ACIDIC STICK ANTIPERSPIRANTS AND DEODORANTS

Abstract

Products and methods are disclosed relating to a deodorant stick comprising mandelic acid.

Claims

1. An acidic antiperspirant stick comprising from 1% to 25% of antiperspirants selected from zirconium and aluminum salts, from 0.5% to 10% of alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid, 20% to 70% of lipids and/or silicone compounds, 0.5% to 10% of emulsifiers and/or gelling agents, and from 1% to 25% of a solvent that is liquid at 25° C. selected from water, alcohols, and polyols, wherein the acidic material is soluble in the solvent and stick has an effective pH from 2 to 5.

2. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, wherein the stick is substantially water free.

3. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of a diol and a glycol.

4. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, comprising a thickener selected from a diol, a glycol, a swellable polymer in water, a gum, a swellable mineral, and a gelatinized starch suspension in water, the thickener comprising from 0.5% to 20% of the acidic antiperspirant stick.

5. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, wherein at least 30% of the acidic matter is mandelic acid.

6. (canceled)

7. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, further comprising a sultaine-based surfactant.

8. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, having a soil penetrometer hardness of from 0.4 to 1.3 and an effective pH from 2.5 to 5.

9. The acidic antiperspirant stick of claim 1, wherein the antiperspirant comprises at least one of aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex polyethylene glycol, aluminum chlorohydrex propylene glycol, aluminum dichlorohydrate, aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol aluminum sesquichlorohydrex propylene glycol aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrate, and aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, and has an effective pH from 2.8 to 5.

10. (canceled)

11. An acidic stick deodorant comprising a personal care composition comprising a solid or semi-solid waxy phase comprising one or more waxes, a starch or starch derivative, a thickener, and at least 1% of an alpha-hydroxy acid associated with the thickener, wherein the alpha-hydroxy acid is substantially uniformly dispersed in the stick.

12. The acidic stick of claim 11 having from 3% to 20% water, 1% to 9% alpha hydroxy acid, 5% to 35% silicone compounds, 10% to 40% lipids, 0.5% to 10% emulsifiers or gelling agents, and 2% to 20% starch or starch derivatives.

13. The acidic stick of claim 12 further comprising from 0.5% to 10% of at polyol.

14. (canceled)

15. The acidic stick of claim 11, wherein the thickener is an aqueous mixture comprising at least 0.1% of a starch or starch derivative, a swellable mineral, a gum, a water absorbing polymer, or at least 1% of a polyol having a viscosity at 25° C. of at least 5 cps.

16. The acidic stick of claim 11, wherein the stick comprises at least 3% of a thickener, the thickener comprising at least 1% of an alpha-hydroxy acid at least 5% of at least 0.5% of a starch, a gum, a polyol, or a swellable polymer.

17. (canceled)

18. The acidic stick of claim 11, having a viscosity at 25° C. of at least 100,000 cps, an effective pH between 2 and 5.5.

19. The acidic stick of claim 11, wherein the alpha-hydroxy acid is mandelic acid having a concentration from 1.5% to 9%.

20. A method for preparing an acidic stick deodorant comprising: 1) preparing a thickened aqueous phase comprising at least 3% mandelic acid and a thickener in an aqueous solution; 2) melting one or more waxes and at least one of an oil, a fatty acid, a fatty ester, a fatty alcohol, a soap, and a butter to form a molten waxy phase, 3) combining the thickened aqueous phase with the waxy phase, wherein upon cooling the mandelic acid remains substantially uniformly dispersed in the stick such that crystals of the mandelic acid cannot be readily detected when the acidic stick at 25° C. is applied to human skin.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising 4) one or more silicone compounds that make up from 3% to 40% of the acidic stick, and 5) combining a powder with one of the waxy phase, the combination of the aqueous phase with the waxy phase, or the combination of the waxy phase and the silicone compounds, or the combination of the waxy phase with the silicone compounds and the aqueous phase.

22. (canceled)

23. The method of claim 20, wherein the acidic stick comprises from 3% to 15% water, 0.5% to 7% mandelic acid, at least 2% of a silicone liquid, from 10% to 40% lipids, at least 5% starch, and at least 1% of a polyol liquid.

24. (canceled)

25. The method of claim 20, wherein the thickener comprises water, a polyol, and at least 3% of mandelic acid.

26. (canceled)

27. The method of claim 20, further comprising combining caffeine with at least one of the aqueous phase and the oil phase.

28. (canceled)

29. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] FIG. 1 depicts a stick of deodorant in a dispenser according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] FIG. 1 depicts a stick dispenser 40 comprising a stick of a deodorant or antiperspirant composition 42 contained within the walls of a container 44 having a turnable knob 46 attached to a threaded spindle 48 that drives the motion of an associated platform 49 on which the stick of a deodorant composition 42 rests. Thus, by turning the knob 46, the amount of the stick of a deodorant composition 42 rising above the walls of a container 44 can be adjusted. A cap for the container 44 is not shown. Such dispensers may be filled by pouring a slurry or melt into the dispenser and allowing the slurry to harden, or may be formed by packing solid or semi-solid material into the dispenser and then compressing it and/or heating it to form a suitable deodorant stick.

Further Details

[0064] Many other ingredients may be present in the acidic sticks described herein, including the Vitamin C compounds and other ingredients listed in U.S. RE38623, “Stabilization of ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid derivatives and/or extracts containing ascorbic acid for topical use,” issued Oct. 12, 2004 to S. Hernandez et al.; US Patent Application No. US20070172436A1, “Nonaqueous ascorbic acid compositions and methods for preparing same,” published Jan. 23, 2006 by J. Zhang; and US Patent Application No. 20180071205, “Stable Vitamin C System,” published Mar. 15, 2018 by J. Disalvo.

[0065] In some embodiments, urea may also be present as a solubility enhancer, but in other embodiments, the product is substantially free of urea as well as urea derivatives such as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted urea compounds, and may also be substantially free of other diamides or of other amides in general, particularly those that are not affirmatively described herein as ingredient candidates.

[0066] Products described herein may also comprise various derivatives from fungi and lichens including usnic acid (e.g., from 0.01% to 1.5%), but may also be substantially free of usnic acid and/or substantially free of fungal and/or lichen extracts or derivatives.

[0067] Preservatives may be added if desired, or the product may be substantially preservative free. Preservatives may include phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid or salts thereof such as sodium benzoate, tris(N-hydroxyethyl) hexahydrotriazine, etc.

Examples

[0068] The ingredients mentioned in the Examples below were drawn from the following, unless otherwise specified:

[0069] The ingredients mentioned in the examples below were drawn from the following: [0070] almond oil: Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0071] aluminum chlorohydrate powder: Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0072] arrowroot starch: Bob's Red Mill, Milwaukie, Oreg. [0073] beeswax: Sky Organics, Delray Beach, FLUORESCENT [0074] behenyl alcohol: Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0075] Bentone Gel GTCC V (a gel-making compound comprising pre-dispersed modified hectorite clay in an oleophilic base; INCI name is caprylicc triglyceride and stearalkonium hectorite and propylene carbonate): Elementis, East Windsor, N.J. [0076] C26-28 alkyl dimethicone (Botanisil AD-1): DDChemco, Chatsworth, Calif. [0077] cacao butter: Cacao Butter Wafers, Terrasoul Foods, Fort Worth, Tex. [0078] caffeine: 200 mg capsules, Bulk Supplements, Henderson, Nev. [0079] candelilla wax: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. [0080] caprylyl dimethicone (Botanisil CPM-10): DDChemco, Chatsworth, Calif. [0081] caprylic capric triglycerides MCT: Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0082] castor wax (hydrogenated castor oil): Health and Beauty Oils Center, Ebay.com [0083] cetyl alcohol: Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0084] cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine: Snoqualmie, Wash. (a liquid surfactant used in some baby shampoos due to its gentleness) [0085] coconut oil: LouAna Coconut Oil, Ventura Foods, Brea, Calif. corn starch: Hodgson Mill, Effingham, Ill. [0086] CreamMaker® Behenyl: Making Cosmetics, Snoqualmie, Wash. [0087] cyclopentasiloxane: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. [0088] dimethicone and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone copolymer (Lotioncrafter EL61): Lotioncrafter, Eastsound, Wash. [0089] DM6 dimethicone (dimethicone with a viscosity of 6 cst): Lotioncrafter, Eastsound, Wash. [0090] DM350 dimethicone (dimethicone with a viscosity of 350 cst): Lotioncrafter, Eastsound, Wash. [0091] diphenyl siloxy phenyltrimethicone (Lotioncrafter LC1550): Lotioncrafter, Eastsound, Wash. [0092] ECOMulse™ (an emulsifier made from glyceryl stearate, cetostearyl alcohol, and sodium stearoyl lactylate): Lotioncrafter, Eastsound, Wash. [0093] Ecosil (Fision® EcoSil from Tri-K, a naturally derived blend of hydrogenated ethylhexyl olivate and hydrogenated olive oil unsaponifiables): Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0094] emulsifying wax: Milliard® Emulsifying Wax (cetostearyl alcohol and polysorbate 60), Milliard Brands, Lakewood, N.J. (unless otherwise specified, “emulsifying wax” refers to this product) [0095] ethylhexyl palmiate: Making Cosmetics, Snoqualmie, Wash. [0096] FSS Sensolv (isoamyl laurate): Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0097] hydroxpropylcocoate PEG-8 dimethicone (Botanisil TE-3): DDChemco, Chatsworth, Calif. [0098] cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine: Making Cosmetics [0099] Kostol PGP (an emulsifying wax comprising polyglyceryl-3 stearate, beheneth-5): Koster Keunen, Watertown, Conn. [0100] laponite powder: Laponite XL21, BYK USA, Inc., Gonzales, Tex. [0101] lauryl laurate: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. [0102] lip stick base: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. (a mixture of castor seed oil, cetyl stearyl alcohol, olive fruit oil, beeswax, hydrogenated castor oil, glycine soybean lipids, lauryl laurate, carnauba wax, candelilla wax) [0103] magnesium myristate: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. [0104] magnesium stearate: MarkNature, location unknown. [0105] mandelic acid powder: Pure Health Botanicals, St. Charles, Ill. [0106] panthenol (vitamin B5): L'eternal World LLC, Aurora, Ohio [0107] palmitic acid 98%, Acme-Hardesty, Blue Bell, Pa. [0108] PEG-8 beeswax (esterification of the free fatty acids of beeswax with polyethylene glycol): Koster Keunen, Watertown, Conn. [0109] polyethylene wax: Making Cosmetics, Snoqualmie, Wash. [0110] polymethylsilsesquioxane (Botanisl SP-360): DDChemco, Chatsworth, Calif. [0111] 1-3 propanediol: Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. [0112] propylene glycol: Earthborn Elements, American Fork, Utah•shea butter (unrefined): TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. [0113] Softisan: FSS Softisan 378, Formulator Sample Shop, Iron Station, N.C. (this material is a lanolin-like material made from a blend of triglycerides based on saturated even-numbered, unbranched natural fatty acids of vegetable origin) [0114] stearyl alcohol: Alcohol 1989 N F Pastilles, Acme-Hardesty, Blue Bell, Pa. [0115] sunflower wax: Making Cosmetics, Snoqualmie, Wash. [0116] Synkos 2050 wax: Koster Keunen, Waterford, Conn. [0117] tapioca starch: Erawan Marketing Co., Bangkok, Thailand [0118] TKB gelmaker CC: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif. (this material is a blend of dicaprylyl carbonate, stearalkonium hectorite and propylene carbonate, and is used to create gels) [0119] water is distilled water unless otherwise specified [0120] xanthan gum: Carrington Farms, Closter, N.J. [0121] zinc stearate: TKB Trading, Oakland, Calif.

