Ultrasonic probe having flexible stabilizing element for probe alignment

Abstract

A stabilized ultrasonic probe includes a housing, at least one ultrasonic transducer, a flexible delay line, and a stabilizing element. The housing can be tubular and extend from a proximal to a distal end and define a cavity therein. The transducer can be positioned within the housing. The delay line can include recessed and tip portions. The recessed portion can be within the cavity and extend from the transducer(s) to the housing distal end. The tip portion can extend from the housing distal end to a distal terminal end of the delay line. The stabilizing element can be coupled to the housing distal end and extend distally from the housing distal end to a target facing surface. The stabilizing element can circumferentially surround at least part of the delay line tip portion. A stabilizing element modulus can be greater than or equal to a delay line modulus.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic probe, comprising: a housing extending from a proximal end to a distal end and defining a first cavity therein; at least one ultrasonic transducer positioned within the housing; a flexible delay line including a recessed portion and a hemispherical tip portion, wherein the recessed portion is positioned within the cavity and extends from the at least one ultrasonic transducer to the distal end of the housing, and wherein the tip portion extends from the distal end of the housing to a distal terminal end of the delay line; and a stabilizing element coupled to the distal end of the housing and extending distally from the distal end of the housing to a target facing surface, wherein the stabilizing element circumferentially surrounds at least part of the tip portion of the flexible delay line wherein an elastic modulus of the material from which the stabilizing element is formed is greater than or equal to an elastic modulus of the delay line.

2. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the housing and the stabilizing element are generally tubular and the stabilizing element defines a second cavity in which the tip portion is positioned, wherein a diameter of the stabilizing element is approximately equal to a diameter of the housing.

3. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the stabilizing element is a spring.

4. The ultrasonic probe of claim 3, wherein a diameter of the spring is approximately equal to a diameter of the housing.

5. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a circumferential cavity positioned therein and extending proximally from the distal end of the housing and the stabilizing element includes: a spring extending between a proximal end and a distal end, wherein at least a portion of the spring is positioned within the circumferential cavity; and a tube coupled to the distal end of the spring, wherein a diameter of the tube is approximately equal to a diameter of the circumferential cavity.

6. The ultrasonic probe of claim 5, wherein the tube is rigid.

7. The ultrasonic probe of claim 5, wherein a spring constant of the spring is configured such that an effective elastic modulus of the stabilizing element is approximately equal to or greater than elastic modulus of the delay line.

8. The ultrasonic probe of claim 5, wherein a spring constant of the spring in combination with an elastic modulus of the tube is configured such that an effective elastic modulus of the stabilizing element is approximately equal to or greater than a stiffness of the delay line.

9. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the elastic modulus of the material from which the stabilizing element is formed is within the range from about 0.01 GPa to about 0.2 GPa.

10. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the delay line is formed from a solid and has an elastic modulus within the range from about 0.01 GPa to about 0.2 GPa.

11. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the delay line is a formed from a liquid and has a compression modulus within the range from about 0.8 GPa to about 4.5 GPa.

12. The ultrasonic probe of claim 11, wherein the liquid is an ultrasonic couplant.

13. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer is a single ultrasonic transducer.

14. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer is an array including a plurality of linear ultrasonic transducers.

15. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer is a two-dimensional matrix array including a plurality of ultrasonic transducers.

16. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the tip portion of the flexible delay line extends a first distance from the distal end of the housing and the stabilizing element extends a second distance from the distal end of the housing, the first distance greater than the second distance.

17. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the housing and the stabilizing element are generally polygonal.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) These and other features will be more readily understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment of an ultrasonic probe including a flexible delay line, where the ultrasonic probe is aligned for normal incidence of emitted ultrasonic signals with a target surface;

(3) FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating the ultrasonic probe of FIG. 1A, where the ultrasonic probe is tilted away from normal incidence with the target surface

(4) FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a side cross-sectional view of one exemplary an improved ultrasonic probe including a flexible stabilizing element;

(5) FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a perspective view of the ultrasonic probe of FIG. 2A;

(6) FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating a side cross-sectional view of the improved ultrasonic probe of FIG. 2A;

(7) FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a perspective view of the improved ultrasonic probe of FIG. 2A including a single ultrasonic transducer;

(8) FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a perspective view of the improved ultrasonic probe of FIG. 2A including a linear array of ultrasonic transducers;

(9) FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating a perspective view of the improved ultrasonic probe of FIG. 2A including a matrix array of ultrasonic transducers;

(10) FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a side cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the improved ultrasonic probe;

(11) FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a perspective view of the improved ultrasonic probe of FIG. 4A;

(12) FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating a side cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the improved ultrasonic probe; and

(13) FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a perspective view of the improved ultrasonic probe of FIG. 5A.

(14) It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are intended to depict only typical aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) Ultrasonic inspection is a type of non-destructive testing technique that can be used to inspect characteristics of a target, without causing damage, to ensure that the inspected characteristics of the target satisfy required specifications. Ultrasonic signals (e.g., pressure waves) are emitted from an ultrasonic transducer and properties of reflected ultrasonic echoes can be measured by the ultrasonic transducers (e.g., amplitude, time of flight, etc.) and subsequently analyzed to identify characteristics of defects detected within the inspected part. As described in greater detail below, an ultrasonic probe is provided that includes a flexible stabilizing element. The flexible stabilizing element limits the degrees of freedom of movement of the ultrasonic probe, making it easier to direct emitted ultrasonic signals approximately perpendicular with the surface of the target. This orientation minimizes refraction of the ultrasonic signals and maximizes the strength (amplitude) of detected ultrasonic echoes. The flexibility of the stabilizing element can be further configured to accommodate contours in the surface of the target, similar to the flexible delay line, further facilitating alignment of the ultrasonic probe.

(16) Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to use of a flexible stabilizing element for alignment of ultrasonic probes. However, embodiments of the disclosure can be employed for alignment of other systems without limit.

(17) FIGS. 2A-2B are diagrams illustrating a side cross-sectional view and a perspective view, respectively, of one exemplary embodiment of an improved ultrasonic probe 200. FIG. 2C illustrates the ultrasonic probe 200 in contact with a target 202 including a contoured surface 204. As shown, the ultrasonic probe 200 includes one or more ultrasonic transducers 206, a housing 205, a flexible delay line 210, and a stabilizing element 214.

(18) The housing 205 can be generally tubular, extending in a longitudinal direction (e.g., along the z-axis) from a proximal end 205p to a distal end 205d. The housing 205 can be hollow and define a first cavity 218. As discussed in greater detail below, the ultrasonic transducers 206 and a portion of the flexible delay line 210 can be positioned within the first cavity 218

(19) The cross-sectional shape of the housing 205 can adopt a variety of configurations. As shown, the housing 205 is cylindrical with a circular cross-sectional shape. However, in alternative embodiments, the cross-sectional shape can adopt other shapes (e.g., polygonal such as square).

(20) The flexible delay line 210 can include a recessed portion 210r and a tip portion 210t. The recessed portion 210r of the flexible delay line 210 can be positioned within the first cavity 218 and it can extend from the ultrasonic transducers 206 (e.g., in contact with the ultrasonic transducers 206) to the distal end 205d of the housing 205. The tip portion 210t of the flexible delay line 210 can extend from the distal end 205d of the housing 205 to a distal terminal end 216 of the flexible delay line 210.

(21) In certain embodiments, the flexible delay line can be formed from a solid material. In other embodiments, the flexible delay line can be a fluid. As an example, the fluid can be bounded by the housing and a membrane defining the tip portion. In certain embodiments, the fluid can be an ultrasonic couplant configured to facilitate transmission of ultrasonic waves therethrough. Examples of ultrasonic couplants can include, but are not limited to, water, oil, glycerin, etc.

(22) The flexible stabilizing element 214 can be coupled to the distal end 205d of the housing 205 and extend distally (e.g., longitudinally, in the z-direction) from the distal end 205d of the housing 205 to a target facing surface 214s. The flexible stabilizing element 214 can be generally tubular and have approximately the same cross-sectional shape as the housing 205 and defining a second cavity 215. As an example, a diameter D.sub.s of the flexible stabilizing element 214 can approximately equal to a diameter D.sub.h of the housing 205. So configured, the flexible stabilizing element 214 can circumferentially surround at least part of the tip portion 210t of the flexible delay line 210.

(23) The flexible delay line 210 can be configured to deform elastically within the range of forces applied thereto in service. The flexible delay line 210 can further possess an elastic modulus that allows it to conform to contours 204 on the surface of the target 202, while also constraining the ultrasonic probe 200 from tilting (e.g., non-zero angles α and/or β). This configuration can facilitate normal incidence between a direction of propagation 212 of the emitted ultrasonic signal and the surface of the surface of the target 102.

(24) In general, the elastic modulus of the flexible stabilizing element 214 can be greater than or equal to an elastic modulus of the flexible delay line 210. As an example, the elastic modulus of the material from which the flexible stabilizing element 214 is formed can be within the range from about 0.01 GPa to about 0.2 GPa. When formed from a solid, the elastic modulus of material from which the flexible delay line 210 is formed can be within the range from about 0.01 GPa to about 0.2 GPa. When formed from a liquid, the compression modulus of the flexible delay line 210 can be within the range from about 0.8 GPa to about 4.5 GPa.

(25) The one or more ultrasonic transducers 206 can adopt a variety of configurations. FIG. 3A illustrates the one or more ultrasonic transducers 206 in the form of a single ultrasonic transducer 300. FIG. 3B illustrates the one or more ultrasonic transducers 206 in the form of an array of linear ultrasonic transducers 302. FIG. 3C illustrates the one or more ultrasonic transducers 206 in the form of a matrix array (e.g., a two-dimensional array) of ultrasonic transducers 304.

(26) FIGS. 4A-4B are diagrams illustrating a side cross-sectional view and a perspective view, respectively, of a second exemplary embodiment of an improved ultrasonic probe 400. The ultrasonic probe 400 can be similar to the ultrasonic probe 200 except that the flexible stabilizing element 214 is replaced with a flexible stabilizing element 414 in the form of a coil spring.

(27) The flexible stabilizing element 414 can be coupled to the distal end 205d of the housing 205 and extend distally (e.g., longitudinally, in the z-direction) from the distal end 205d of the housing 205 to a target facing surface 414s. The flexible stabilizing element 414 can have approximately the same cross-sectional shape as the housing 205 and defining a third cavity 415. As an example, a diameter D′.sub.s of the flexible stabilizing element 214 can approximately equal to the diameter D.sub.h of the housing 205. So configured, the flexible stabilizing element 214 can circumferentially surround at least part of the tip portion 210t of the flexible delay line 210.

(28) In general, the spring constant of the flexible stabilizing element 414 can be configured such that the flexible stabilizing element 414 exhibits an effective elastic modulus that is greater than or equal to the elastic modulus of the flexible delay line 210. When formed from a solid, the elastic modulus of the flexible delay line 210 can be within the range from about 0.01 GPa to about 0.2 GPa. When formed from a liquid, the compression modulus of the flexible delay line 210 can be within the range from about 0.8 GPa to about 4.5 GPa.

(29) FIGS. 5A-5B are diagrams illustrating a side cross-sectional view and a perspective view, respectively, of a third exemplary embodiment of an improved ultrasonic probe 500. The ultrasonic probe 500 can be similar to the ultrasonic probe 200 except that the housing 205 and flexible stabilizing element 214 are modified.

(30) As compared to the ultrasonic probe 200, the housing 205 of the improved ultrasonic probe 500, is replaced by housing 505. The housing 505 extends from a proximal end 505p to a distal end 505d and defines a cavity 518 therein. A circumferential cavity 502 is further formed within the sidewalls and extends proximally from the distal end 505d of the housing 505.

(31) As compared to the ultrasonic probe 200, the flexible stabilizing element 214 is replaced with a flexible stabilizing element 514 in the form of a coil spring 516 and a second housing 520. In certain embodiments, the second housing can take the form of a tube. The spring 516 can extend between a proximal end 516p and a distal end 516d. At least a portion of the spring 516 can be positioned within the circumferential cavity 502.

(32) The second housing 520 can be coupled to the distal end 516d of the spring 216 and extend distally (e.g., longitudinally, in the z-direction) from the distal end 205d of the housing 205 to a target facing surface 520s. The second housing 520 can be generally tubular and have approximately the same cross-sectional shape as the housing 505 and define a cavity 515. As an example, a diameter D″.sub.s of the housing 515 can approximately equal to a diameter D.sub.c of the circumferential cavity 502. So configured, the second housing 520 can circumferentially surround at least part of the tip portion 210t of the flexible delay line 210.

(33) Similar to the ultrasonic probes 200, 400, the flexible stabilizing element 514 can further possess an elastic modulus that allows it to conform to contours 204 on the surface of the target 202, while also constraining the ultrasonic probe 500 from tilting (e.g., non-zero angles α and/or β). As an example, The spring constant of the spring 516 and the elastic modulus of the second housing 520 can be configured such that the flexible stabilizing element 514 exhibits an effective elastic modulus that is greater than or equal to an elastic modulus of the flexible delay line 210 and is approximately equal to an elastic modulus of the second housing 520. As an example, when formed from a solid, the elastic modulus of the flexible delay line 210 can be within the range from about 0.01 GPa to about 0.2 GPa. When formed from a liquid, the compression modulus of the flexible delay line 210 can be within the range from about 0.8 GPa to about 4.5 GPa.

(34) Exemplary technical effects of the methods, systems, and devices described herein include, by way of non-limiting example ultrasonic probes providing improved alignment capability. The ultrasonic probes include a flexible stabilizing element. The flexible stabilizing element limits the degrees of freedom of movement of the ultrasonic probe, making it easier to achieve normal incidence of emitted ultrasonic signals with the surface of the target. The flexibility of the stabilizing element is further configured to accommodate contours in the surface of the target, similar to the flexible delay line.

(35) Certain exemplary embodiments have been described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of the systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of these embodiments have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the systems, devices, and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is defined solely by the claims. The features illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with the features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Further, in the present disclosure, like-named components of the embodiments generally have similar features, and thus within a particular embodiment each feature of each like-named component is not necessarily fully elaborated upon.

(36) Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise.

(37) One skilled in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the invention based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, the present application is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.