 20 may be set to recognize and measure distance to a certain reference point, e.g., the eyes of the user. Therefore, when the orientation and/or position of the hand-held device 40 changes, the viewing angle measured by the camera also changes. Thus, it can be concluded that the hand-held device 40 has been tilted and/or moved towards some direction.

(56) By analyzing the video image it is possible to define the orientation of the hand-held device 40 in proportion to the reference point and the distance of the hand-held device 40 to the reference point tens of times within a second. The browsing functionality can be implemented merely using the video camera, so that additional acceleration sensor(s) are not necessarily needed. The measuring of the distance can also be implemented with an ultrasonic radar connected through an analog-digital converter to the processor 30 of the hand-held device 40. In one embodiment, from the user's perspective the information on the display device 10 is essentially browsed in the same manner as when looking in a mirror. In other words, the view on the display 10 depends on the viewing angle in relation to the display device plane as the view in a mirror depends on the viewing angle to the mirror.

(57) In one embodiment of FIG. 5, the locator 20 comprises a video camera seeking the location of the head and eyes of the user. Heuristic algorithms and neural network seeking the location of the head and eyes can be used. Acceleration sensors are more appropriate to use in hand-held devices than a video camera, because they are cheaper. The acceleration sensors may also be a more appropriate solution in devices which do not have a built-in video camera for a default feature, e.g., in the (third generation) mobile phones. The advantage of the use of the video camera is that the use of the hand-held device is not restricted to the position of the hand-held device, e.g., when being on one's back the hand-held device can be used without problems. Also the selection of starting point of browsing is more free, and choice (of the starting point) can be given to the user of the hand-held device. In one embodiment of FIG. 5, the display device surface level is set as an xy-plane. A certain relation between the x-axial and/or y-axial movement of the hand-held device and the amount of the displacement of the portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device at a time has been determined. So, when the hand-held device 40 is moved along x- and/or y-axis, the portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device moves in the same direction as the hand-held device is moved in the xy-plane according to the relation information.

(58) In a preferred embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 the processor 30 comprises also means for filtering the x-axial, y-axial and/or tilting movements before displaying the movements on the display device. Therefore, minor unintentional movements can be filtered out.

(59) In one embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the relation between the tilting movements and the amount of the displacement of the portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device at a time can be changed. Therefore, a user may define e.g., that from now on a 10 degree tilting causes the same effect on the display as a 15 degree tilting earlier. In one embodiment, the relation is linear. In other words, the relation between the tilting movements and the amount of the displacement of the portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device at a time does not depend on the amount of the tilting. In another embodiment, the relation is linear, but e.g., exponential. In other words, the amount of the displacement of the portion of the virtual data object displayed on the display device at a time depends on the amount of the tilting. For example, the value of the relation factor changes (e.g., exponentially) as the tilting amount increases.

(60) FIGS. 7a-7d represent the situation where the size of the information on the display device depends on the zoom factor in addition to the orientation of the hand-held device. The zoom factor can be controlled in different ways. In one embodiment, the zoom factor depends on the distance between the user and the hand-held device. FIG. 7a represent the display device 10, on which graphical FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 are seen. The view on the display device 10 depends on the orientation of the hand-held device or the viewing angle from which the user of the hand-held views the display device. When the user of the hand-held device sets graphical FIG. 21 in the middle of the display device, and the zoom factor is increased, graphical FIG. 21 grows as depicted in FIGS. 7b and 7c. In FIG. 7d, the zoom factor has decreased, and also the viewing angle between the user and the hand-held device has changed.

(61) The zoom factor can be modified with several different ways. In one embodiment, the zoom factor depends on the distance between the reference point (e.g., the eyes of the user) and the hand-held device. When the distance decreases, graphical FIG. 21 grows, and vice versa. The display device 10 may have to be set to a zoom mode before the zoom factor changes. If the zoom factor was all the time dependent on the distance between the reference point and the hand-held device, the browsing operation would not necessarily be practical because the view on the display 10 would change whenever the aforementioned distance changes.

(62) In another embodiment, the zoom factor changes when rotating the hand-held device around the axis being essentially perpendicular to a predefined xy-plane. The xy-plane may be the present plane of the display device 10 or some other predetermined plane. Yet in another embodiment, the zoom factor is changed by tilting the hand-held device. Before this the display device must be set into a zoom mode. When the hand-held device is tilted, e.g., to the right the zoom factor increases, and when the hand-held device is tilted to the left, the zoom factor decreases. It is not important which predefined tilting directions are used but that the two directions can be separated sufficiently from each other. The aforementioned zoom mode is set on and off e.g., with a predetermined button of the hand-held device.

(63) FIGS. 8a-8c represent different ways to implement the user interface. In FIG. 8a, the display device 10 of the hand-held device 40 contains information to be viewed by the user. In FIG. 8a, an A letter is on the display device 10, In one embodiment, the information on the display device 10 remains in the same position with respect to the user when the hand-held device 40 is rotated around the axis being perpendicular to the display surface plane, as depicted in FIG. 8b. In other words, the information on the display device 10 remains in the same position because the information is attached to the real physical coordinates.

(64) In another embodiment, the information on the display device 10 remains in the same position with respect to the hand-held device 40 when the hand-held device 40 is rotated around the axis being perpendicular to the display surface plane, as depicted in FIG. 8c. In other words, the orientation of the information on the display device 10 changes with respect to the user of the hand-held device 40 because the information is not attached to the real physical coordinates but to the display device.

(65) FIG. 9 represents a flow diagram describing the functionality of a method of the present invention. FIG. 9 describes a hand-held device 40 comprising means for measuring acceleration 50 and a processor 30. Means for measuring acceleration refer e.g., to a multiaxial acceleration sensor suited for measuring changes in the orientation of the hand-held device 40.

(66) The hand-held device is switched on, and it is ready for browsing information on the display device, as represented in phase 100. When the hand-held device is functional, the acceleration sensor 50 measures constantly acceleration readings. The processor 30 receives the acceleration readings and defines the orientation of the hand-held device and also the change in the orientation compared to the prior measurement(s), as represented in phases 101 and 102. In phase 103, it is tested whether the browsing is on or off. If the browsing is off, the processor 30 examines if a predetermined browsing startup condition is fulfilled (phase 104). If it is not fulfilled, the method returns back to phase 101. It means that the orientation of the hand-held device has not changed sufficiently, which would indicate that the user wishes to browse information on the display device of the hand-held device.

(67) If the predetermined browsing startup condition is fulfilled, the processor 30 sets the browsing as started (phase 106) and determines the browsing speed based on the current acceleration value (phase 108). The processor 30 also changes the information presented on the display device according to a relation between the rotation degree and the amount of the displacement of the portion on the virtual data object stored on the data memory 60 and the determined browsing speed (phase 108). A certain orientation of the hand-held device always causes the same view (the same portion on the virtual data object stored on the memory) on the display device. If it is observed in phase 103 that the browsing is already on, and the browsing stopping condition is fulfilled (phase 105), the processor 30 stops the browsing and sets the browsing as stopped (phases 107 and 109). If it is observed that the browsing stopping condition is not fulfilled (phase 105), the processor 30 returns back to phase 101.

(68) While the apparatus and method have been described in terms of what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure need not be limited to the disclosed embodiments. It is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims, the scope of which should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structures. The present disclosure includes any and all embodiments of the following claims.