[0122] Unless otherwise stated, compositions described below were made in a double boiler constructed by using a muffin baking pan with 4×3 muffin wells and external dimensions at the rim of about 13.9 inches×10.6 inches and a well depth of about 1.2 inches and a well diameter of about 2.75 inches, purchased at Walmart in Appleton, Wis. The muffin pan could fit snugly within a large Wilton® baking pan having internal dimensions near the top of the slightly tapered pan of about 14.4 inches×10.8 inches×2 inches, purchased at the same store. During formulation work, the baking pan was placed on a gas stove covering two burners, then filled with water to a depth that allowed the muffin pan to float. The burners could then be turned on to bring the water to a suitable temperature for melting wax and other components in one or more of the wells. The muffin pan came with a detached well that had not been welded to the main pan, a manufacturing defect that provided additional convenience since the loose well could serve as a convenient weighing pan and could, when needed, be placed directly inside one of the other wells to melt and mix ingredients, after which the contents could be weighed if desired to see, for example, how much moisture may have evaporated. The open well port also allowed an easy way to add water conveniently or to preheat utensils such as whisks or spoons.

[0123] Illustrative runs made with significant antiperspirant content are shown in runs P1-P4. Ingredients added to the oil-silicone phase are shown in Table 1A, including the “water phase add (addition),” which states how much of the acid paste for each run was combined with the oil-silicone phase. The respective acid paste composition is shown in Table 1B. The overall composition of the final stick is shown in Table 1C.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1A Several antiperspirant runs with oil-silicone phases. Run: Oil phase + silicone phase P1 P2 P3 P4 aluminum chlorohydrate 5.5 4.2 5.03 3.994 arrowroot starch 2 3.56 3.56 4.15 behenyl alcohol 1.03 Bentone Gel GTCC V 1.608 1.77 C26-28 alkyl dimethicone 1.302 1.56 1.06 1.13 cacao butter 0.45 caprylyl dimethicone 1.949 0.12 1.55 0.90 CreamMaker ® Behenyl 0.69 DM6 dimethicone 6.03 6.63 3.93 2.28 DM350 dimethicone 0.85 0.94 1.72 1.00 Ecosil 1.446 Gelnnaker CC 1.15 0.67 isoamyl laurate (Sensolv) 4.083 4.326 1.737 2.489 Jojoba oil 1.526 0.455 Kostol PGP 0.216 0.409 0.518 panthenol 0.251 0.15 0.217 polyethylene wax 2.143 polymethylsilsesquioxane 2.896 2.547 2.12 2.54 (SP-360) squalane 0.26 0.15 stearyl alcohol 2.5 1.3 3.23 2.076 Synkos 2050 wax 8 7.59 5.261 3.686 Acid paste addition: 7 3.95 7.17 6.05 Water correction (est. evap. 0 0.1 0.05 loss) Total mass (g): 44.19 38.91 42.34 35.02

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1B Acid paste compositions corresponding to the “acid paste addition” listed in Table 1A. Water Phase Composition AP21 AP29 AP30 AP31 Water 10.25 2.46 0.30 Tapioca Starch 0.00 Mandelic Acid 8.89 6.90 1.65 2.80 NAC 3.34 0.80 2.00 Glycerin 0.00 Propane(1,3)diol 20.28 4.14 0.99 5.30 Propylene glycol 0.00 Caffeine 0.00 0.00 NaOH 0.00 0.26 0.06 Alum. Chlorohydrate 3.90 0.93 Allantoin 0.37 GLDA 0.13 Cocoamido Hyd. 1.59 0.47 Sultaine Initial mass: 29.18 28.79 8.99 10.87

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1C Overall percentage of ingredients in final sticks. Summary of Key Components: P1 P2 P3 P4 Aluminum chlorohydrate %: 12.4% 12.2 13.6 11.4% Caffeine %: 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00% Mandelic acid %: 4.83% 2.43 3.12 4.45% Silicone compounds %: 29.5% 30.3 24.5 22.4% Synthetitc wax °/0: 18.1% 19.5 12.4 16.6% Starch %: 4.53% 9.15 8.41 11.8% Water %: 0.00% 3.61 4.39 0.33% Glycerin %: 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00% Esters (with triglycerides) %:  9.2% 11.1 11.7 10.1% Fatty alcohols & acids %: 5.66% 3.34 10.1  5.9% NAC: 0.00% 1.18 1.51 3.18% Diol/glycol %: 11.0% 1.46 1.87 8.42% NaOH: 0.00% 0.09 0.12 0.00% Gelling agents, emulsifiers: 4.13% 5.60 3.94 3.88% Panthenol: 0.57% 0.00 0.35 0.62% Allantoin 0.00 0.70 0.00% GLDA 0.00 0.24 0.00% Hydroxysultaine 3.00 0.75% Total:  100% 100% 100%  100% pH: 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7

[0124] After pouring into round deodorant molds, it was observed that the solid sticks had a good feel and a uniform texture. Sticks AP1 and AP2 were tested on human underarm skin without irritation and no sense of grittiness. The hardness of stick AP2 was measured using an AMS 59032 E-280 Pocket Penetrometer, measured by increasing the applied pressure slowly as the tip engaged the wax until there was a sudden breakthrough and then reading the peak pressure indicated by a movable rubber ring. The units are in kg/sq.Math.cm or tons/sq. foot (1 kg/sq.Math.cm=1.02 tons/sq. foot). A hardness of 1.25 was recorded. Somewhat lower hardness may be desirable in some embodiments.

[0125] This approach to acid stick production is built upon inventive work seeking to overcome the basic challenges of producing an acidic solid stick. The related experimental for that initial phase of developing the inventive product as claimed herein is shown in the examples below, illustrating some of the scope of the novel approach to creating acidic sticks.

[0126] In many runs prior to run 100, separate oil and silicone phases were prepared and heated, and after heating to 70° C. to 85° C., depending on the particular mix of compounds, were then combined in a single well in the double boiler system and mixed by hand with a whisk or whisk and spoon, together or in succession. Then the acid paste/water phase mixture was added and blended using a whisk or combination of spoon and whisk, followed by addition of starch and possible other powdered materials such as polydimethylsilsequioxane. At that point final ingredients could be added such as essential oils and/or caprylyl dimethicone, though in later embodiments (after run 106) caprylyl dimethicone was blended into the silicone and oil phase prior to mixing with the water phase. After blending in of the starch and other powdered ingredients and the final ingredients, if any, the hot mixture was immediately poured into a deodorant mold, using various molds such as repurposed commercial deodorant containers, 15 ml oval shaped deodorant molds, 2.2 ounce round plastic molds, and clear acrylic cylindrical Juvitus® brand (Culver City, Calif.) 1-ounce molds.

[0127] Starting with run 106, all silicone compounds including caprylyl dimethicone, if present, were combined and heated with the oil phase. Starting with run 98, the Bentone gel and dimethicones or other silicone liquids were combined in a large batch, large enough for over 3 runs, and then blended with an immersion mixer before adding to the oil phase and other ingredients, and the mixture was then heated and stirred/whisked together prior to the addition of a heated acid paste, followed by arrowroot starch and polymiethylsilsequioxane powder, when present.

