Abstract
A drill string for rotary drilling of underground mining machines includes a first elongate drill string member and a second elongate drill string member. The first member has a main section and a male end, and the second member has a main section and a female end. The male and female ends each have respective threads to provide a thread coupling between the male and female ends, the thread coupling enabling the male end to be secured inside the female end such that the male and female ends overlap axially. A thread lead of the respective threads of the male and the female ends are greater than a diameter of the male end and the female end.
Claims
1. A drill string for rotary drilling of underground mining machines, the drill string comprising: a first elongate drill string member having a main section and a male end; and a second elongate drill string member having a main section and a female end, the male end and the female end have each having respective threads arranged to provide a thread coupling between the male end and the female end, the thread coupling enabling the male end to be secured inside the female end such that the male end and the female end overlap axially, wherein a thread lead of the respective threads of the male end and the female end is greater than a diameter of the male end and a diameter of the female end.
2. The drill string according to claim 1, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end are multi-start threads.
3. The drill string according to claim 1, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end are double-start threads.
4. The drill string according to claim 2, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end are triple-start threads.
5. The drill string according to claim 1, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end are right-handed threads.
6. The drill string according to claim 1, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end are rope threads or trapezoidal threads.
7. The drill string according to claim 2, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end each has a diameter in a range approximately between 16 mm and 25 mm, and a lead angle of the threads is greater than 17°.
8. The drill string according to claim 1, wherein the underground mining machine is a bolting machine or bolter miner.
9. A threaded coupling for connecting drill string members to form a drill string according to claim 1, wherein the threaded coupling comprises: a male end having a first axial length; a hollow female end having a second axial length, the male end and the female end each having respective threads to enable the male end to be secured inside the female end such that at least a part of the first axial length of the male end and a part of the second axial length of the female end overlap axially to form the threaded coupling.
10. The threaded coupling according to claim 9, wherein the respective threads of the male end and the female end each have a diameter in a range approximately between 18 mm and 25 mm, and a lead angle of the threads is greater than 17°.
11. The threaded coupling according to claim 9, wherein a diameter of the respective threads of the male end and the female end is approximately equal to 16 mm, and a lead angle of the threads is greater than 20°.
12. A rod adaptor for a rotary drilling machine, comprising: a first end; a second end, positioned towards a drill string according to claim 1, wherein the second end and a corresponding end of the drill string each have respective threads arranged to enable the rod adaptor to be secured to the drill string; and an elongate body extending between the first end and the second end.
13. The rod adaptor according to claim 12, wherein the rod adaptor is a drive adaptor, the first end of the drive adaptor is being positioned towards a drive system of the drilling machine, so that the drive system transmits power to the drive adaptor and further to the drill string.
14. The rod adaptor according to claim 12, wherein the rod adaptor is a bit adaptor, the first end of the bit adaptor is being positioned towards a drill bit of the drilling machine, so that power transmitted to the bit adaptor is further transmitted to the drill bit for drilling.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] A specific implementation of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0031] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a drill rod according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0032] FIG. 1B is a planar view of the drill rod of FIG. 1A, with a cross sectional view of the female end, according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0033] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a drive adaptor according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0034] FIG. 2B is a planar view of the drive adaptor of FIG. 2A according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0035] FIG. 2C is another planar view of the drive adaptor of FIG. 2A according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0036] FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a bit adaptor according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0037] FIG. 3B is a planar view of the bit adaptor of FIG. 3A, with a cross sectional view of the threaded end, according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0038] FIG. 4A is a planar view of the drive adaptor in FIGS. 2A-2B and the bit adaptor in FIGS. 3A-3B connected to a drill string according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0039] FIG. 4B is another planar view of the drive adaptor in FIGS. 2A-2B and the bit adaptor in FIGS. 3A-3B connected to a drill string according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
[0040] FIG. 5A is a planar view of a male thread of FIG. 1A-1B, FIG. 2A-2B;
[0041] FIG. 5B is a cross sectional view A-A′ of the male thread in FIG. 5A;
[0042] FIG. 6A is a planar view of a female thread of FIG. 1A-1B, FIG. 3A-3B;
[0043] FIG. 6B is a cross sectional view B-B′ of the female thread in FIG. 6B;
[0044] FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a threaded coupling in FIG. 4A-4B according to a specific implementation of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a drill rod 100 according to a specific implementation of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1A, the drill rod 100, which can be used in a bolting machine or bolter miner, includes an elongate rod body 101, a first end 102, and a second end 103. An outside diameter of the elongate rod body 101 increases at each end 102, 103 to form a radially flared end coupling region respectively. The first end 102 is a male end with external threads, and the second end 103 is a female end with internal threads. The male threaded end 102 of the drill rod 100 is cooperative with a female threaded end of a next extension rod, and the female threaded end 103 of the drill rod 100 is cooperative with a male threaded end of a previous extension rod, to provide thread couplings between the extension rods. The thread coupling enables the male end to be secured inside the female end such that the male end and the female end overlap axially. A plurality of drill rods 100 engaging with one another forms an elongate drill string, where one end of the drill string is connected to a drill bit that is drilling into a land surface or rock stratum, and the other end of the drill string is connected to a drive unit that drives the drilling.
[0046] FIG. 1B is a planar view of the drill rod 100 of FIG. 1A, with a cross sectional view of the female end 103, according to a specific implementation of the present invention. The major diameter D.sub.M of the male end 102 is approximately the same as the major diameter D.sub.FI of the female end 103. An outer diameter D.sub.FO of the female end 103 is equal to or slightly larger than an outer diameter of the rod body 101. The rod body 101, and the male and female ends 102, 103 are aligned axially. In the axial direction 107 towards the rod body 101, a shoulder 104 is configured in a region adjacent the male end 102, and an outermost surface 105 of the female end 103 substantially perpendicular to the axle 107 of the drill rod 100 rests against the shoulder 104 when the male and female ends are coupled together in a connection. In the axial direction 107 towards the rod body 101, a tapering shoulder 106 is configured in a region adjacent the female end 103, which creates an expanded region 108 between the rod body 101 and the female end 103, the outer diameter D.sub.1 of the expanded region 108 can be equal to the radially outermost diameter D.sub.2 of the shoulder 104.
[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the thread lead of the respective threads of the male end 102 and the female end 103 is greater than the major diameter D.sub.M/D.sub.FI of the male end 102 and the female end 103. Preferably in this embodiment, the male and female threads are multi-start threads, more specifically, the threads of the male end 102 and the female end 103 can be double-start threads or triple-start threads. Advantageously, such configuration minimises the uncoupling torque of the threaded coupling between the male and female ends, and thus the male and female ends can be easily disconnected, e.g., by hand. By way of example, the male end 102 and the female end 103 are double-start threads, and the thread lead, which is double the pitch of the threads, is configured to be greater than the major diameter D.sub.M/D.sub.FI of the male end and the female ends 102, 103. By way of another example, the male end 102 and the female end 103 are triple-start threads, and the thread lead, which is triple the pitch of the threads, is configured to be greater than the major diameter D.sub.M/D.sub.FI of the male end and the female ends 102, 103.
[0048] In one embodiment, the double-start threads are right-handed threads. In another embodiment, the respective threads of the male and female ends are rope threads or trapezoidal threads. By way of example, the threads can be symmetrical threads having rope geometries. In one embodiment, the male end 102 and the female end 103 have double-start rope threads, where given the major diameter of the male thread being 20 mm, the lead angle of the double-start thread can be greater than 22°, advantageously, the uncoupling torque of the threaded coupling is minimised. In another embodiment, the major diameter D.sub.M of the male end 102 and the major diameter D.sub.FI of the female end 103 is 25 mm, and accordingly the lead angle of the threads can be greater than 17°, which also largely decreases the uncoupling torque of the threads.
[0049] In other embodiments of the present invention, the major diameter D.sub.M of the double starts threads may be in a range e.g., between 18-25 mm. If the thread lead L.sub.2 is configured to be L.sub.2=25.4 mm, greater than the major diameter D.sub.M/D.sub.FI as aforementioned, the lead angle β can be calculated from the below formula:
tan β=L.sub.2/πD.sub.M
[0050] Based on the formula, by configuring the male and female threads as double-start threads as illustrated in the embodiments of the present invention, the lead angle β can be calculated as:
tan β=L.sub.2/πD.sub.M
where the major diameter D.sub.M=17.7 mm and L.sub.2=25.4 mm
β=24.6°
tan β=L.sub.2/πD.sub.M
where the major diameter D.sub.M=19.7 mm and L.sub.2=25.4 mm.
β=22.3°
tan β=L.sub.2/πD.sub.M
where the major diameter D.sub.M=21.7 mm and L.sub.2=25.4 mm.
β=20.4°
tan β=L.sub.2/πD.sub.M
where the major diameter D.sub.M=24.7 mm and L.sub.2=25.4 mm.
β=18.1°
[0051] Advantageously, the uncoupling torque of the double-start threads coupling can be minimised given that the lead angle β can be configured to be in a range as illustrated above.
[0052] Also, based on the above formula, by configuring the male and female threads as triple-start threads as illustrated above, the lead angle β can be calculated as:
tan β=L.sub.2/πD.sub.M
where the major diameter D.sub.M=15.7 mm and L.sub.2=19.05 mm.
β=21.1°
[0053] Advantageously, the uncoupling torque of the triple-start threads coupling can be minimised.
[0054] The value of major diameters and lead angles are illustrated as embodiments and are not for limitation of the present invention. A person skilled in the art would understand that other embodiments with different values of major diameters and lead angles can be applied.
[0055] Throughout the specification, a double-start rope thread is described as an embodiment of this invention, and it is described for illustrative purpose only, for the person skilled in the art, it will be understood that multiple starts, e.g., a triple start thread is also within the spirit of the present invention, and thus e.g., triple-start rope thread can be used in the present invention for the purpose of decreasing the uncoupling torque of the coupling region of the drill rod.
[0056] Referring to FIG. 1B again, the drill rod 100 includes a groove 109 located on or around the expanded region 108. In one embodiment, there are two grooves 109 recessed from the external surface of the expanded region 108 and circled around the expanded region 108 in a vertical direction. The groove(s) 109 is configured for identifying the drill rod 100 of the present invention with minimised uncoupling torque, from other drill rods with similar appearances.
[0057] FIGS. 2A to 2C illustrate a drive adaptor 200 configured to be coupled between a drive unit and a drill rod 100 as shown in FIGS. 1A-1B. The drive adaptor 200 includes a main section 201, a male threaded end 202 connected to a first drill rod 100, and an end 203 connected to the drive unit to transmit power from the drive unit to the drill rod 100. The male threaded end 202 is configured with similar shape to the male end 102 of the drill rod 100, and thus is configured to be complementary in shape to the female end 103 of the drill rod 100. When the drive adaptor 200 is connected to a drill string including the first drill rod 100, the male threaded end 202 is coupled to the female threaded end 103 of the first drill rod 100, to secure the drive adaptor 200 to the drill string. The axis 207 of the drive adaptor 200 coincides with the axis 107 of the drill rod 100 when the drive adaptor 200 is secured. In one embodiment, the male end 202 of the drive adaptor 200 has a thread lead that is greater than a diameter DM of the male end 202. The threads of the male end 202 can be multi-start threads, and in one specific embodiment, the male end 202 has double-start threads. Advantageously, the usage of double-start threads in the threaded coupling in rotary drilling machines, minimises the uncoupling torque of the threaded coupling, and thus the drive adaptor 200 and the drill string can be easily disconnected, e.g., by hand. In one embodiment, the double-start threads are right-handed threads.
[0058] Referring to FIG. 2C, an annular shoulder 204 projects radially from a middle region of the main section 201, such that a diameter D.sub.S of an outer surface of the shoulder 204 is greater than a diameter D.sub.A of the main section 201. And the diameter D.sub.A of the main section 201 is preferably greater than the outer diameter D.sub.AM of the male threaded end 202.
[0059] By way of example, the male end 202 has an outer diameter D.sub.AM of 20 mm, while the projecting shoulder 204 has a diameter D.sub.S of 25 mm and the main section 201 has a diameter D.sub.A of 22 mm. In one embodiment, the total length L.sub.A of the drive adaptor can be 200 mm.
[0060] By way of example, the male end 202 has double-start rope threads, where given the major diameter of the male thread being 20 mm, the lead angle of the double-start thread can be greater than 22°, thus the uncoupling torque of the threaded coupling is minimised. By way of another example, if the major diameter DM of the male end 102 is 25 mm, the lead angle of the male threads can be greater than 17°, which also largely decreases the uncoupling torque of the threads.
[0061] Referring to FIGS. 2B-2C again, the drive adaptor 200 includes a groove 209 located axially around an expanded region 208 adjacent the male end 202. In one embodiment, there are two grooves 209 recessed from the external surface of the expanded region 108 and circled around the expanded region 108 in a vertical direction to the axle 207 of the drive adaptor 200. The groove(s) 209 is configured for identifying the drive adaptor 200 of the present invention with minimised uncoupling torque, from other drive adaptors with similar appearances. The drive adaptor 200 shown in FIG. 2C is the same drive adaptor 200 as shown in FIG. 2B when rotated axially by 90° to 270°.
[0062] FIGS. 3A to 3B illustrate a bit adaptor 300 configured to be coupled between a drill bit and a drill string of a rotary drilling machine. The bit adaptor 300 includes a main section 301, a female threaded end 303 connected to the last drill rod 100 of the drill string, and an end 302 connected to the drill bit to transmit power from the drill string to the drill bit for drilling into the land surface or rock stratum. The female threaded end 303 is configured with similar shape to the female end 103 of the drill rod 100, and thus is configured to be complementary in shape to the male end 102 of the drill rod 100. When the bit adaptor 300 is connected to the drill string including the last drill rod 100, the female threaded end 303 is coupled to a male threaded end 102 of the last drill rod 100, to secure the bit adaptor 300 to the drill string. The axis 307 of the bit adaptor 300 coincides with the axis 107 of the drill rod 100 when the bit adaptor 300 is secured. In one embodiment, the female end 203 of the bit adaptor 300 has a thread lead that is greater than a diameter D.sub.FI of the female end 203. And in one embodiment, the threads of the female end 203 are multi-start threads, and, the female end 203 has double-start rope threads. Advantageously, the usage of double-start threads in the threaded coupling in rotary drilling machines, minimises the uncoupling torque of the threaded coupling, and thus the bit adaptor 300 and the drill string can be easily disconnected, e.g., by hand. In one embodiment of this present invention, the double-start threads are right-handed rope threads, while in a conventional design, the bit adaptor has left-handed threads which are rope threads or trapezoidal threads.
[0063] Referring to FIG. 3B, a planar view of the bit adaptor 300 with a cross sectional view of the threaded end 303 is shown. In the embodiment of FIG. 3B, the inner diameter D.sub.AF of the female threaded end 303 is 20 mm, and the outer diameter D.sub.BA of the main section 301 is 22 mm. By way of example, the lead angle of the double-start female thread 303 is greater than 22° given the major diameter D.sub.AF of the female threaded end 303 equals to 20 mm, and in one embodiment, thus the uncoupling torque of the threaded coupling is minimised. By way of another example, if the major diameter D.sub.AF of the female end 303 is 25 mm, the lead angle of the female threads is accordingly greater than 17°, which also largely decreases the uncoupling torque of the threads.
[0064] Referring to FIG. 3B, the bit adaptor 300 includes a groove 309 located axially around an expanded region 308 adjacent the female end 303. In one embodiment, there are two grooves 309 recessed from the external surface of the expanded region 308 and circled around the expanded region 308 in a vertical direction to the axle 307 of the bit adaptor 300. The groove(s) 309 is configured for identifying the bit adaptor 300 of the present invention with minimised uncoupling torque, from other bit adaptors with similar appearances.
[0065] The male end 202 in FIGS. 2A-2C, and the male end 102 in FIGS. 1A-1B, each has an axial length L.sub.M. The female end 303 in FIGS. 3A-3B, and the female end 103 in FIGS. 1A-1B, each has an axial length L.sub.F. The internal threads of the female end 103; 303, and the external threads of the male end 102; 202 form a threaded coupling to enable the male end 102; 202 to be secured inside the female end 103; 303 such that at least a part of the axial length L.sub.M of the male end 102; 202 and a part of the axial length of the female end 103 overlap axially. In an embodiment of the present invention, the axial length L.sub.M is 38 mm, and the axial length LF is the same with the axial length L.sub.M, such that the axial length of the male end 102; 202 and female end 103; 303 overlaps with each other.
[0066] FIG. 4A is a planar view of the drive adaptor 200 in FIGS. 2A-2B and the bit adaptor 300 in FIGS. 3A-3B connected to a drill string 400 according to a specific implementation of the present invention. FIG. 4B is another planar view of the drive adaptor 200 in FIGS. 2A-2B and the bit adaptor 300 in FIGS. 3A-3B connected to a drill string 400 according to a specific implementation of the present invention. The drill string 400 shown in FIG. 4B is the same drill string 400 as shown in FIG. 4A when rotated axially by 90° to 270°. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A-4B, the drill string 400 includes at least a first drill rod 100′ and a last drill rod 100″. The first and second drill rods 100′ and 100″ are embodiments of the drill rod 100 shown in FIG. 1A-1B. The first drill rod 100′ is connected to a drive system 402 in one end and is further connected to the drive adaptor 200 via a threaded coupling 401′, and the last drill rod 100″ is connected to a drill bit 403 in one end and is further connected to the bit adaptor 300 via the threaded coupling 401″. The threaded couplings 401′ and 401″ are formed by securing a male threaded end to a female threaded end, and the threaded couplings 401′ and 401″ is a section where an axial length of the male end overlaps with an axial length of the female end. In the embodiments of the present invention, a thread lead of the respective threads of the male and female threaded ends is greater than a diameter D.sub.M/D.sub.FI of the male and female threaded ends, as a result, the threaded couplings 401′ and 401″ have a minimised uncoupling torque, so that the drill string and the drive/bit adaptor can be easily disconnected, e.g., by hand.
[0067] FIG. 5A illustrates a planar view of the male threads 102; 202 of FIGS. 1A-1B, and FIGS. 2A-2B, and FIG. 5B illustrates a cross sectional view A-A′ of the male threads 102; 202. FIG. 6A illustrate a planar view of the female threads 103; 303 of FIGS. 1A-1B, and FIGS. 3A-3B, and FIG. 6B illustrates a cross sectional view B-B′ of the female threads 103; 303. Since the male thread and the female thread are complementary in shape, FIG. 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B are described in combination. In one embodiment, the threads 102; 202 and the female threads 103; 303 are rope threads with at least two starts. Particularly, the rope thread has symmetrical threads having rope geometries, and the threads are right-handed threads in one embodiment. Multi-start thread has an increased thread lead compared with a single-start thread, by configuring the thread lead L2 to be greater than the major diameters D.sub.M; D.sub.FI of the male threads 102; 202 and the female threads 103; 303, the uncoupling torque of the threaded couplings can be minimised. In one embodiment, the male and female threads are double-start rope threads. By way of example, referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B, the thread lead L1 of the male threads 102; 202 and the female threads 103; 303 is 12.7 mm, and the thread lead L2 of each start is 25.4 mm, which is greater than the major diameter 20 mm of the male and female threads. Thereby when the male threads 102; 202 and the female threads 103; 303 are in coupled connection, the uncoupling torque of a threaded couplings is reduced. Moreover, in this embodiment, given the major diameter of the male and female threads equals to 20 mm, the lead angle β as shown in FIG. 6B is greater than 22°, a longitudinal height H1 of thread ridges 501; 601 and thread grooves 502; 602 is configured to be 1.55 mm. In one embodiment, the threads of the male end 102; 202 includes several ridges 501 that have a radius of 5.5 mm, and the threads of the female end 102; 202 includes several grooves 602 that have a radius of 6 mm. While in another embodiment, the threads of the male end 102; 202 includes several grooves 502 that have a radius of 6 mm, and the threads of the female end 103; 303 includes several ridges 601 that have a radius of 5.5 mm.
[0068] The male threaded ends 102; 202 as shown in FIG. 5A-B and the female threaded ends 103; 303 as shown in FIG. 6A-B are connected to form the threaded couplings 401′ and 401″ as shown in FIG. 4A-4B. Referring to FIG. 7, a cross sectional view of a threaded couplings 401′ and 401″ according to a specific implementation of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the first axial length LM of the male ends 102; 202 and the second axial length LF of the female ends 103; 303 overlaps axially to form the threaded couplings 401′ and 401″. The axis of the male ends 102; 202, and the axis of the female ends 103; 303 coincides with each other to form an axis 707 of the threaded couplings 401′ and 401″, and a fluid passage for flushing is formed in the axial direction 707 by intercommunicating a hollow region 702 in the female ends 103; 303 and a hollow region 702 in the male ends 102; 202.
[0069] By using multi-start rope thread, setting the thread lead of the thread to be greater than the major diameter of the thread becomes possible, and thus, an increased lead angle can be provided to reduce the uncoupling torque of the threaded couplings.
