BOLT ACTION FIREARM HAVING AN EXTRACTOR AND A PROPELLANT CHARGE CASE ADAPTED FOR EXTRACTION, AND METHOD OF EXTRACTING

Abstract

A propellant charge used in a muzzleloading bolt action firearm having a cylindrical casing body for insertion within a breech end of a barrel. The casing body enclosing a propellant charge of predetermined amount, and having a base at the back end with a rim radially extending outwards with a forward surface facing the cylindrical body forward end and mounted flush with the barrel breech end upon insertion. A slot is formed proximate the rim to receive an extension or protrusion of an extractor for removal after firing when the bolt is moved away from the barrel.

Claims

1. A propellant charge case for ammunition for a muzzleloading firearm having a barrel or barrel extension with a breech end and a muzzle end, said propellant charge case comprising: a cylindrical casing body having a forward end, a back end, and a central axis, said casing for insertion within said breech end of said barrel or barrel extension, said casing body enclosing a propellant charge of predetermined amount; a cap proximate said forward end of said casing body for sealing said propellant charge within said propellant charge case; a base at the back end of said casing body, said base having a top surface and a bottom surface, said base including: a cylindrical cavity receiving a primer or percussion cap; a central aperture extending from said cylindrical cavity to said propellant charge; a rim radially extending outwards from said central axis, said rim having a forward surface facing said cylindrical body forward end, said rim forward surface in contact with said barrel breech end or barrel extension breech end when said propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end or said barrel extension breech end; and a gap located adjacent to, and axially distanced from, said rim forward surface in a direction of said base top surface, such that said gap is exposed outside said breech end or said barrel extension breech end when said propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end or said barrel extension breech end.

2. The propellant charge case of claim 1, wherein said gap is formed between said rim forward surface and a disc extending radially from said central axis.

3. The propellant charge case of claim 2 wherein said disc is formed at said base top surface.

4. The propellant charge case of claim 2, wherein said base includes an axially extending protrusion extending in a direction along said central axis away from said rim forward surface towards said base top surface, said axially extending protrusion terminating at said disc such that said gap is a circumferential slot.

5. The propellant charge case of claim 4 wherein said base axially extending protrusion has a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of said rim and smaller than a diameter of said disc, forming said slot.

6. The propellant charge case of claim 4, wherein said base axially extending protrusion is a cylindrical body.

7. The propellant charge case of claim 1 wherein said gap is configured to receive an extractor for removing said propellant charge case from said barrel breech end or said barrel extension breech end.

8. The propellant charge case of claim 1 including having said cylindrical casing body fabricated of plastic material.

9. The propellant charge case of claim 1 wherein said gap is formed circumferentially around said base, centered about said central axis.

10. The propellant charge case of claim 1 including a metal outer surface on at least a portion of said cylindrical casing body.

11. The propellant charge case of claim 1 wherein said muzzleloading firearm is a bolt action firearm.

12. A firearm and ammunition combination comprising: a rifle receiver; a barrel having a barrel breech end and a muzzle end, said muzzle end configured for receiving a projectile; said barrel breech end having a chamber to receive a cartridge or propellant charge case, wherein the chamber extends through the barrel breech end to a narrowing portion in the barrel, said narrowing portion having a smaller diameter than a largest diameter of said projectile, such that loading said projectile into the barrel from said barrel breech end, or inserting said projectile into said chamber from said muzzle end is physically prohibited; a propellant charge case insertable within said chamber, said propellant charge case comprising: a cylindrical casing body having a forward end, a back end, and a central axis, said casing body enclosing a propellant charge of predetermined amount; a base at the back end of said casing body, said base having a top surface, said base including: a central aperture within said base top surface for receiving a primer or percussion cap, said central aperture extending to said propellant charge; a rim radially extending outwards from said central axis, said rim having a forward surface facing said cylindrical body forward end, said rim forward surface in flush mechanical contact with said barrel breech end when said propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end; a slot or gap located adjacent to, and axially distanced from, said rim forward surface in a direction of said base top surface, such that said slot or gap is exposed outside said barrel breech end when said propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end; and an extractor having an extractor extension, prong, or protrusion, said extractor extension, prong, or protrusion insertable within said slot or gap.