[0128] In Tables 2A through 4C below, ingredients blended into the combined oil and silicone phase are shown in Tables 2A, 3A, and 4A, including oils, waxes, and esters including triglicerides, emulsifiers, silicone compounds, and powders that were blended into the mix. The water phase ingredients (also sometimes called the acid paste) are show in Tables 2B, 3B, and 4B, and the amount of the respective water phase/acid paste blended with the oil and silicone phase is listed as the entry for “Water phase add. (addition)” toward the end of each of Tables 2A, 3A, and 4A, which each have slight differences in the collective group of ingredients used. With the combination of the oil and silicone phase, the water phase, and other final ingredients (arrowroot starch, optionally caprylyl dimethicone, optionally polymethylsilsequioxane and fragrances in some early runs), the calculated net composition by ingredient categories is shown in each of Tables 2C, 3C, and 4C. In some cases, as estimate for water loss during mixing is provided which is based on measured mass losses for water during its blending into a hot oil phase, based on rough measurements made as a heated mass was blended over time, using the removable well as an easy-to-weigh container in some experiments, and considering the duration of time at elevated temperature prior to pouring and cooling. The estimated water loss during processing is entered in Tables 2A, 3A, and 4A below the “Water Phase Addition” numbers.

[0129] Not all runs are shown, sometimes because they involved peripheral experimental work outside the scope of this disclosure, or occasionally involves experimental mistakes (e.g., adding excessive starch) or other problems. Many early runs focused on simply demonstrating the possibility of making a stable and non-gritty deodorant at all with high mandelic acid content and employed combinations with existing commercial products that often resulted in problems with texture, stability, etc. For example, combinations of the acid paste with existing deodorants high in alkaline materials such as sodium bicarbonate or magnesium hydroxide resulted in frothing, instability, or other setbacks or could not reach desired pH levels without excessive and wasteful additional mandelic acid. Some of these are reported but not all.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2A Series of runs with oil, silicone, and water. Run: Oil + silicone phase 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 83 84 85 Arrowroot starch 2.82 2.71 2.81 8.68 3 5.3 7.38 7.31 Beeswax 1.834 Behenyl alcohol 1.281 4.078 2.4 Behenyl CreamMaker 0.523 0.51 0.607 0.60 Bentone Gel GTCC V 3.011 2.51 3.041 2.01 0.8 2.05 2.2 2.45 1.123 1.676 1.67 C26-28 alkyl DM 1.21 4.907 4.628 0.429 1.093 0.62 3.2 1.572 2.514 2.51 Cacao butter 0.929 4.225 7.74 Caffeine (oil/sil. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 Candelilla wax 1.021 1.206 0.743 0.538 0.535 1.754 0.37 0.505 0.50 Caprylic/capric trigly. 5.128 Caprylyl dimethicone 0.3 Castor wax 0.723 0.73 Cetyl alcohol 2.17 3.321 1.623 DM-v-DM copolymer DM6 dimethicone 0.241 0.376 0.25 0.355 1.172 0.262 DM350 dimethicone 20. 0.37 0.638 0.652 0.232 0.917 0.986 0.67 0.495 0.49 DM4200 dimethicone 0.441 Diphenyl siloxy PTM 0.205 0.372 0.353 0.54 0.603 0.154 0.27 0.27 Ecosil 1.777 16.21 10.9 12.84 Ethylhexyl palmiate 1.64 0.87 0.223 0.669 0.402 Glycerin (oil phase) 1.26 0.73 0.635 0.787 0.787 1.569 Hemisqualane 2.99 Hydroxpr.-cocoate 0.841 PEG-8 DM Isoannyl laurate 4.958 2.61 4.26 7.07 7.08 Kostol PGP 0.26 0.403 0.505 0.105 0.176 0.17 Lauryl laurate 4.49 2.3 7.4 3.41 4.028 Magnesium stearate 0.492 Panthenol 0.147 0.285 0.352 0.3 0.151 0.253 0.25 Polymethylsilsesquio 3.011 1.00 2.93 1.85 1.59 Silica dimethyl silylyl 0.78 1.303 0.365 0.48 Squalane 0.904 0.83 0.53 0.383 0.586 0.809 0.399 1.04 Stearyl alcohol 1.69 1.008 2.778 4.068 8 3.033 5.005 5.00 Water phase add.: 9.2 3.07 2.4 2.465 2.433 3.51 3 4 2.63 4.26 4.49 Water loss (est.) 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total mass (g): 23.85 37.41 29.94 26.85 19.09 51.55 41.13 45.73 17.09 34.04 34.2 indicates data missing or illegible when filed

[0130] Not listed are fragrances in some cases. For example, run 74 had 3 drops (0.076 g) of elemi essential oil added before pouring.

[0131] In run 74, the polymethylsilsequioxane powder (3.011 g) was added to a first oil-silicone phase with 1.83 g beeswax, 1.021 g candelilla wax, 0.929 g cacao butter, and 1.21 g C26-28 alkyl dimethicone, while an oil-gel phase was made from 0.841 g of hydroxypropyl-PEG-8 dimethicone, 3.011 g of Bentone gel, 2.999 g hemisqualane, and essential oil. Once heated and blended separately, the two were combined at 80° C. and then 9.2 g of Acid Paste 10 was gradually blended in with a whisk. This occurred in the removable well allowing weighing of the unit before, during, and after the blending process. Acid Paste 10 comprised glycerin as the thickener with about 15% glycerin and about 15% mandelic acid present in the aqueous phase. The final product had 24% water, 6% each of glycerin and mandelic acid, over 21% silicones, etc. The resulting product was too soft and not a viable candidate for a stick, possibly because of too high a water level for a silicone+oil+water+acid+thickener formulation. In this case, in retrospect it is proposed that a water level less than 23%, less than 20%, less than 18%, or less than 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10% or 9%, such as from 2% to 20° A, 3% to 20%, 4% to 18%, 5% to 23%, 1% to 12%, etc., may have been helpful in providing a more suitable, harder composition.

[0132] Several different acid pastes were used for runs 75-85, as shown in Table 2B.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2B Water phase compositions used for “water phase” addition listed in Table 2A for the runs listed. Water Phase ID AP10 AP10A AP 11 AP 12 Used in runs: Composition: 74 75 76-81 82-85 Water 21.7 24.73 31 10.90 Tapioca Starch 0 0.44 1.35 0.47 Mandelic Acid 5.108 4.06 1.878 0.66 NAC 0 0.62 1.901 0.67 Glycerin 5.04 3.40 0 2.50 Propane(1,3)diol 0 0 0 1.10 Propylene glycol 0 0 0 1.52 Caffeine 0 0 0 0.00 NaOH 1.29 0.87 0.00 0.00 Initial mass: 33.14 34.11 36.13 17.82

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 2C Overall percentage of ingredients in final sticks. Run: Oil + silicone phase 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 83 84 85 Caffeine %: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.00   0.00 0.49 0.44 1.10 0.57 0.29 Mandelic acid %: 5.95 0.98 0.42 0.48 0.60 0.35 0.38 0.45 0.54 0.45 0.47 Silicone %: 21.2 68.4 20.0 8.54 7.33 6.27 13.1 12.2 27.3 17.8 17.6 Synthetitc wax %: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Starch %: 0.00 0.11 9.72 10.4 15.2 17.1 7.57 11.9 0.39 21.5 21.2 Water %: 24.4 5.68 6.88 7.51 10.4 5.65 6.26 7.50 8.84 7.19 7.55 Glycerin %: 5.87 0.82 4.21 2.72 3.33 1.53 1.91 3.43 2.03 1.72 1.80 Esters, triglycerides 28.4 16.9 42.5 43.1 40.0 47.3 47.0 39.0 30.1 25.0 26.7 Fatty alcohols, acids 0.00 0.00 5.64 16.6 17.4 16.5 15.7 17.5 16.7 14.4 14.3 NAC: 0.00 0.15 0.42 0.48 0.67 0.36 0.38 0.46 0.54 0.46 0.48 Diol/glycol %: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.12 1.80 1.88 NaOH: 1.50 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gels, emulsifiers: 12.6 6.71 10.2 9.44 4.19 4.48 6.33 6.46 9.56 7.06 7.02 Panthenol: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.55 0.86 0.66 0.83 0.73 0.72 Other (MG + ZN 1.41 Total: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 pH 3.3 3.2 3.0 4.5 3 indicates data missing or illegible when filed

[0133] Table 3A shows formulations used for runs 93-101, with respective acid pastes shown in Table 3B and final stick compositions by category shown in Table 3C.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 3A Series of runs with oil, silicone, and water. Run: Oil phase + silicone 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Arrowroot starch 2.54 3.8 2.51 4.31 3.71 3.82 3.82 3.71 3.55 Bentone Gel GTCC V 0.92 1.06 1.06 1.68 1.82 1.78 1.59 1.65 1.65 C26-28 alkyl DM 2.01 1.45 1.47 1.47 2.59 2.09 2.45 2.4 1.25 Caprylyl dimethicone 1.4 1.3 1.76 1.76 1.74 0 3.4 1.84 1.89 DM6 dimethicone 1.96 2.71 2.97 4.96 5.12 5.69 6.36 6.06 6.06 DM350 dimethicone 0.49 0.29 0.47 0.68 0.86 0.89 0.76 0.86 0.86 Diphenyl siloxy PMT 0.94 Ecosil 0.35 4.01 Ethylhexyl palmiate 1.89 lsoannyl laurate 3.01 1.97 2.18 3.85 3.49 4.12 4.23 4.35 Kostol PGP 0.28 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.43 0.42 0.46 0.46 Panthenol 0.24 0.27 0.11 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.27 0.25 0.25 Polyethylene wax 3.73 5.10 4.68 7.97 8.03 7.06 7.5 8 8 Polymethylsilsesquio 2.1 2.01 2.01 2.95 3.50 3.79 3.79 3.05 3.05 Stearyl alcohol 1.70 1.93 1.89 3.22 3.30 3.33 2.5 2.5 2.5 Synkos 2050 wax Water phase add.: 5.42 5.8 4.72 9.2 7.65 7.55 7.46 7.46 7.4 Water loss (est.) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Total mass (g): 28.8 27.5 25.9 42.1 42.0 40.2 44.0 42.2 41.0

