CONSTRUCTION MACHINE FOR SPECIAL CIVIL ENGINEERING

Abstract

A construction machine for special civil engineering has a leader on which an advancing carriage is guided, which carriage has a holder for a work device, in particular a drilling rig or pile-driving implement, and which can be moved along the leader by way of a first advancing cable (upper cable) and a second advancing cable (lower cable), by way of a drive winch or a drive cylinder, wherein the advancing carriage is connected with the advancing cables and wherein at least one of the advancing cables is attached to a fixed point on the leader and/or the advancing carriage, wherein at least one fixed point is formed by a cable tensioner attached to the leader or the advancing carriage. At least one cable tensioner includes a tensioning drum on which an end-side section of an advancing cable is attached with multiple cable windings.

Claims

1. A construction machine comprising: (a) a leader; (b) an advancing carriage guided on the leader and comprising a holder for a work device; (c) a first advancing cable and a second advancing cable for moving the advancing carriage along the leader; (d) a drive winch or a drive cylinder connected with the first advancing cable and the second advancing cable for displacing the advancing carriage using the first advancing cable and the second advancing cable; wherein at least one of the first advancing cable and the second advancing cable is attached to a first fixed point on the leader or to the advancing carriage or to both the leader and the advancing carriage; wherein a second fixed point is formed by a cable tensioner attached to the leader or the advancing carriage; and wherein the cable tensioner comprises a tensioning drum and an end-side section of the first advancing cable or the second advancing cable is attached on the tensioning drum with a plurality of cable windings of the first advancing cable or the second advancing cable.

2. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the work device is a drilling rig or a pile-driving implement.

3. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the end-side section of the advancing cable is attached to the tensioning drum with at least three cable windings.

4. The construction machine according to claim 1, further comprising a clamping wedge, wherein the end-side section of the first advancing cable or the second advancing cable held by the tensioning drum is attached to the tensioning drum of the cable tensioner by way of the clamping wedge.

5. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the first and second advancing cables are wound onto a drum on the drive winch with a first end, or are guided by way of drive carriage deflection rollers of a drive carriage, wherein the drive carriage is displaceable by way of the drive cylinder attached to the leader.

6. The construction machine according to claim 5, wherein the drive cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder.

7. The construction machine according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the first and second advancing cables is deflected by way of at least one deflection roller affixed to the advancing carriage, and attached to the second fixed point on the leader with a second end of the at least one of the first and second advancing cables.

8. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the leader is a telescoping leader that comprises a first leader part, a second leader part guided on the first leader part, and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the second leader part is displaceable by the hydraulic cylinder in a longitudinal direction along the first leader part, wherein the first advancing cable and the second advancing cable are respectively attached with a first fixed point of the first leader part with a first end and with a second fixed point of the advancing carriage with a second end.

9. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the cable tensioner has a lock configured to lock the tensioning drum in at least one position of rotation.

10. The construction machine according to claim 9, wherein the lock comprises a locking bolt insertable through a first securing bore of a first bore pattern of a cable tensioner housing that surrounds the tensioning drum, at least in certain regions, into a second securing bore of a second bore pattern arranged in the tensioning drum and/or wherein the lock comprises a brake.

11. The construction machine according to claim 10, wherein the first bore pattern of the cable tensioner housing and the second bore pattern of the tensioning drum have different angle scales.

12. The construction machine according to claim 11, wherein two securing bores are arranged in the cable tensioner housing at an angle of 150° relative to one another with reference to an axis of rotation of the tensioning drum, and six securing bores are present in the tensioning drum, wherein the six securing bores are arranged at an angle of 60° relative to one another with reference to the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum.

13. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the tensioning drum is connected with a motor for driving the tensioning device and/or wherein the tensioning drum is connected with a gear mechanism and/or wherein the tensioning drum has holders for attaching a chain hoist or a tensioning apparatus other than a chain hoist.

14. The construction machine according to claim 13, wherein the gear mechanism is a worm gear mechanism or an epicyclic gear mechanism or a cycloid gear mechanism.

15. The construction machine according to claim 13, wherein the gear mechanism is a self-locking gear mechanism that is configured so that drive cannot take place by way of the tensioning drum.

16. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the cable tensioner comprises at least one sensor for detecting a cable tension that is in effect.

17. The construction machine according to claim 16, wherein the sensor is connected with an evaluation and display module for displaying the current cable tension and/or connected with a control and regulation device for control of a motor connected with the tensioning drum, wherein the control and regulation device is set up for automatically correcting the cable tension by way of controlling the motor, based on a comparison of actual cable tension values determined by the sensor with a stored reference cable tension value or a stored reference cable tension range and/or wherein the at least one sensor for detecting the applied cable tension is a load pin in the tensioning drum and/or a sensor for detecting the supporting loads of the cable tensioner.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed as an illustration only and not as a definition of the limits of the invention.

[0025] In the drawings,

[0026] FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of a construction machine for special civil engineering;

[0027] FIG. 2 shows the detail representation of the section T of the construction machine from FIG. 1;

[0028] FIG. 3 shows the detail representation of the section S of the construction machine from FIG. 1;

[0029] FIG. 4 shows the representation of the leader of the construction machine from FIG. 1;

[0030] FIG. 5 shows the detail representation of the section Z of the leader from FIG. 4;

[0031] FIG. 6 shows the representation of the section Z of the leader from FIG. 4 in spatial representation;

[0032] FIG. 7 shows the enlarged detail representation of the tensioning apparatus of the leader from FIG. 4;

[0033] FIG. 8 shows the enlarged detail representation of the cable attachment at the tensioning drum of the tensioning apparatus from FIG. 7;

[0034] FIG. 9 shows the schematic representation of the leader of a construction machine for special civil engineering in a further embodiment; and

[0035] FIG. 10 shows the schematic representation of the leader of a construction machine for special civil engineering in a third embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] The construction machine selected as an exemplary embodiment is structured as a drilling rig and essentially consists of a carrier 1 that is connected, by way of a swing arm 2, with a leader 3, on which an advancing carriage 4 is displaceably arranged to hold a drilling implement, not shown. An advancing winch 31 is attached to the leader 3, by way of which winch the advancing carriage 4 can be displaced in both directions along the leader 3. For this purpose, an upper cable 32 and a lower cable 33 are wound up on a drum on the drive winch 31, in such a manner that when one of these two cables is wound up, the other one is unwound, and vice versa.

[0037] The swing arm 2 comprises two swing plates 21 arranged parallel to one another and essentially configured in triangular shape, the corners of which are rounded off. The swing plates 21 of the swing arm 2, lying opposite one another, are connected with one corner with one part 22, 25, of the parallel kinematics, in each instance, so as to pivot, which kinematics are attached to the carrier 1 so as to pivot. With a second corner, the swing plates 21, lying opposite one another, are connected with the leader 3 so as to pivot. The third corner of the swing plates 21, in each instance, is connected with a boom cylinder 23 that is arranged on the carrier 1. At a distance from the boom cylinder 23, a support strut cylinder 24 is attached, so as to pivot, in each instance, in the region of the third corner of the swing plates 21, the cylinder piston of which is attached to the leader 3 so as to pivot, in each instance.

[0038] As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, the lower cable 33 is passed to the advancing carriage 4 along the leader 3 about two deflection rollers 34 attached to the leader, where it is passed around a first deflection roller 41 attached to the carriage to a foot-side fixed point of the leader 3, by way of a further deflection roller 34 attached to the leader 3. The fixed point is formed by a cable tensioning cylinder 5 that is connected with the cable end of the lower cable by way of a clamping wedge 35.

[0039] The upper cable 32 is passed to the advancing carriage 4 along the leader by way of two deflection rollers 34 attached to the leader, and there it is passed to a head-side fixed point of the leader 3 around a second deflection roller 42 attached to the carriage. The cable guidance of upper cable 32 and lower cable 33 around the deflection rollers 41, 42 attached to the advancing carriage 4 is shown in FIG. 3. As is evident there, the two deflection rollers 41, 42 are connected with the advancing carriage by way of spring packages 43.

[0040] The head-side fixed point is formed by a cable tensioner 6. The cable tensioner 6 is shown in FIG. 2. It comprises a tensioning drum 61, which is mounted in a tensioning housing 62 so as to rotate. The upper cable 32 is attached to the tensioning drum 61 by means of three cable windings, wherein the cable end of the upper cable 32 is connected with the tensioning drum 61 by way of a clamping wedge 611 and a clamping bolt 616. The width of the tensioning drum 61 is selected in such a manner that at least one free winding is present to hold the cable during the course of a re-tensioning process.

[0041] The tensioning drum 61 can be locked in place in different positions of rotation by way of a locking bolt 63. In this regard, the locking bolt penetrates both the tensioning housing 62 and the tensioning drum 61 mounted in it. For this purpose, a first bore pattern is introduced into the tensioning housing 62, which pattern comprises two securing bores 621 that are arranged offset from one another by an angle of 150° around the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum 61. Furthermore, a second bore pattern is present in the tensioning drum 61, which comprises six securing bores 612, which are each arranged offset from one another by 60° around the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum 61. By means of the two bore patterns of tensioning drum 61 and tensioning housing 62, locking of the tensioning drum in a raster of 30° is made possible. A reduction in the step width is possible by way of placement of further securing bores 612, 621, for example by means of placement of two further securing bores 621 in the tensioning housing to 10°.

[0042] For connection of tensioning elements, for example a chain hoist 8, threaded bores 613 are furthermore circumferentially introduced into the tensioning drum 61. In FIG. 7, a tensioning eyebolt 614 is screwed into a threaded bore 613 as an example. Furthermore, a hexagon 615 is arranged in the center of the tensioning drum shaft of the tensioning drum 61, by way of which hexagon the tensioning drum 61 can be manually rotated using a hex wrench, not shown. Instead of the hexagon 615, any other suitable tool holder can also be provided. The tensioning drum shaft is firmly connected with the tensioning drum 61.

[0043] For re-tensioning the advancing cables 32, 33, first a tensioning element, for example a chain hoist 8, is connected and preloaded by way of a tensioning eyebolt 614 that is screwed into a threaded bore 613 of the tensioning drum 61. Subsequently, the locking bolt 63 is tightened. The tensioning drum is now rotated by way of the tensioning element, and thereby the upper cable 32 is wound onto the cable drum. After the desired cable tension has been achieved, the locking bolt is passed through a securing bore 621 of the tensioning housing 62 and a securing bore 612 of the tensioning drum 61 that aligns with it, whereby it is locked in place. Subsequently the tensioning element can be removed.

[0044] For re-tensioning, a gear mechanism can also be connected with the tensioning drum shaft as a tensioning element, by way of which re-tensioning by hand is made possible. It is also possible to connect the tensioning drum shaft with a motor that is attached to the leader or the tensioning housing, and by way of which re-tensioning takes place. Automatic re-tensioning would also be made possible by way of such a motor, wherein the motor should be controlled by a control and regulation apparatus, the input variable of which is the applied actual cable tension, and the output variable of which is a predetermined reference cable tension. To detect the applied actual tension, a sensor can be installed for detecting the cable tension, for example in the form of a load pin in the tensioning drum 61 or a sensor for detecting the supporting loads of the advancing cable. On the basis of the measured forces, the applied cable tension can be calculated by way of a calculation module. Alternatively, a memory unit can also be provided, in which cable tensions determined by individual measurements are stored and assigned to the forces determined for them.

[0045] Alternatively or also in addition, the cable tensioner 6 according to the invention can be affixed as a lower cable fixed point (instead of the cable tensioning cylinder 5). By way of the cable tensioner 6 configured in this manner, it is additionally made possible to correct the position of the advancing carriage 4 on the leader 3 and to adjust the end position, for example. Furthermore, the possibility exists of dimensioning the tensioning drum 61 in such a manner that a cable storage area is formed. This arrangement is particularly advantageous if the leader of the construction machine is composed of segments and is adapted as a function of the work task. For example, it can be necessary to disassemble a leader segment when working under bridges. While in the case of construction machines of the state of the art, a different advancing cable must be laid on in the event of such a modification, a correspondingly dimensioned tensioning drum 61 offers the possibility of taking up several meters of advancing cable and dispensing it again in the event of a return to a greater leader length.

[0046] In FIG. 9, a leader 3′ of a further embodiment of a construction machine according to the invention is shown schematically. Here, a drive carriage 7 is mounted in the leader 3′ in longitudinally displaceable manner, which carriage is connected with a hydraulic cylinder 36, by way of which it can be displaced. The drive carriage 7 has two deflection rollers arranged vertically at a distance from one another, a first upper deflection roller 71 and a second lower deflection roller 72. In this embodiment, the upper cable 32 is firmly connected with the advancing carriage 4 and passed over a deflection roller 34 arranged on the leader on the head side, as well as around the first deflection roller 71 of the drive carriage 7, and after that attached to a first fixed point 37 of the leader. The lower cable 33, lying opposite the upper cable 32, is firmly connected with the advancing carriage 4 and passed over a deflection roller 34 arranged on the leader on the head side, as well as around the second deflection roller 72 of the drive carriage 7, and afterward attached to a second fixed point that is formed by a cable tensioner 6. The cable tensioner 6, which is merely indicated symbolically in FIG. 9, corresponds to the cable tensioner 6 described above using FIG. 2.

[0047] Advancing is initiated by the hydraulic cylinder 36, which moves the drive carriage 7 guided in the leader 3′. The movement of the drive carriage 7 is turned into a movement of the advancing carriage 4 in the opposite direction, at twice the speed, by way of the deflection rollers 71, 72. Upper cable 32 and lower cable 33 can be re-tensioned by way of the cable tensioner 6 that forms the one fixed point.

[0048] In FIG. 10, a leader 3″ of a third embodiment of a construction machine according to the invention is shown schematically. Here, the leader 3″ is configured as a telescoping leader, having an outer leader 38 that can be displaced in the longitudinal direction on an inner leader 39, by way of a hydraulic cylinder 36. Outer leader 38 and inner leader 39 are connected with one another by way of the hydraulic cylinder 36. In this embodiment, the upper cable 32 is firmly connected with the advancing carriage 4 and passed over a deflection roller 34 arranged on the outer leader 38, on the head side, and afterward it is attached to a first fixed point 37 of the inner leader 39. The lower cable 33, lying opposite the upper cable 32, is firmly connected with the advancing carriage 4 and passed over a deflection roller 34 arranged on the outer leader 38 on the foot side, and afterward it is attached to a second fixed point that is formed by a cable tensioner 6. The cable tensioner 6, which is also merely indicated symbolically in FIG. 10, once again corresponds to the cable tensioner 6 described using FIG. 2.

[0049] If inner leader 39 and outer leader 38 are displaced relative to one another by way of the hydraulic cylinder 36, then the advancing carriage 4 guided on the outer leader 38 moves at twice the speed. Once again, re-tensioning of upper cable 32 and lower cable 33 takes place by way of the cable tensioner 6, which forms the one fixed point.

[0050] Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is to be understood that many changes and modifications may be made thereunto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.