13. The firearm and ammunition combination of claim 12, wherein said slot or gap is formed between said rim forward surface and said base top surface, extending radially from said central axis.

14. The firearm and ammunition combination of claim 13, wherein said top surface forms a disc-shaped cap.

15. The firearm and ammunition combination of claim 13, wherein said base includes an axially extending protrusion extending in a direction along said central axis away from said rim forward surface towards said base top surface, said axially extending protrusion terminating at said base top surface.

16. The firearm and ammunition combination of claim 12, wherein said firearm is a bolt action firearm.

17. A bolt action firearm comprising: a bolt action rifle receiver having a bolt; a barrel or barrel extension having a barrel breech end and a muzzle end, said breech end including a slot or gap, such that a propellant charge case of said ammunition loaded within said barrel or barrel extension breech end has a rim with an exposed bottom surface; an extractor attached to, or proximate with, said bolt, said extractor having an extended protrusion for insertion within said slot or gap upon extraction of said propellant charge case.

18. The firearm of claim 17, wherein the extractor is in slideable engagement with respect to said bolt, such that said extractor moves back and forth between a retracted position that allows for full reception of said propellant charge case into said barrel or barrel extension, and an extended position for extracting said propellant charge case.

19. A method of extracting a propellant charge case from a bolt action rifle, comprising: providing a bolt action rifle receiver having a bolt; providing a barrel with a breech end and a muzzle end attached to said receiver; providing a propellant charge case with a casing body and a base having a rim and a gap, said gap being exposed when said propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end with said rim flush against said barrel breech end; providing an extractor attached to, or proximate with, said bolt, wherein said extractor includes a protrusion; inserting said protrusion into said gap; sliding said extractor away from said barrel breech end, which pulls said propellant charge case out of said barrel breech end.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said a rim extends radially outwards from a central axis of said propellant charge, said rim having a forward surface facing said barrel muzzle end, said rim forward surface in flush mechanical contact with said barrel breech end prior to extraction.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein said bolt action rifle comprises a bolt action muzzleloading rifle.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein said step of sliding said extractor away from said barrel breech end includes actuating a bolt action lever in order to pull said bolt away from said breech end of said barrel.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The features of the invention believed to be novel and the elements characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The figures are for illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the detailed description which follows taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0040] FIG. 1 depicts ammunition components of the prior art, which present a propellant charge including a propellant charge case encasing a propellant therein, a primer, and a saboted projectile;

[0041] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the propellant charge case of FIG. 1;

[0042] FIG. 3 depicts a cross-sectional partial view of a break open action rifle having a propellant charge case mounted within a barrel chamber;

[0043] FIG. 4 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of a bolt action rifle receiving the propellant charge case of FIG. 2;

[0044] FIG. 5 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of a firearm barrel shown with a gap or notch in the breech end to expose the bottom side of a rim of a propellant charge, and to receive an extended prong or protrusion of an extractor;

[0045] FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment of the present invention, presenting a propellant charge case within a muzzleloading firearm barrel;

[0046] FIG. 7 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 6, showing a bolt with a bolt head secured against the breech end of the bolt action firearm barrel and propellant charge case;

[0047] FIG. 8 depicts another embodiment of a propellant charge case of the present invention, which includes a reinforced version of the propellant charge case of FIG. 6; and

[0048] FIG. 9 depicts a variant of the propellant charge case of FIG. 8, where the plastic body of the case is at least partially coated with metal.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

[0049] In describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention, reference will be made herein to FIGS. 1-9 of the drawings in which like numerals refer to like features of the invention.

[0050] FIGS. 1-2 depict ammunition components 10 of the prior art, which as described herein present a propellant charge 12, which includes a propellant charge case 14 encasing a propellant 16 therein, and primer 18. The propellant charge case 14 is shaped in a hollow cylindrical structure. One end of the propellant charge case 14 has a rim 20 with a diameter larger than that of the propellant charge case diameter. Primer 18 is disposed along the axial center of the rim 20. The inside of the propellant charge case 14 holds the ignitable powder or charged propellant 16, which is sealed within the propellant charge case 14 at one end where the rim 20 and primer 18 are located, and at the other end where cap 22 is located. Cap 22 is disposed proximate the distal end of the propellant charge case 14 opposite the rim 20. Ammunition components 10 further include a bullet or projectile 24, which may include a sabot or gas check 26, wherein the projectile 24 may be axially disposed within the sabot 26 such that they are coaxial along a center longitudinal axis 28. Bullet or projectile 24 may also be used with the muzzleloading rifles of the present invention without a conjoining sabot 26. Projectile 24 and sabot 26 are separate from the propellant charge structure 12, but complete the ammunition component structure 10 when properly loaded into the rifle.