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 3B Water phase compositions used for “water phase” addition listed in Table 3A for the runs listed. Water Phase Composition AP14 AP15 AP16 AP17 AP18 AP18B AP19 Used in runs: 93 94 95 96 97 98 99-101 Water 50 22.2 19.79 20.27 12.27 11.50 19.40 Tapioca Starch 3 0 1.53 1.41 0.90 0.90 1.44 Mandelic Acid 7.94 8 11.93 10.00 6.35 6.35 10.00 NAC 1.28 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Glycerin 14 3.29 2.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Propane(1,3)diol 2.75 0 0.00 1.62 2.42 2.42 2.53 Propylene glycol 2.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Caffeine 1.2 3.2 4.09 4.00 2.54 2.54 3.80 NaOH 0 0 0.66 0.33 0.21 0.21 0.25 Initial mass: 82.21 36.69 40.77 37.63 24.68 23.91 37.42

[0134] As Acid Paste 19 was used in several runs with reheating prior to each use, additional water evaporated. The content of 19.40 g of water initially was estimated to be reduced, in effect (in terms of the overall original composition), to 19.10 g for runs 100 and 100. The resulting composition by percentage of the resulting sticks are shown in Table 3C:

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 3C Overall percentage of ingredients in final sticks. Summary of Key Run: Components: 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Caffeine %: 0.27% 1.84% 1.83% 2.33% 1.87% 1.99% 1.72% 1.81% 1.85% Mandelic acid %: 1.82% 4.60% 5.34% 5.81% 4.68% 4.98% 4.53% 4.77% 4.87% Silicone compounds 30.9% 28.2% 33.6% 28.1% 32.9% 30.9% 38.1% 33.7% 32.0% Synthetic wax °/0: 13.0% 18.6% 18.1% 18.9% 19.1% 17.5% 17.0% 19.0% 19.5% Starch %: 9.52% 13.8% 10.4% 11.1% 9.49% 10.2% 9.33% 9.48% 9.37% Water %: 10.8% 12.0% 8.08% 10.6% 8.10% 8.03% 7.87% 8.39% 8.56% Glycerin %: 3.21% 1.89% 1.24% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Esters, trig lyce rid 18.2% 7.17% 8.43% 9.15% 8.31% 9.97% 9.35% 10.0% 10.6% fatty alcohols & 5.89% 7.00% 7.32% 7.66% 7.85% 8.29% 5.68% 5.93% 6.10% NAC: 0.29% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Diol/glycol °/0: 1.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.94% 1.78% 1.90% 1.15% 1.21% 1.23% NaOH: 0.00% 0.00% 0.30% 0.19% 0.15% 0.16% 0.11% 0.12% 0.12% Gels, emulsifiers: 4.17% 3.86% 5.02% 4.76% 5.29% 5.50% 4.58% 5.01% 5.15% Panthenol: 0.83% 0.99% 0.43% 0.43% 0.48% 0.51% 0.61% 0.59% 0.61% Total:  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100% pH 2.5 2.5-2.9 2.9 2.9 3 2.5 2.8 2.7-2.9 3.2

[0135] Run 93 included some N-acetyl cysteine in the acid paste. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is proposed and believed that the low pH of N-acetyl cysteine coupled with its potential antimicrobial or anti-biofilm capabilities may be compatible with the mechanisms of mandelic acid in enhancing the skin microbiome and thus may be a particularly useful ingredient for a deodorant, although in high concentrations it can provide a sulfurous odor. The 0.3% concentration in this sample did not lead to obvious sulfurous odors and appeared to be compatible with the formulation. Other earlier runs also showed that even higher concentrations of NAC could be successful and gave positive results in testing on human subjects, though the sulfurous smell of NAC was sometimes noted.

[0136] Run 101 was repeated but with 3 different pour temperatures, 78° C., 68° C., and 63° C., with substantially the same quantity poured into identical 2.2-ounce round deodorant molds and cooled to about 72° C. Hardness was measured using the AMS 59032 E-280 Pocket Penetrometer. A hardness of 0.6 was recorded for the pour at 78° C., 0.5 for 68° C., and 0.4 for 63° C.

[0137] Table 4A shows formulations used for runs 102-110, with respective acid pastes shown in Table 4B and final stick compositions by category shown in Table 4C.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 4A Series of runs with oil, silicone, and water. Run: Oil phase + silicone 102 103 104 105 106 108 109 110 Arrowroot starch 3.59 3.56 3.55 3.54 3.55 3.55 3.67 3.62 Bentone Gel GTCC 1.16 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.61 1.62 1.64 1.66 C26-28 alkyl DM 0.95 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.24 Caprylyl 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.84 1.932 1.88 1.96 1.94 DM6 dimethicone 4.25 6.00 6.00 6.01 6.05 6.10 6.17 6.27 DM350 dimethicone 0.60 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.90 lsoannyl laurate 4.3 4.35 4.38 4.38 4.37 4.37 4.36 4.54 Kostol PGP 0.31 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0 0.47 Panthenol 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.27 Polyethylene wax 8.03 8.04 8.03 Polymethylsilsesquio 3.3 2.87 2.86 2.86 2.87 2.02 1.76 1.83 Stearyl alcohol 2.51 2.5 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.5 2.5 2.66 Synkos 2050 wax 8.04 8.04 8.01 8.01 8.09 Water phase add.: 7 7.39 7.39 7.14 7 7.37 7.53 6.75 Water loss (est.) 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total mass (g): 37.8 40.9 40.9 40.6 39.8 40.2 39.9 40.1 indicates data missing or illegible when filed

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 4B Water phase compositions used for “water phase” addition listed in Table 4A for the runs listed. Water Phase Composition AP19 AP20 AP23 AP24 AP25 Used in runs: 102 103 108 109 110 Water 19 20 19 9.7 13 Tapioca Starch 1.44 1.43 1.44 1.56 0.68 Mandelic Acid 10 10 10 11.11 10 Propane(1,3)diol 2.53 2.54 11 6.5 Propylene glycol 0 2.54 Caffeine 3.8 3.8 3.73 3.8 3.8 NaOH 0.25 0.325 0.345 0.347 Initial mass: 37.0 37.8 37.0 37.5 34.3

[0138] As Acid Paste 20 was used in several runs with reheating prior to each use, additional water evaporated. The content of 20.0 g of water initially was estimated to be reduced by evaporation, in effect, in terms of the overall original composition, to 19.5 g in Run 104, 19.2 g for run 105, and 18.9 g for run 106. The resulting composition by percentage of the resulting sticks are shown in Table 4C:

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 4C Overall percentage of ingredients in final sticks. Summary of Key Run: Components: 102 103 104 105 106 108 109 110 Caffeine %: 1.90% 1.82% 1.84% 1.81% 1.82% 1.85% 1.91% 1.86% Mandelic acid %: 5.00% 4.79% 4.85% 4.75% 4.80% 4.96% 5.59% 4.90% Silicone compounds %: 29.0% 31.5% 31.4% 31.6% 32.6% 30.2% 30.1% 30.3% Synthetic wax °/0: 21.2% 19.7% 19.6% 19.8% 20.2% 19.9% 20.1% 20.2% Starch %: 10.2% 9.39% 9.37% 9.39% 9.61% 9.55% 9.99% 9.35% Water %: 8.70% 9.08% 8.97% 8.64% 6.55% 9.17% 4.63% 6.12% Glycerin %: 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Esters, triglycerides 11.4% 10.6% 10.7% 10.8% 11.0% 10.9% 10.9% 11.3% Fatty alcohols & acids 6.63% 6.11% 6.14% 6.17% 6.30% 6.22% 6.27% 6.63% Diol/glycol %: 1.26% 1.22% 1.23% 1.21% 1.22% 1.26% 5.53% 3.18% NaOH: 0.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.16% 0.17% 0.17% Gelling agents, 3.88% 5.14% 5.13% 5.18% 5.21% 5.18% 4.11% 5.31% emulsifiers: Panthenol: 0.68% 0.69% 0.68% 0.70% 0.72% 0.67% 0.68% 0.67% Total:  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100%  100% pH: 2.7 2.5 N/A N/A 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5

[0139] The majority of the runs shown above resulted in sticks that solidified well with a range of textures suitable for a solid stick. Granules of mandelic acid could not be perceived if they were present. Rather, the sticks were smooth and generally seemed highly uniform. A number of products were tested on human volunteers with excellent performance, both in terms of application and non-irritation, but also in terms of odor control performance. Water levels between 3 and 20% or 5 and 15% appeared to be capable of providing surprisingly high concentrations of mandelic acid without the problem of graininess and irritation of the skin. Based on further experimental work in which large quantities of caffeine and mandelic acid were dissolved in various elevated viscosity fluids such as water and tapioca starch, glycerin, propanediol, and propylene glycol, it was observed that these liquids often can be easily saturated with the dissolved solids at elevated temperature (e.g., 70° C., 75° C., 80° C., 85° C., 90° C., 95° C., 100° C., 110° C. and 120° C.) and then, upon cooling to room temperature, while solids can precipitate, the precipitate tends to be very fine and often difficult for human skin to perceive the existence of a solid phase. While mandelic acid dissolved in water alone can readily give large crystals after cooling, the thickened fluids described herein seemed, without wishing to be bound by theory, to help control crystallization to reduce the formation of large grains, though fine feathery, needlelike particles believed to be caffeine crystals could be seen in a microscope. It is also possible that caffeine preferentially precipitated leaving high levels of mandelic acid in the liquid.

[0140] A number of early experimental runs are also described below.

[0141] Run 1. Acid Paste 1 was made by combining 13 g of corn starch and 14.26 g of mandelic acid in 100 ml of water and heating while stirring in a frying pan to form a uniform translucent paste of relatively high viscosity. Approximately 17 g of moisture was lost during preparation.

[0142] An oil phase was made from 1.96 g of TKB lipstick base, 0.68 g of candelilla wax, 0.52 of shea butter, and 1.62 g of emulsifying wax. After melting, 8.17 g of Acid Paste 1 was blended in. Acid Paste 1 was first heated in a microwave to about 60° C. Then 6.06 g of an aluminum-free commercial deodorant, Ivory® Gentle Aluminum Free Deodorant, Hint of Aloe (2.4 ounce), a product of Procter and Gamble (Cincinnati, Ohio), was melted and stirred into the waxy phase. The ingredients of the Ivory® product are: cyclopentasiloxane, stearyl alcohol, magnesium hydroxide, mineral oil, PPG-14 butyl ether, hydrogenated castor oil, petrolatum, fragrance, cyclodextrin, magnesium carbonate, and behenyl alcohol. The alkaline nature of the Ivory® product required a relatively high amount of mandelic acid to be added to ensure a low pH.

[0143] Sodium bicarbonate in the Ivory® product reacted with the mandelic acid and released some carbon dioxide bubbles. After continued stirring and heating, the bubbles died down and the resulting emulsion was cooled. It had a waxy feel but was very firm. Relative to typical commercial deodorant sticks, the viscosity seemed relatively high, but it was tested in underarm use and with multiple passes could deliver what seemed to be a suitable amount. There was no evidence of skin irritation after use. Further, there was no evidence of tangible mandelic acid crystals or phase separation, suggesting such a formula could be used for a deodorant stick. This version comprised both waxy materials, mandelic acid delivered in a thick starchy aqueous paste, and a cyclopentasiloxane base from the Ivory® detergent.

[0144] Mandelic acid content is nominally at least 5.0% (more depending on how much water evaporated from the mix).

[0145] Run 2. The oil phase was made from 9.00 g of beeswax, 2.5 g of emulsifying wax, and 0.78 g of TKB gelling agent. The heated oil phase was combined with 8.9 g of Acid Paste 1 and, after thorough stirring, was further combined with 9.41 g of molten deodorant taken from Mitchum® Natural Power Bamboo Powder Deodorant for women, manufactured by Revlon (New York, N.Y.). The Mitchum® product comprises fatty ingredients, starch, sodium bircarbonate, and other ingredients. The resulting product after cooling was firm but could be applied to the skin. It had an effective pH of about 4.0 and had at least 3.4% mandelic acid.

[0146] Run 3. The oil phase was made from 3.56 g of cetyl alcohol, 3.16 g candelilla wax, 0.17 g zinc stearate, 1.0 g of shea butter, and 1.93 g of lipstick base. After melting, it was combined with 6.0 g of Acid Paste 1, and that was then combined with 10.8 g of molten Ivory® Gentle Aluminum Free Deodorant, Hint of Aloe and cooled. The pliable material was then, while largely solidified, pressed into a deodorant mold from a commercial product. The effective pH was about 6.5 and the mandelic acid content was nominally 2.7%.

[0147] Run 21. Acid Paste 4 was made by combining 13 g mandelic acid in 100 ml of water with 8.35 g arrowroot starch and cooking in a frying pan to create a translucent paste. Then 9.0 g almond oil was combined with 4.26 g stearyl alcohol, 2.68 g cacao butter, 0.200 g caffeine and 1.57 g emulsifying wax. After melting, 2.15 g of Acid Paste 4 was blended in, and then, after slight cooling, 3.68 g of arrowroot starch was blended in. A portion of the hot composition was poured into a 15 ml deodorant/lip balm container. The cooled result had a smooth tactile feel but was also on the firm side. The effective pH was 3.0 and the nominal mandelic acid content was 1.0%.

[0148] Run 22. 7.36 g of the remaining composition from Example 21 was combined with 0.84 g cacao butter, 0.79 g beeswax, 0.34 g shea butter, and 1.37 g arrowroot starch. The resulting mix had a pH of about 5.5 with about 0.7% mandelic acid. This mix was melted again and 1.25 g of Acid Paste 4 was blended in to further lower the pH. The material did not seem firm enough, so it was remelted and blended with 0.44 g stearyl alcohol and 0.6 g arrowroot starch, but the resulting product was too starchy and did not have the intended strength and consistency.

[0149] Run 23. An oil phase was made from 8.9 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 0.91 g cacao butter, 1.00 g shea butter, 2.47 g beeswax, 5.25 g stearyl alcohol, 3.00 g emulsifying wax, 200 mg caffeine, and 1.10 g almond oil. After melting, 4.0 g of Acid Paste 4 was blended in, and then 6.2 g of arrowroot starch was added. The result was too starchy and lacked the strength expected in a waxy composition. A portion of the result, 13.4 g, was melted and combined with 2.1 g stearyl alcohol, 1.15 g almond oil, and 1.35 g candelilla wax. The pH was tested and was on the high side, so the mix was remelted and 4.9 g of additional Acid Paste 4 was blended in. The result had a more acceptable feel and gave an effective pH when wetted of about 3. The nominal mandelic acid content was 3.1%, though it may have been slightly higher due to evaporation of water.

[0150] Run 24. The oil phase comprised 4.25 g stearyl alcohol, 1.21 g emulsifying wax, 2.77 g cacao butter, and 3.86 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT. After melting, 3.4 g of Acid Paste 4 was blended in with about 6 g of arrowroot starch. The effective pH was about 3.0. The result, however, was too starchy. Mandelic acid content was about 1.7%.

[0151] Run 25. 13.4 g of Example 24 was melted and combined with 2.1 g of stearyl alcohol, 1.15 g of almond oil, 1.35 g candelilla wax, and then an additional 4.9 g of Acid Paste 4 was added. The result had a firm, fatty texture, was smooth, and could be readily smeared on the skin. The effective pH was about 3.5. The nominal mandelic acid content was 3.4%.

[0152] Run 27. Acid Solution 6 was made by combining 17.5 g of mandelic acid with 50 ml of water and heating to dissolve. After heating and stirring, about 5 g of water were lost. This was Acid Solution 6. 3.11 g of tapioca starch were then combined with 3.1 ml of water to form a uniform slurry at about 22° C. Then 25.0 g of Acid Solution 6 was blended into the starch in a beaker, a stirring rod was added and the mixture was placed on a magnetic stirrer hot plate and gradually heated and stirred. As the mixture rose above 50° C., it began to form a thickened paste. This paste is Acid Paste 6.

[0153] An oil phase was made from 0.38 g palmitic acid combined with 5.00 g lipstick base, 1.03 g lauryl laurate, 3.00 g coconut oil, 4.60 g stearyl alcohol, 2.43 g cacao butter, and 200 mg caffeine. This was melted in a double boiler. Then 1.26 g of Acid Paste 6 was blended in with a whisk, and as the mixture cooled to about 53° C., 4.5 g of arrowroot starch was blended in. The nominal mandelic acid content was 1.7%.

[0154] Run 28. An acidic paste was made from 1.351 g laponite powder and 0.226 g xanthan gum with 25.7 g of Acid Solution 6. This was also stirred and heated on a magnetic stirrer plate until it reach a temperature of 45° C. This was Acid Paste 6XL, 1.00 g of which was stirred into an oil phase formed by heating the following on a double boiler to about 75° C.: 200 mg of caffeine combined with 0.60 g shea butter, 7.00 g lipstick base, 4.50 g stearyl alcohol, 1.13 g beeswax, 1.48 g cacao butter, 0.51 g candelilla wax, and 1.03 g of almond oil. After Acid Paste 6XL was blended with the oil phase using a whisk, 3.00 g of arrowroot starch were blended in and the mixture was spooned into a 15 ml deodorant/lip balm container and cooled. The white, opaque solid had a very firm texture and may have had slightly too much starch for easy dispensing onto the skin, or the laponite and gum combination may have increased the viscosity of the stick relative to some other mixtures with starch. When about 0.1 g was blended with 0.2 g of water and placed on Hydrion® 3.0 to 6.0 pH paper, a pH of about 3.6 was indicated. The nominal mandelic acid content was 1.4%.

[0155] It was noted that when Example 28 was smeared onto a surface, it was somewhat harder to clean than most other samples, possibly due to an interaction between the laponite and/or xanthan gum with the waxy materials.

[0156] Run 29. Acid Paste 7 was prepared by diluting Acid Paste 6 with 22 ml added water (about 30% added water) to reduce viscosity and improve blending. An oil phase was prepared using 1.50 g Softisan, 2.50 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 2.10 g stearyl alcohol, 2.65 g lipstick base, 5.00 g coconut oil, 0.79 g emulsifying wax, and 200 mg caffeine. The oil phase, heated in a double boiler at about 75° C., was blended with 0.92 g of Acid Paste 7 and then after about several minutes of stirring and gradual cooling, 2.13 g of arrowroot starch was blended in at about 55° C. A smooth, slick, pleasant-feeling solid was obtained after cooling that readily dispenses against the skin, with no hint of graininess. The effective pH was estimated at about 3.2 and the mandelic acid content was nominally at least 1.9%. One problem, though, is that some clear zones apparently from Acid Paste 7 remained at the bottom of the small container used to mix the composition, suggesting that mixing was inadequate and perhaps emulsifying wax would have helped. The pH may have been lower had all the starch blended in more completely.

[0157] Run 30. The oil phase was made from 1.94 g emulsifying wax, 2.34 g beeswax, 2.60 g coconut oil, 1.51 g stearyl alcohol, 2.75 g cetyl alcohol, 2.36 g almond oil and 0.20 g caffeine. 2.31 g of Acid Paste 7 was stirred in and, after further cooling to below 60° C., about 3 g arrowroot starch was added. The nominal mandelic acid content was 3.4%.

[0158] Run 31. An oil phase was prepared using 7.00 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 3.5 g stearyl alcohol, 2.00 g cacao butter, 2.21 g coconut oil, 2.5 g emulsifying wax, 1.00 g shea butter, and 200 mg caffeine. This was combined at 74° C. and then 2.12 g of Acid Paste 7 was blended in. Following slight cooling, 3.85 g of arrowroot starch was blended in. The resulting solid had a firm, smooth texture that could dispense well against the skin. Each of 3 different pH papers (0 to 14, 0 to 6, and 3.0 to 5.5) suggested the effective pH after being rubbed with water was near 3.0. The nominal mandelic acid content was 2.1%,

[0159] Run 32. An oil phase was prepared by combining 4.00 g of caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 5.00 g cetyl alcohol, 3.50 g shea butter, 0.50 g cacao butter, 1.05 g coconut oil, and 200 mg caffeine. It was mixed at 74° C. 2.00 g of Acid Paste 7 was blended in and then, after slight cooling, 2.70 g of arrowroot starch was added. This run showed some slight separation in the bottom of the container, suggesting emulsifying wax or more intense mixing may have been helpful. The mandelic acid content was about 5.3%.

[0160] Run 33 was prepared without an added thickener from a relatively volatile solvent system. 0.398 g of mandelic acid powder was placed in a beaker with 4.11 g of 40% ethanol in water and 0.62 g of glycerin. The mandelic acid was then stirred to dissolve it completely in the solvent system. To this was added 2.60 g of cacao butter, 2.85 g of beeswax, 1.16 g of coconut oil, 1.25 g of caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, and 1.90 g of stearyl alcohol. This beaker was placed in a bath of hot water at about 80° C. After stirring, the aqueous phase was not mixing well with the oil phase, so 0.86 g of emulsifying wax was added and blended in, resulting in a good emulsion. The combination remained above 60° C. for about 5 minutes. As the combination cooled below 60° C., 3.0 g of tapioca starch was rapidly blended in with a whisk and the mixture was poured into a deodorant mold and allowed to cool. The resulting solidified material was a somewhat waxy solid with a smooth and pleasant texture having no hint of graininess. Rubbing a slight amount onto the fingers and then adding a drop of water, and touching that water to a pH strip indicated a pH around 3.

[0161] Run 34. The oil phase comprises 4.57 g stearyl alcohol, 5.35 g almond oil, 0.15 g Vitamin E, 3.58 g coconut oil, 1.12 g emulsifying wax, 1.18 g cetyl alcohol, 0.21 g glycerin, and 200 mg caffeine. During melting and mixing, the caffeine, possibly interacting with the glycerin, became gooey and clumped together. It was removed. Then 1.72 g of Acid Paste 7 were blended in with a whisk and when the temperature was below 60° C., 5.00 g of arrowroot starch was blended in. The mixture was then spooned into a 15 ml oval deodorant stick/lip balm mold and allowed to solidify. The starch concentration seemed somewhat too high for this mixture, with some evidence that portions of the acidic paste were not fully dispersed by hand stirring with a whisk.

[0162] After cooling, the solidified material was found to have a pleasant texture believed to be suitable for underarm application. The effective pH was estimated at 3.2. The nominal mandelic acid content was 2.4%,

[0163] Run 35. The oil phase was made from 5.50 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 1.10 g candelilla wax, 0.18 g Vitamin E, 2.39 g cacao, 0.18 g caffeine, 0.79 g emulsifying wax, 3.1 g stearyl alcohol, 0.50 g shea butter, 1.71 g lauryl laurate, 1.53 g coconut oil, 1.52 g beeswax, and 0.25 g palmitic acid. It was prepared at about 70° C. Then 1.57 g of Acid Paste 7 was blended in, and after cooling to about 59° C., 4.91 g of arrowroot starch was blended in. This was then poured into a deodorant mold.

[0164] The effective pH was measured by taking 0.091 g of the cooled material, combining it with 0.185 g water in a tiny weighing dish about 2 cm in diameter, and thoroughly rubbing the wax and water together, followed by dipping pH papers into the water. Three pH papers were used (Hydrion 3.0 to 5.5, Hydrion 1 to 6, and a Lab Materials 1-14 paper), and all gave a pH estimate of about 3.0. The nominal mandelic acid content was 1.5%.

[0165] Run 41. Oil phase: 7.00 g behenyl alcohol, 3.53 g cacao butter, 2.00 g coconut oil, 1.51 g Milliard's emulsifying wax, 7.00 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 0.58 g zinc stearate, 0.165 g magnesium myristate, 0.2 g caffeine, 1.00 g candelilla wax. This was blended with 6.33 g of Acid Paste 7 and 3.0 g arrowroot starch. The pH I measured from a slice off the side of the stick was about 4.6. The problem here was inadequate blending of the starch phase, for the reside at the bottom of the well where it was made had a pH of 2.9. But you may want to test this since the same I cut off the stick to measure 4.6 might have been influenced by residual material from the wall of the original container, so that 4.6 measurement may have been off. The nominal mandelic acid content was 4.7%.

[0166] Run 42. This one uses a new emulsifying wax, Kostol PGP, with less of the zinc fatty acid and more of the magnesium compared to Example 41. The oil phase has 7.2 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 6.15 g behenyl alcohol, 1.50 g stearyl alcohol, 3.66 g cacao butter, 1.80 g coconut oil, 1.00 g Kostol PGP, 0.228 g zinc stearate, 0.282 g magnesium myristate and 0.2 g caffeine. This was blended with 5.6 g of Acid Paste 7 and 3.00 g arrowroot starch. The pH is about 3.0. The nominal mandelic acid content was 4.4%.

[0167] Run 43. The oil phase was made from 5.00 g behenyl alcohol, 8.06 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 3.6 g stearyl alcohol, 3.06 g cacao butter, 2.00 g candelilla wax, 1.05 g Millard emulsifying wax, 0.128 g zinc stearate, 0.120 g magnesium myristate, and 0.2 g caffeine. The oil phase was blended with 2.85 g of Acid Paste 7 and then with 2.20 g arrowroot starch. The effective pH is about 3.1. The nominal mandelic acid content was 2.4%.

[0168] Run 44. Oil phase was made from 5.5 g FSS Sensolv (isoamyl laurate), 2.00 g emulsifying wax, 3.14 g stearyl alcohol, 3.0 g castor wax, 1.57 g behenyl alcohol, 5.08 g cacao butter, 0.27 g panthenol, 2.00 g propane diol, and 0.2 g caffeine. This was combined with 2.13 g of Acid Paste 7, and then 3.5 g of arrowroot starch was blended in and the mix was cooled. The results showed separation, possibly due to the propandiol not mixing well with the oil phase. The pH in the bulk of the mix nevertheless showed high acidity, measuring at about 2.5.

[0169] Run 44S. 25.2 g of the material were used for a second batch. 1.39 g Kostol PGP was added, with 1.00 g Softisan, 0.084 g silica dimethyl silylate, and 1.23 g Creammaker behenyl. After melting, 1.55 g tapioca starch was blended in and also 2.75 g cyclopentasiloxane. This was poured into a deodorant mold.

[0170] Run 45. The oil phase was made from 5.84 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 1.08 g emulsifying wax, 2.53 g cacao butter, 2.83 g behenyl alcohol, 2.83 g stearyl alcohol, 0.183 g magnesium myristate, 0.2 g caffeine, and 0.51 g propanediol This was blended with 2.61 g Acid Paste 7 and 2.5 g arrowroot starch.

[0171] Run 46. The oil phase was made from 3.10 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 1.54 g emulsifying wax, 3.4 g beeswax, 2.34 g FSS Senosolv, 5.07 g behenyl alcohol, 0.2 g caffeine, and 0.151 g magnesium myristate. This was blended with 2.54 g of Acid Paste 7 and then 2.5 g arrowroot starch.

[0172] Run 47. The oil phase comprised 0.31 g silica dimethyl silylate, 2.64 g propane diol, 4.6 g Ecosil, 1.15 g Kostol PGP, 2.59 g cacao butter, 3.72 g stearyl alcohol, 3.09 g behenyl alcohol, 0.94 g ethyl hexyl palmitate, 1.00 g almond oil, 0.2 g caffeine, and 2.81 g coconut oil. This was blended with 2.25 g Acid Paste 7 and then 2.5 g arrowroot starch. This was cooled in a deodorant mold and was found to have excellent slip with a smooth, slick texture, though a greasiness could also be detected. This deodorant was used for several days on a human subject with generally good results.

[0173] Run 47S. To 10.6 g of Example 47, add 1.28 g Creammaker Behenyl, then 0.118 g silica dimethyl silylate and 1.85 g cyclopentasiloxane, then stir in 1 drop of lavender essential oil (Radha Beauty).

[0174] Run 48. The oil phase was made from 5.65 g Ecosil, 1.07 g emulsifying wax, 5.13 g stearyl alcohol, 2.08 g castor wax, 0.2 g caffeine, and 1.86 g ethyl hexyl palmitate. This was blended with 1.58 g Acid Paste 7 and 3.0 g arrowroot starch.

[0175] Run 48S. Take 6.23 g from Example 48, melt and combine with 0.58 g Kostol PPG, 0.447 g silica dimethyl silylate, and 2.5 g cyclopentasiloxane.

[0176] Run 49. The oil phase was made from 5.00 g Ecosil, 0.50 g Kostol PGP, 2.5 g cacao butter, 0.26 g silica dimethyl silylate, 1.00 g propanediol, 2.19 g coconut oil, 1.24 g stearyl alcohol, 3.00 g behenyl alcohol, 0.2 g caffeine, and 0.33 g silica dimethyl silylate. This was blended with 5.28 g Acid Paste 7 and 2.15 g arrowroot starch. The result was too soft and did not fully harden.

[0177] Run 49S. Rework the material of Example 49 by melting it and adding 1.2 g cyclopentasiloxane.

[0178] Run 50. The oil phase was made from 8.05 g Sensosolv, 0.38 g Kostol PGP, 3.0 g stearyl alcohol, 3.00 g behenyl alcohol, 2.5 g cacao butter, 0.2 g caffeine, and 1.09 g candelilla wax. This was blended with 1.76 g Acid Paste 7 and 3.10 g arrowroot starch.

[0179] Run 51. The oil phase was made from 5.84 g almond oil, 1.33 g emulsifying wax, 4.15 g castor wax, 2.56 g behenyl alcohol, 4.30 g stearyl alcohol, 0.2 g caffeine, and 1.00 g beeswax. This was blended with 2.76 g Acid paste 7 and 2.73 g arrowroot starch. The effective pH was about 3.0.

[0180] Run 51S. Take 8.88 g remaining from Example 51, melt, and combine with 2.33 g cyclopentasiloxane, 0.31 g silica dimethyl silylate, and 2 drops lavender oil and 2 drops elemi oil.

[0181] Run 52. The oil phase was made from 4.00 g coconut oil, 1.52 g emulsifying wax, 3.90 g ethyl hexyl palmitate, 1.18 g propanediol, 3.3 g Ecosil, 1.70 g behenyl alcohol, 2.6 g stearyl alcohol, 0.2 g caffeine, and 1.73 g castor wax. This was blended with 3.18 g of Acid Paste 7 and 2.12 g arrowroot starch. There was separation of starch from the oil in this.

[0182] Run 52S. Take 8.73 g of remaining material from Example 52, melt and combine with 2.8 g cyclopentasiloxane and 0.265 g silica dimethyl silylate.

[0183] Run 53. The oil phase was made from 8.18 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 2.92 g cacao butter, 3.16 g behenyl alcohol, 4.32 g stearyl alcohol, 3.80 g coconut oil, 1.85 g emulsifying wax, 0.547 g zinc stearate, 0.19 g magnesium myristate, 0.2 g caffeine, 0.19 g silica dimethyl silylate, and 1.77 g candelilla wax. 11.73 g of the melt are removed for use in Example 54. To the remaining melt, 2.01 g of Acid Paste 7 are blended in, then 3.00 g arrowroot starch. The effective pH was about 3.3.

[0184] Run 54. First 11.73 g of the oil phase of Example 53 was blended with 5.59 g cyclopentasiloxane. Then 1.8 g Acid Paste 7 and 2.28 g arrowroot starch. The effective pH was about 3.5.

[0185] Run 55. Rework 15 ml of Example 44, adding 2.06 g sunflower wax, 1.14 g behenyl alcohol, 1.75 g castor wax, and 4.78 g cyclopentasiloxane. This was then quickly poured into a mold after mixing to reduce evaporation of cyclopentasiloxane. The effective pH was about 2.9 or 3.0.

[0186] Run 56. A new Acid Paste was made using N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) instead of mandelic acid. 50 ml of water were combined with 4.40 g of corn starch and 5.0 g NAC. This was place in a 100-ml beaker and heated by microwave, stirring between brief bursts of power, to finally create a smooth, uniform paste. This is Acid Paste 8.

[0187] The oil phase was made from 7.50 g cacao butter, 2.00 g sunflower wax, 0.89 g coconut oil, 0.2 g caffeine, 1.58 g emulsifying wax, 5.03 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 5.56 g stearyl alcohol, 0.66 g palmitic acid, 0.118 g magnesium myristate, and 0.297 g silica dimethyl silylate. This was blended with 2.17 g Acid Paste 8 and then with 3.00 g arrowroot starch, and then with 2 drops of elemi oil. The effective pH was about 3.5.

[0188] Run 57. The oil phase was made from 9.57 g cacao butter, 2.17 g candelilla wax, 1.39 g coconut oil, 0.3 g caffeine, 1.89 g emulsifying wax, 7.43 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 5.15 g stearyl alcohol, and 1.8 g ethylhexyl palmitate. To the oil phase was added 2.06 g Acid Paste 8, 3.45 g arrowroot starch, 1 drop elemi oil and 2 drops lavender oil. After cooling, this was too soft, so it was remelted and combined with 2.00 g castor wax, 1.15 g behenyl alcohol, and 1.35 g tapioca starch.

[0189] Dimethicone Series: Three dimethicones were used with viscosities of 4200-4800 cst (DM4200), 350 cst (DM350), and 6 cst (DM6).

[0190] Acid Paste 10 was made from 3.45 g tapioca starch blended in 8.14 g water, then combined with a solution of 5.96 g mandelic acid in 36 ml of water. This was heated gradually while stirring periodically to form a viscous paste after the starch gelled.

[0191] Run 59. An oil phase was prepared using 0.385 g magnesium stearate, 0.262 g palmitic acid, 2.549 g cacao butter, 1.373 emulsifying wax, 2.39 g cetyl alcohol, 1.11 g Kostol PGP, 1.984 g stearyl alcohol, 2.747 g coconut oil, 3.59 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 0.2 g caffeine, 1.43 g candelilla wax, 0.254 g silica dimethyl silylate, 3.48 g DM4200, and 1.097 g PEG-8 beeswax. This was blended with 1.8 g Acid Paste 10 and 3.15 g of arrowroot starch. The result was not uniform. It may have been the caffeine or other particles that formed a gummy substance as it interacted with the dimethicone. It did not blend as uniformly as desired.

[0192] Run 60. An oil+silicone phase was made from 5.63 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 1.84 g cacao butter, 2.12 g behenyl alcohol, 1.90 g stearyl alcohol, 1.59 g emulsifying wax, 1.97 g coconut oil, 0.321 g DM4200, and 0.396 g Neoessence squalane. This was blended with 1.25 g Acid Paste 10 and 3.16 g arrowroot starch. The solidified material showed some evidence of syneresis with oily spots. The effective pH was about 3.5.

[0193] Run 61. An oil+silicone phase was made from 2.646 g behenyl alcohol, 1.50 g stearyl alcohol, 0.575 g shea butter, 2.23 g sunflower wax, 0.663 g cacao butter, 1.00 g beeswax, 2.339 g lauryl laurate, 0.611 g TKB Gelmaker, and 4.374 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 1.017 g DM350, 1.562 g candelilla wax, and 0.20 g Neoessence squalane. This was blended with 3 g of Acid Paste 10 and 3.00 g arrowroot starch. The mixture was unstable and residual starch gel remained settled to the bottom after mixing.

[0194] Run 62. The oil phase was made from 5.10 g cacao butter, 2.50 g stearyl alcohol, 1.50 g behenyl alcohol, 3.27 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 0.36 g ECOMulse, 0.55 g emulsifying wax, 0.45 g coconut oil, and 1.00 g candelilla wax. This was blended with 5.41 g Acid Paste 10. Then 0.520 g DM350 was blended in, followed by 4.05 g arrowroot starch. This order of addition resulted in a better, more uniform mix than in previous dimethicone trials. After pouring into a deodorant mold, the resulting product seemed somewhat soft and showed some syneresis.

[0195] Run 63. The oil phase was made from 9.28 g castor wax, 1.054 g emulsifying wax, 0.403 g ECOMulse, 1.68 g almond oil, 3.364 g caprylic capric triglycerides MCT, 2.343 g stearyl alcohol, and 1.95 g behenyl alcohol. A silicone-related phase was made by combining 0.913 g DM350, 0.574 g glycerin, 0.235 g Kostol PGP, 0.117 g ECOMulse, and 3.375 g coconut oil, then, after melting and mixing, adding 2.85 g Acid Paste 10. The oil phase was then stirred into the silicone-related phase, followed by addition of 3.10 g arrowroot starch and 4 drops elemi oil. The effective pH was about 3.2. The solid was too hard, due to excess castor wax.

[0196] Run 64. The silicone-related phase was made from 0.593 g DM350, 0.357 g DM6, 0.642 g glycerin, 0.495 g emulsifying wax, 0.662 g Neoessence squalane. After melting and mixing, 3.89 g of Acid Paste 10 was blended in. The oil phase was made from 5.20 g coconut oil, 7.95 g cacao butter, 1.10 g candelilla wax, 0.534 g Kostol PGP, 5.14 g stearyl alcohol 2.222 g behenyl alcohol, and 0.330 g silica dimethyl silylate. This was stirred into the silicone-related phase and then 4.45 g arrowroot starch was stirred in. A deodorant mold was filled. The effective pH was about 2.5.

[0197] Run 65. The oil phase was made from 0.61 g Kostol PGP, 1.50 g sunflower wax, 1.00 g candelilla wax, 1.32 g cacao butter, 1.895 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 2.73 g lauryl laurate, 2.55 g stearyl alcohol, 1.45 g behenyl alcohol, and 0.60 g Neoessence squalane.

[0198] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.25 g DM6, 0.26 g DM350, 0.27 g diphenyl siloxy phenyltrimethicone, 0.37 g glycerin, 0.10 g Kostol PGP, 0.37 g dimethicone and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone copolymer, and 1.47 g of Acid Paste 10. After the two phases were blended at about 75° C., 2 drops of lemongrass essential oil were stirred followed by 2.07 g arrowroot starch. The effective pH was about 2.7.

[0199] Run 66. The oil phase was made from 3.50 g cacao butter, 2.00 g sunflower wax, 2.10 g stearyl alcohol, 4.04 g behenyl alcohol, 4.47 g lauryl laurate, 0.86 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 1.08 g Ecosil, 0.28 g ECOMulse.

[0200] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.123 g Kostol PGP, 0.124 g ECOMulse, 0.420 g DM350, 0.228 g DM6, 0.617 g glycerin, 0.610 g squalane, 0.567 g diphenyl siloxy phenyltrimethicone, and 1.28 g Acid Paste 10. After the two phases were blended, 3.3 g arrowroot starch was stirred in and 4 drops of spike lavender essential oil were added.

[0201] The mixture showed signs of failure as the starch separated from the oil. This was remelted and 0.40 g silica dimethyl silylate was stirred in, which helped stabilize the mixture, it seemed. The mixture was cooled to 63° C. and poured into a deodorant mold. The effective pH was about 3.0.

[0202] Run 67. The oil phase was made from 4.374 g lauryl laurate, 3.87 g sunflower wax, 0.182 g panthenol, 2.40 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 1.293 g Ecosil, 0.401 g Kostol PGP, 2.606 g behenyl alcohol, and 1.668 g stearyl alcohol.

[0203] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.630 g glycerin, 0.641 g DM6, 0.426 g DM350, 0.621 g ECOMulse, 0.096 g Kostol PGP, 0.18 g caffeine, 2.48 g Acid Paste 10. The caffeine blended well in this mixture and at least partially dissolved. After the two phases were blended, a blend of 0.342 g silica dimethyl silylate and 3.49 g arrowroot starch was stirred in. The final product appeared to have too much starch. The effective pH was about 2.5.

[0204] Run 68. The oil phase was made from 5.17 g cacao butter, 1.27 g coconut oil, 1.003 g almond oil, 3.71 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 2.145 g squalane, 0.223 g panthenol, 0.546 g Kostol PGP, 0.55 g lauryl laurate. 3.33 g stearyl alcohol, 2.96 g cetyl alcohol, 3.04 g behenyl alcohol, 0.076 g ECOMulse, and 0.183 g magnesium stearate.

[0205] The silicone-related phase was made from 1.509 g dimethicone and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone copolymer, 0.8995 g DM350, 0.610 g DM6, 0.341 g diphenyl siloxy phenyltrimethicone, 0.805 g glycerin, 0.207 g Kostol PGP, and 3.00 g Acid Paste 10. After the two phases were blended, 3.07 g arrowroot starch was stirred in. The effective pH was about 3.4. Unfortunately, the results was too soft and showed syneresis, probably from too high silicone content.

[0206] Run 69. The oil phase was made from 4.956 g cacao butter, 1.330 g candelilla wax, 2.06 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 0.505 g squalane, 0.186 g panthenol, 0.374 g Kostol PGP, 2.47 g lauryl laurate. 2.806 g stearyl alcohol, 3.42 g behenyl alcohol, and 0.174 g magnesium stearate.

[0207] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.302 g DM350, 0.481 g glycerin, 0.042 g ECOMulse, and 0.404 g dimethicone, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone copolymer, and about 2 g Acid Paste 10. After the two phases were blended, 2.61 g arrowroot starch was stirred in. The effective pH was about 3.4.

[0208] Run 70. The oil phase was made from 5.3 g cacao butter, 1.625 g candelilla wax, 2.55 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 2.04 g squalane, 0.233 g panthenol, 0.369 g Kostol PGP, 2.27 g lauryl laurate, 3.40 g behenyl alcohol, 0.2765 g silica dimethyl silylate, 2.96 g stearyl alcohol, and 1.47 g Ecosil.

[0209] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.772 g glycerin, 0.457 g dimethicone and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone copolymer, 0.501 g DM350, 0.101 g Kostol PGP, and 0.067 g ECOMulse. After the two phases were blended, 2.54 g Acid Paste 10 was stirred in and after about two minutes of mixing, 3.00 g arrowroot starch was stirred in followed by 1 drop of yuzu essential oil and 2 drops of lavender essential oil. The effective pH was about 3.2.

[0210] Run 71. The oil phase was made from 2.65 g candelilla wax, 0.929 g sunflower wax, 2.07 g cacao butter, 5.11 g stearyl alcohol, 0.380 g Kostol PGP, 1.627 g Ecosil, 2.59 g lauryl laurate, 1.176 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 0.362 g squalane, and 0.943 magnesium myristate.

[0211] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.167 g DM6, 0.565 g DM350, 0.135 g Ecomulse, and 3.29 g Acid Paste 10. After blending, 1.19 g of the mix was removed and discarded to adjust the overall formulation. Then both phases were blnded and 3.30 g arrowroot starch was stirred in with 4 drops of elemi essential oil. The result was not satisfying since the solid felt too hard and had high drag against the skin.

[0212] Run 72. The oil phase was made from 5.00 g cacao butter, 0.664 g candelilla wax, 0.741 g Ecosil, 1.07 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 2.09 g lauryl laurate, 0.206 g Kostol PGP, 2.32 g stearyl alcohol, 2.000 g behenyl alcohol, and 0.910 g coconut oil.

[0213] The silicone-related phase was made from 0.876 g DM350, 0.112 g glycerin, 0.194 g Kostol PGP, 0.191 g diphenyl siloxy phenyltrimethicone, and 1.301 g Acid Paste 10. After the two phases were blended, 2.2 g arrowroot starch was stirred in with 2 drops of yuzu essential oil and 3 drops of elemi essential oil. The effective pH was about 3.0.

[0214] Run 73. The oil phase was made from 5.16 g cacao butter, 0.769 g candelilla wax, 0.752 g Ecosil, 2.314 g ethylhexyl palmitate, 0.295 g Kostol PGP, 2.377 g stearyl alcohol, and 2.055 g behenyl alcohol.

[0215] The silicone-related phase was made from 1.181 g dimethicone and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone copolymer, 0.166 g Kostol PGP, 0.2 g caffeine, 0.222 g diphenyl siloxy phenyltrimethicone, 0.151 g glycerin, and 1.510 g Acid Paste 10. After the two phases were blended, 2.50 g arrowroot starch was stirred in. The effective pH was about 3.0.

[0216] A wide variety of other examples were also carried out. Initially demonstration of the mandelic acid stick concept was made by blending combinations of corn starch and mandelic acid to form a viscous paste with mandelic acid concentrations from 6% to 15%, using starch concentrations from about 4% to 7%. This was then blended with various oil phases, including combinations with emulsifying wax, beeswax, and other waxes, with added TKB gelmaker CC in some cases. Then, rather than stirring in starch or other solids, the mix of the oil phase and acid paste was blended in with roughly an equal part of molten commercial deodorant or antiperspirant. Some of the best results in this early phase were obtained with aluminum-free deodorants with a waxy base in which caprylic capric triglycerides were the lead ingredient, such as Women Mitchum®'s Natural Power Bamboo Powder deodorant, comprising caprylic capric triglycerides, corn starch, coconut oil, stearyl alcohol, tapioca starch, arrowroot starch, sodium bicarbonate, and other ingredients. When the acid paste was combined with the alkaline Mitchum® deodorant, the bicarbonate reacted with the mandelic acid releasing small bubbles of carbon dioxide that caused the molten mixture to foam up, changing its texture and appearance significantly, but after cooling, good results were obtained with a firm texture and, due to excess acid, a pH in the range of 3 to 4. More challenging were attempts using Native® natural deodorant and other products with larger amounts of sodium bicarbonate or in which alkaline magnesium hydroxide was the lead ingredient. Acidic mixes could be made with the starch-acid method, but the final results in some cases were not satisfying in their texture. Better results were obtained by making the composition from scratch, rather than seeking to turn non-acidic compositions into an acidic mixture.

[0217] Among the efforts to combine an acidified waxy phase with an existing deodorant stick, a silicone-based antiperspirant was used, Degree® brand from Unilever, with cyclopentasiloxane as the primary ingredient. This was melted down and combined with 1.48 g of Acid Paste 4, giving an acidic mix. However, the volatile nature of the cyclopentasiloxane resulted in mass loss from the material. But the final result, after resolidification, did not show obvious signs of failure. However, given concerns about the volatile nature of cyclopentasiloxane and other volatile silicones, in some embodiments, the inventive composition may be free or substantially free of cyclopentasiloxane and/or other volatile silicones.

Remarks

[0218] When introducing elements of aspects of the invention or the embodiments thereof, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements, and thus may include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

[0219] Unless otherwise specified, any individual ingredient or grouping of two or more individual ingredients in a list of ingredients for any particular function may be considered optional and, in fact, may be excluded from the overall composition, as desired, and if excluded, the product or composition may be “substantially free” of that ingredient. For example, in listing aluminum silicate, silica, alumina, talc powder, and boron nitride as possible ingredient for a slip modifier, it should be understood that some embodiments may be substantially free of silica, of alumina, of talc powder, etc., or of any combination of two or more of those ingredients listed. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, a list of potential ingredients should be understood as also providing support for embodiments that exclude those ingredients or are “substantially free” of them.

[0220] Unless otherwise specified, all patents and patent applications mentioned herein should be understood to be hereby incorporated by reference to the extent they are non-contradictory herewith.

[0221] Having described aspects of the invention in detail, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of aspects of the invention as defined in the appended claims. As various changes could be made in the above compositions, products, and methods without departing from the scope of aspects of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

[0222] While the foregoing description makes reference to particular illustrative embodiments, these examples should not be construed as limitations. The inventive system, methods, and products can be adapted for other uses or provided in other forms not explicitly listed above, and can be modified in numerous ways within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the claims below.