[0051] FIG. 3 depicts a cross-sectional partial view of a break open action rifle 30 having a propellant charge case 32 mounted within a barrel chamber 34. The propellant charge case 32 is fully inserted and seated within the barrel chamber 34, such that there are no exposed areas of the propellant charge case after insertion save the outermost (top) surface of the rim and top surface of the primer. This is necessary to ensure the propellant charge case does not interfere with the opening and closing of the break open action rifle, and simultaneously prevents the propellant charge case from fracture when excessive gas is presented upon firing. The barrel chamber 34 is closed from the rear or breech end by the receiver 36. The propellant charge case 32 further includes a fulminant or primer 38 housed in a cavity 40 within the rear or breech end of propellant charge case. At the opposite end of the propellant charge case is a cap 42 to secure the propellant charge 44 within the propellant charge case 32. Ejector 46 is depicted with a lip extension for pushing against a portion of the inside circumferential edge of the propellant charge rim that faces the barrel.

[0052] There is a conduit 48, extending from the primer to the propellant charge, which may include therein a breakable sealing material capable of puncture, that upon firing directs and communicates the hot gas expelled by primer 38 to the propellant charge 44.

[0053] In order to seat the propellant charge case 32 into the barrel chamber 34, as well as facilitate the removal of the propellant charge case, a rim 50 is presented having a circumferential lip with a diameter greater than the cylindrical body diameter of the propellant charge case. Rim 50 is situated on the breech end of the barrel chamber 34, and a step 52 is formed at the breech end of the barrel chamber to ensure precise positioning of the propellant charge.

[0054] An innermost portion of rim 50, facing the muzzle end of the barrel, is exposed from the barrel breech end and rests on a lip extension of ejector 46, which, upon break open action, can be shifted in the direction of arrow 56 to extract the spent propellant charge.

[0055] An additional constraint on the aforementioned design includes the propellant charge casing normally being built entirely of plastic and expressly designed to fit into the chamber of a break open firearm. As depicted in FIG. 3, since the cartridge is fully inserted in the chamber, there is no portion of the propellant charge case that is exposed for breakage under high gas pressure during firing. In FIG. 3, as shown, the chamber is closed from the rear by the receiver 36 of the rifle. The propellant charge case is effectively “sealed” in the chamber, pressed against step 52 and the lip extension of rim 50. Thus, there is little or no risk of adverse fracture of a plastic case body during firing.

[0056] The propellant charge discussed above is designed predominantly for break open action firearms. The design does not serve bolt action rifles for two fundamental reasons: a) the large rear rim on the propellant charge would necessarily require a larger bolt head diameter that would ultimately govern and increase the size of the rifle in order to properly and safely house the charge, and the larger size would not be suitable for sporting activities, such as hunting; and b) the need for extraction would require that the rim be accessible outside of the chamber, which would ultimately expose a portion of the propellant charge.

[0057] FIG. 4 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of a bolt action rifle 60 receiving the propellant charge case 32. Propellant charge case 32 has propellant charge 44 sealed at one end by cap 42, and a primer cap 40 located at the opposing end. Propellant charge case 32 is seated within the breech end of barrel 62. Bolt 64 with bolt head 66 is shown extended towards barrel 62, securing propellant charge 32 in the barrel chamber. Rim 41 abuts the breech end of barrel 62. A gap 68 is formed between bolt head 66 and the breech end of barrel 62. Similarly, on the opposing side, gap 70 is formed. Gap 70 is necessary to allow for an extractor 72 to make physical contact with a face of rim 41 presenting towards the barrel muzzle end. However, as noted above, the gap exposes a portion of the plastic casing of propellant charge case 32. Thus, utilizing the propellant charge case of this design is not conducive to a bolt action rifle.

[0058] As described above, a bolt head/extractor combination will not easily accommodate a flush mounted propellant charge without exposing and requiring a gap for extraction purposes. FIG. 5 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of a modified barrel 62 with a gap or notch 74 in the breech end to expose the muzzle facing side of rim 41 and receives an extension, protrusion, or prong 76 of extractor 72. In order to remove an otherwise flush-mounted propellant charge from the breech end of a barrel extension, the barrel notch 74 permits extractor 72 to move towards the propellant charge, such as by rotation in the direction of arrow 78 between the breech end of barrel 62 and the propellant charge rim 41. When extension 76 is inserted within barrel notch 74, extractor 72 may be moved in the direction of arrow 80, parallel to the axis of the barrel, in order to remove the propellant charge case. This necessitates a predetermined amount of radial clearance for notch 74.

[0059] The clearance for barrel notch 74 exposes a portion of propellant charge case 32 to firing pressure, which under certain firing conditions may be capable of breaking the propellant charge case during firing and present unpredictable consequences.

[0060] FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment of the present invention to mitigate this concern. A propellant charge case 80 is presented within barrel 82 of a muzzleloading firearm. The propellant charge case is insertable within the breech end of the barrel 82. The propellant charge case has a cylindrical casing body with a forward or muzzle-facing end, a back or breech-facing end, which defines the base of the propellant charge case, and a central axis 89. The casing body encloses a propellant charge 81.

[0061] At the base of the propellant charge case is a circular disc or rim 86 that extends radially outwards from central axis 89 and beyond the diameter of the cylindrical casing body. In this manner, rim 86 has a larger diameter than the propellant charge case diameter. A protrusion 84, preferably a cylindrical protrusion extending outwardly from the rim in the breech direction, is centrally positioned on the rim top surface and is projected axially away from rim 86, terminating in a top disc 88, generally in the form of a flat, circular disc extending radially outwards with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of cylindrical protrusion 84. This formation presents an extraction receiving gap, such as a slot or hole (preferably, but not limited to, a circumferential slot), between the top disc 88 and the top surface of the rim 86. The extraction gap is configured to receive an extractor 90.

[0062] This design allows for rim 86 to seat flush within a stepped portion at the breech end of barrel 82 in a bolt action firearm. Upon extraction, extractor 90 is placed within the extraction gap 84 and retracted axially in the direction of arrow 92 to pull propellant charge case 80 from barrel 82.

[0063] A central aperture or cavity 91, axially centered about central axis 89, receives a primer or percussion cap 85.

[0064] Top surface disc 88 of cylindrical extension 84 is of an appreciably smaller diameter than the rim of the prior art propellant charge case. This diameter matches that of some commonly used cartridges on the market so that the bolt of a bolt action rifle, and with its associated bolt head, can be of an industry-standard diameter, and therefore, advantageously, the size of the muzzleloader bolt action rifle will not be bigger than most common models on the market.

[0065] As noted above, the present invention may be implemented in a bolt action muzzleloading firearm to facilitate the extraction of a propellant charge case. The bolt action muzzleloading firearm is preferably designed with a barrel having a breech end modified to include a chamber at the breech end adapted to accept a propellant charge case of the present invention, or adaptable to a barrel extension at the breech end of the barrel, where the barrel extension is modified to include a similar chamber.

[0066] The chamber receives the propellant charge case, wherein the chamber extends through the barrel breech end (or barrel extension breech end) to a narrowing portion in the barrel. The narrowing portion having a smaller diameter than a largest diameter of a projectile inserted in the muzzle end of the barrel, such that loading the projectile into the barrel from the barrel breech end or inserting the projectile into the chamber from the muzzle end is physically prohibited.

[0067] The propellant charge case used in the bolt action muzzleloading firearm is insertable within the chamber. It has a cylindrical casing body with a forward end, a back end, and a central axis, and encapsulates a propellant charge of predetermined amount.

[0068] At the back end of the propellant charge casing body is the base, which presents an exposed top surface and includes an axially located central cavity that extends from the base top surface to the encapsulated propellant charge. The central cavity is configured with a diameter for receiving a primer or percussion cap.

[0069] In one embodiment, the base of the propellant charge casing further includes a rim radially extending outwards from the central axis. The rim has a forward surface with a face exposed in the direction of the muzzle end of the firearm. The propellant charge case is inserted into the chamber such that the rim's forward surface face is flush against the breech end of a barrel or a barrel extension.

[0070] As noted above, a gap is formed adjacent to, and axially distanced from, the rim forward breech-exposed surface in a direction of the base top surface, such that the gap is exposed outside the barrel breech end when the propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end. In at least one embodiment, the gap is a formed slot. In another embodiment, the slot is circumferentially exposed.

[0071] The bolt action muzzleloading firearm includes an extractor having an extractor extension, prong, or protrusion, located preferably on the bolt, on or proximate to the bolt head. The extractor is removably insertable within the slot, such that after firing, upon movement of the bolt away from the barrel breech end, the extractor pulls the propellant charge case out of the breech end of the barrel.

[0072] FIG. 7 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 6, showing a bolt 100 with bolt head 102 secured against barrel 82 and propellant charge case 80. Propellant charge case 80 securing a propellant charge 81 secured by a cap 83 at one end, and a primer 85 at the other. As depicted, bolt head 102 is positioned flush with the breech end of barrel 82 at the top portion 87 of rim 86. Extractor 90 is insertable within extraction slot 84 formed between disc 88 and rim 86. Extractor 90 may be resiliently attached to the bolt head.

[0073] In one embodiment, bolt head 102 includes small extractor therein, which has a radially extending prong to fit into extractor slot or perimeter groove 84. In this manner, even by rotating the bolt and the extractor contained therein, the propellant charge case is never exposed outside the barrel. The rim sits flush against the breech end of the barrel, and the region of the propellant charge case most exposed to pressure is now supported by the walls of the barrel.

[0074] FIG. 8 depicts another embodiment of a propellant charge case of the present invention. This embodiment reflects a reinforced version of the propellant charge case of FIG. 6. In this embodiment, at least a portion 110a of the propellant charge case 110 is constructed of metal, and a portion 110b is constructed of reinforced plastic.

[0075] This metal area 110a has a rim 112, a cylindrical extension 114 extending axially from rim 112, and a top, radially extending disc 116 that together with to the surface of the rim form an extraction slot for receiving an extractor (not shown).

[0076] In the center of metal area 110a is an accommodation for primer 120 that communicates through a small hole 122 and sealed with a fine sheet of plastic material. This metal region 110a has an insert that narrows forward 124. The front of the plastic-made propellant charge case 110b is fixed upon it. At the breech end of the propellant charge case 110, plastic wraps around and is fixed upon the metal insert 124. In yet another embodiment of the propellant charge case of the present invention,

[0077] FIG. 9 depicts a variant of the propellant charge case 130 where the plastic body 132 of the case is coated with metal 134. That is, the metal portion forms the cylindrical tubing that surrounds and forms the breech end of the propellant charge case. This version is a variant of the previous one in which the plastic body of the propellant charge case, instead of coating the metal, is coated by the metal.

[0078] In this model, the sealing of the fire communication duct from the percussion cap or primer to the propellant charge is performed by the same plastic of the cartridge body, and does not require any additional components.

[0079] It should be noted that the partial metal casing of the propellant charge case discussed above can be utilized in a propellant charge case design such as that depicted in FIG. 5, where otherwise exposed plastic may be replaced or hardened with exposed metal.

[0080] In another aspect, a method of extracting the propellant charge case of the present invention from a muzzleloading rifle is presented. A muzzleloading rifle receiver having a barrel with a breech end and a muzzle end is presented with a propellant charge case inserted in the barrel breech end such that the rim of the propellant charge case is flush against the barrel breech end. After firing, a portion of an extractor, such as an extended protrusion, extension, or prong of the extractor, is inserted into a slot between a cutout portion of the barrel breech end and the propellant charge case rim, or a gap formed on the top of the propellant charge case rim by a disc cap and a cylindrical protrusion extending from the rim. The extractor, which is preferably located on or proximate to the end of the bolt in a bolt action rifle, slides away from the barrel breech end with the extraction of the bolt, which pulls the propellant charge case out of the barrel breech end.

[0081] While the present invention has been particularly described, in conjunction with a specific preferred embodiment, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will embrace any such alternatives, modifications and variations as falling within the true scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0082] Thus, having described the invention, what is claimed is: