Material Cartridge Arrangement for a Dispensing System

Abstract

A material cartridge arrangement (100, 101) for a dispensing system, comprising a material cartridge (2) having a first end (2a), an opposing second end (2b) and an ink material channel (5) extending between the first and second ends in the material cartridge (2), the ink material channel (5) being bounded by an ink material channel wall/walls (9) extending between the first (2a) and second ends (2b). An ink material pressurising device (3) is arranged to cause ink material hold in the ink material channel (5) to flow in a direction from said first end (2a) towards said second end (2b) and through an ink material outlet. At least one temperature sensing element (16) is arranged at a position along the direction of extension of the ink material channel (5) and arranged to measure a temperature at the ink material channel wall (9).

Claims

1. A material cartridge arrangement-for a dispensing system, comprising a material cartridge having a first end, an opposing second en and an ink material channel extending between the first and second ends in the material cartridge, the ink material channel being bounded by an ink material channel wall/walls extending between the first and second ends, the ink material channel being arranged to hold an ink material, and the second end comprises an ink material outlet, an ink material pressurising device arranged to cause ink material hold in the ink material channel to flow in a direction from said first end towards said second end and through the ink material outlet, wherein at least one temperature sensing element arranged at a position along the direction of extension of the ink material channel and arranged to measure a temperature at said ink material channel wall.

2. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, comprising at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five or at least six temperature sensing elements arranged at a distance from each other along the direction of extension of the ink material channel.

3. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a tip portion connectable to the ink material outlet of the material cartridge and at least one temperature sensing element arranged to measure a temperature at the tip portion.

4. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing element is selected from a group of thermocouples, thermistors, resistance thermometers, semiconductor sensors, digital temperature sensors, thermopiles, thermal cameras, infrared array sensors, laser based temperature sensors and pyrometers.

5. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a temperature analysing unit arranged to receive and analyse temperature data from the temperature sensing elements.

6. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 5, further comprising a temperature regulating system arranged to, based on instructions received from the temperature analysing unit, adjust the temperature of the ink material in the ink material channel.

7. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, further comprising an ink material level measuring device arranged to measure a level of ink material in the ink material channel.

8. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one temperature sensing element is arranged in the ink material channel wall.

9. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 8, wherein the at least one temperature sensing element is arranged between an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve of the ink material channel wall.

10. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one temperature sensing element is arranged at an outside of the ink material channel wall, the outside of the wall facing away from material ink hold in the material ink channel.

11. The material cartridge arrangement of claim 1, wherein the at least one temperature sensing element is arranged at an inside of the ink material channel wall, the inside of the wall facing towards the material ink hold in the material ink channel.

12. The material cartridge of claim 1, wherein a material of the ink material channel wall has a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mK or above.

13. A 3D printer comprising the material cartridge arrangement of claim 1.

14. A biodispensing system comprising the material cartridge arrangement of claim 1.

15. Method of measuring a temperature of an ink material contained in an ink material channel of a material cartridge of a dispensing system, the method comprising: arranging at least one temperature sensing element along a direction of extension of said ink material channel at a wall of said ink material channel, by means of the at least one temperature sensing element measure a temperature at said ink material channel wall, and analysing temperature sensor data from the at least one temperature sensing element.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising, based on the analysed temperature sensor data, adjusting the temperature of the ink material in the ink material channel.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising determining a level of ink material in the ink material channel and comparing the level of ink material to a position of each temperature sensing element along the ink material channel and using this comparison to determine which temperature sensor data to include in the analysis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] FIG. 1 shows a material cartridge arrangement for a dispensing system with a plurality of temperature sensing elements arranged in a wall of an ink material channel, where the temperature sensing elements are arranged to measure temperatures at respective positions at the ink material channel wall.

[0062] FIG. 2 shows a more detailed view of the material cartridge in FIG. 1 and the arrangement of the temperatures sensing elements in the wall of the ink material channel.

[0063] FIG. 3 shows a material cartridge arrangement for a dispensing system with a plurality of temperature sensing elements arranged at an outside of a wall of an ink material channel, where the temperature sensing elements are arranged to measure temperatures at respective positions at the ink material channel wall.

[0064] FIG. 4 shows a dispensing system/3D printer comprising the material cartridge arrangement shown in FIG. 3.

[0065] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a method of measuring and adjusting a temperature of an ink material contained in an ink material channel of a material cartridge of a dispensing system.

[0066] FIG. 6 shows schematically a control algorithm that may be used in the material cartridge arrangement of FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, wherein a level of ink material in the ink material channel is measured and used together with measured temperatures.

[0067] FIG. 7 shows schematically a control algorithm that may be used in the material cartridge arrangement of FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, wherein temperatures from individual temperature sensing elements are polled and summed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In FIGS. 1 and 3 are shown a material cartridge arrangement 100, 101 for a dispensing system. The material cartridge arrangement comprises a material cartridge 2 having a first end 2a, an opposing second end 2b, and an ink material channel 5, which extends between the first and second ends in the material cartridge 2. The ink material channel is bounded by an ink material channel wall/walls (9) extending between the first 2a and second ends 2b.

[0069] The material cartridge 2 may be a cylindrical tube, a barrel etc. The material cartridge 2 may be, as illustrated in the figures, the body of a syringe or a modified syringe. The ink material channel 5 may be tubular, square or rectangular and bounded by a wall/walls 9. The ink material channel wall/walls 9 extending between the first 2a and second end 2b of the material cartridge 2. The ink material channel wall/walls 9 may be comprise a wall/walls of the material cartridge 2. Alternatively, the ink material channel wall/walls 9 may comprise a wall/walls arranged inside of the material cartridge wall/walls. The ink material channel 5 is arranged to hold an ink material and the second end 2b comprises an ink material outlet. The material cartridge 2 may be inserted in or be a part of a cooling block/heating block. The ink channel walls 9 may be made of a material which effectively transfer heat, i.e. has a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mK or above, such as aluminium, aluminium nitride, copper, silver, gold, silicon, silicon carbide, diamond, tungsten, magnesium, bronze, beryllium, chromium, molybdenum, brass, zinc, graphite or any combination or alloy thereof.

[0070] An ink material pressurising device 3 is arranged to cause ink material hold in the ink material channel 5 to flow in a direction from the first end 2a towards the second end 2b and through the ink material outlet.

[0071] The ink material may be any dispensable or printable biomaterial, which may or may not contain living cells. The ink material may for example be a temperature-sensitive material, which requires a temperature above room temperature to be processed/dispensed. By increasing the temperature of the material above or close to its melting or gelation point the material can be dispensed without clogging. Such materials may be gelatine-based materials such as e.g. GeIMA from Cellink®.

[0072] The ink material may be a material requiring a cool temperature, such as for example below 4° C., to be able to be processed without inducing polymerization and clogging during dispensing. ECM hydrogels, which are extracellular matrix-derived solutions such as gelatinous protein mixtures, extracellular matrix proteins in solution (in acidic, neutral or basic pH), and basement membrane matrices such as Matrigel®, Geltrex® and Cultrex® Basement Membrane Extract, are all temperature-sensitive materials that require a low temperature for dispensing.

[0073] The ink material pressurising device 3 may comprise a plunger, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, such as a syringe piston arranged to be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of a syringe body, to pressurise and extrude ink material through the ink material outlet to be dispensed/printed. The plunger may be actuated by pneumatic, hydraulic, electro-magnetic, or by other kinetic drive systems. Alternatively, the pressurising device 3 may comprise a pneumatic, hydraulic, electro-magnetic (solenoid driven) or other kinetic system.

[0074] A tip portion 4 such as a nozzle or needle may be connectable to the ink material outlet at the second end 2b of the material cartridge 2, through which nozzle/needle ink material may be dispensed/printed. When attached to the ink material outlet, the tip portion 4 may be the only exit point for ink material.

[0075] One or more temperature sensing elements 16, such as at least one, at least two, ate least three, at least four, at least five or at least six temperature sensing elements 16 (four temperature sensing elements 16 are exemplified in FIGS. 1 and 3) are arranged along the direction of extension of the ink material channel 5 and are arranged to measure a temperature at the ink material channel wall 9.

[0076] The at least one temperature sensing element 16 may be arranged at any position along the ink material channel 5. Often, however, a temperature sensing element 16 arranged closer to the ink material outlet would give more valuable information than a temperature sensing element 16 arranged closer to the first end 2a of the material cartridge 2 in terms of for example risk of clogging of the ink material at the ink material outlet at the second end 2b.

[0077] With the present material cartridge arrangement 100, 101, a temperature at the ink material channel wall 9 is measured with the at least one temperature sensing element 16. As the ink material in the ink material channel 5 is in direct contact with the ink material channel wall(s) 9 and the at least one temperature sensing element 16 is arranged to measure a temperature at the wall 9 of the ink material channel 5, this is a temperature measurement close to measuring the temperature of the ink material as such. The temperature difference between the ink material in the ink material channel 5 and the one measured at the wall 9 is, hence, small. By this cartridge arrangement 100, 101 it is therefore possible to follow the temperature of the ink material as such as at least one position in the ink material channel 5. The ink material may have different temperatures at different positions in the ink material channel 5. If the temperature of the ink material at the ink material outlet deviates from the optimum temperature interval for that ink material, i.e. a too high or a too low temperature, clogging of ink material at the outlet may occur. By means of the temperature sensing elements 16 such problems may be identified. Identifying deviating temperatures of the ink material at other positions in the ink material channel 5 may also indicate that problems with dispensing/printing may occur. The material of the ink material channel wall(s) 9 could be a material that effectively transports heat. Thereby, any measurement taken at the ink material channel wall 9 is as close as possible to the actual temperature of the ink material. If made of a less appropriate material, deviations from the actual temperature would occur since the heat would flow slowly and changes in the temperature would not be detected as quickly

[0078] The temperatures may be measured before, during and/or after a dispensing/printing action, during which material ink is forced out of the material channel 5 through the ink material outlet by means of the pressurising device 3.

[0079] Temperatures may be measured constantly. Temperatures may be measured at different time intervals. Temperatures may be measured more frequently during dispensing than before/after dispensing.

[0080] The temperature sensing elements 16 may be arranged at respective positions at a distance from each other along the direction of extension of the ink material channel 5, and be arranged to measure temperatures at respective positions at the ink material channel wall/walls 9.

[0081] Preferably, a temperature sensing element 16 is arranged at a position close to or at the ink material outlet at the second end 2b.

[0082] It may be advantageous to measure the temperature of the ink material at multiple positions in the ink material channel 5. Thereby obtaining a more precise picture of variations in temperature along the ink material channel 5. Also, using several temperature sensing elements 16 along the ink material channel 5, a temperature rate of change can be estimated. When using a plurality of temperature sensing elements 16, the elements may for example be located in a pattern with even distance between the elements (as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3) or with decreasing distance closer to the ink material outlet at the second end 2b (not illustrated).

[0083] Measuring a temperature of the ink material at the tip portion 4 may be important, as at the tip portion 4 low volumes of the ink material are heated/cooled quickly by air surrounding the tip portion. Therefore, at least one temperature sensing element 11 may be arranged to measure such a temperature. In FIGS. 1 and 3, such a temperature sensing element 11 is illustrated together with its viewing angle 12.

[0084] The temperature sensing element 16, 11 may be selected from a group of thermocouples, thermistors, resistance thermometers, semiconductor sensors, digital temperature sensors, thermopiles, thermal cameras, infrared array sensors, laser-based temperature sensors and pyrometers.

[0085] When using more than one temperature sensing element 16, 11, such as at least two sensing elements 16 arranged along the ink material channel 5 or one or more sensing elements 16 arranged along the ink material channel 5 and one sensing element 11 arranged to measure at the tip portion 4, the sensing elements 16, 11 used can be the same kind of sensing elements or one or more of the sensing elements may be a different type of sensing element.

[0086] The temperature sensing elements 16, 11 may be arranged in direct contact with the ink material channel wall 9 or tip portion 4, using contact temperature sensing elements such as thermocouples, thermistors, resistance thermometers, semiconductor sensors or digital temperature sensors.

[0087] Alternatively, the temperature sensing elements 16, 11 may be arranged at a distance from the ink material channel wall 9 and the tip portion 4, using non-contact temperature sensing elements such as thermopiles, thermal cameras, infrared array sensors, laser-based temperature sensors, or pyrometers.

[0088] Sensing elements 16, 11 arranged closer to or at the wall 9/tip 4 may give a more accurate temperature measurement than temperature sensing elements 16, 11 arranged at a distance from the wall 9/tip 4. There may be difficulty in incorporating a direct-contact sensor at the tip portion 4 when needing to fit the tip into a well plate well during dispensing/printing. In such cases one could use a non-contact IR sensor of some sort. There are other systems that could utilize contact-based systems at the tip portion if not needed to fit into a well plate.

[0089] In FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown one embodiment of the material cartridge arrangement 100, wherein temperature sensing elements 16 arranged in the material channel wall 9. The wall 9 may be the material cartridge wall or a wall arranged inside of the material cartridge wall. The temperature sensing element(s) 16 in the wall 9 may be integrated in the wall. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the temperature sensing elements 16 may be arranged between an outer sleeve 1 and an inner sleeve 14 of the ink material channel wall 9.

[0090] Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the at least one temperature sensing element 16 may be arranged at an outside of the ink material channel wall 9, the outside of the wall facing away from material ink hold in the ink material channel 5. The temperature sensing element may be arranged at a distance from, in non-direct contact with the wall 9, or in direct contact with the outside of the wall 9. When arranged at an outside of the ink material channel wall 9, such a temperature sensing element 16 may be for example embedded in or arranged at a cooling block surrounding the material cartridge.

[0091] In yet an alternative (not illustrated), the at least one temperature sensing element 16 may be arranged at an inside of the ink material channel wall 9, the inside of the wall facing towards the material ink hold in the ink material channel 5. Such a temperature sensing element 16 may be in direct or indirect contact with the inside of the ink material channel wall 9. The temperature sensing element 16 may be in direct contact with ink material hold in the ink material channel 5.

[0092] The material cartridge 2 may further comprise a temperature analysing unit 102 arranged to receive and analyse temperature data from the temperature sensing elements 16, 11. The temperature sensing elements 16, 11 are arranged to send measured temperature data to the temperature analysing unit 102. The temperature analysing unit 102 is arranged to analyse the temperature data from the different temperature sensing elements 16. The analysis may comprise to compare the temperature data of a temperature sensing element 16, 11 with previous measured temperature data from that temperature sensing element, and/or to compare the temperature data from the different temperature sensing elements with each other, and/or to compare the temperature data with a predetermined temperature value or values.

[0093] Based on the analysis, the temperature analysing unit 102 may determine if any heating/cooling of the ink material in the ink material channel 5 is needed for example for avoiding clogging of ink material at the ink material outlet. If yes, instructions may be sent to a temperature regulating system 1, 6, 7, 8 to adjust the temperature of the ink material in the ink material channel.

[0094] The adjustment may be a heating/cooling of the ink material dependent on ink material used and temperatures measured. The temperature regulating system 1, 6, 7, 8 may be arranged along the whole extension of the ink material channel 5 or be arranged at one or more sections of the ink material channel 5 or at the ink material outlet.

[0095] The temperature-regulating system 1, 6, 7, 8 may be arranged to adjust the temperature of the ink material to a temperature within a range of −10′C to 20° C., such as within a range of −10° C. to 15° C., −10° C. to 10° C., −10° C. to 5° C., −10° C. to 0° C., −10° C. to −5° C., −5° C. to 20° C., −5° C. to 15° C., −5° C. to 10° C., −5° C. to 5° C., −5° C. to 0° C., 0° C. to 20° C., 0° C. to 15° C., 0° C. to 10° C., 0° C. to 5° C., 5° C. to 20° C., 5° C. to 15° C. or 5° C. to 10° C., 10° C. to 20° C., 10° C. to 15° C. or 15° C. to 20° C.

[0096] The temperature-regulating system 1, 6, 7, 8 may be alternatively or additionally be arranged to adjust the temperature of the ink material to a temperature within a range of 20 to 120° C., such as a temperature within a range of 20° C. to 100° C., 20° C. to 80° C., 20° C. to 60° C., 20° C. to 40° C., 40° C. to 120° C., 40° C. to 100° C., 40° C. to 80° C., 40° C. to 60° C., 60° C. to 120° C., 60° C. to 100° C., 60° C. to 80° C., 80° C. to 120° C., 80° C. to 100° C. or 100° C. to 120° C.

[0097] Adjustment of the temperature of the ink material may take place during and/or after and/or before a dispensing action through the ink material outlet.

[0098] Thereby, ink materials requiring a specific temperature or temperature interval to be dispensed/printed, such as below 4° C., may be processed by keeping the temperature of the ink material in the ink material channel 5 stable and accurate before, between and after a dispensing action.

[0099] The temperature-regulating system 1, 6, 7, 8 may comprise a heat transfer arrangement 1 arranged to transfer heat to/from the material cartridge 2, the ink material channel 5 and the ink material therein. The heat transfer arrangement 1 may be arranged in direct contact with an outside of the material cartridge 2 or be at a close distance from the material cartridge or in contact with or at a close distance from a material cartridge cooling/heating block surrounding or partly surrounding the material cartridge 2.

[0100] The temperature-regulating system may further comprise a heat-pump system 6, 7, either an active system, such as a fan, a liquid cooling system, or a passive system, such as finned heatsinks, or a combination of either, to transfer heat from or to the ambient environment.

[0101] The heat transfer arrangement 1, 6, 7, 8 may comprise one or more of a heat exchange 8 device such a heat exchanger, a Peltier element, electrical heater or cooler, radiator, a liquid heat exchanger, a fan, and a liquid cooling unit.

[0102] The temperature-regulating system 1, 6, 7, 8 may be arranged to adjust the temperature of the ink material channel 5 and ink material at specific points along the ink material channel 5 or along the whole extension of the ink material channel 5.

[0103] The temperature adjustment of the ink material in the ink material channel 5, based on instructions received from the temperature analysing unit 102, may be a continuous feedback loop of measured data and temperature adjustment. The measured temperature data may be incorporated into a control algorithm used by the temperature regulating system for adjusting the temperature of the ink material channel 5 and ink material.

[0104] Controlling the temperature of the ink material in the ink material channel 5, the temperature of ink material leaving the ink material channel 5 through the ink material outlet, possible through a tip portion 4 connected to the ink material outlet, may be controlled.

[0105] The material cartridge arrangement 100, 101 may further comprise an ink material level measuring device 104 arranged to measure a level of ink material in the ink material channel 5 and sending the measured level of ink material to the temperature analysing unit 102.

[0106] In one embodiment, if the ink material pressurising device 3 is a plunger the ink material level measuring device 104 may comprise a plunger stepper motor. A position of the plunger stepper motor gives information about a level of ink material in the ink material channel 5. Additionally, the ink material level measuring device 104 may comprise sensors e.g. magnetic or optical encoders and a feedback loop may be governed by the following equations:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}{Z}_{\mathrm{offset}}=Z_{m\alpha x}-\left(Z_{\alpha }-Z_b\right)& \left(1\right)\\ Z_{cn}=\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{Z_n}\right)c-\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{Z_n}\right)\left(c-1\right)& \left(2\right)\\ Z_{3,3}=\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{3}\right)3-\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{3}\right)2& \left(3\right)\\ Z_{2,3}=\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{3}\right)2-\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{3}\right)1& \left(4\right)\\ Z_{1,3}=\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{3}\right)1-\left(\frac{Z_{\alpha }-Z_b}{3}\right)0& \left(5\right)\end{array}$

[0107] Equations 1 and 2 are the most important for determining the plunger position. Equations 3-5 are explicit examples for use in a material cartridge arrangement wherein the ink material channel is divided in a three-zone dispensing unit. The variables to these equations are defined in the following table. All Z terms are measured in stepper motor pulses and will vary based on motor control methods. Z terms are determined experimentally.

TABLE-US-00001 Term Definition Z.sub.offset Offset from Z.sub.max to beginning of uppermost zone, defined as most retracted position of plunger when material begins to extrude. Z.sub.max Position of plunger arm at greatest retraction. Z.sub.a Initial position of plunger when it enters uppermost zone. Z.sub.b Final position of plunger when it reaches limits of dispensing. c Zone number. n Constant that determines how many zones to create. Should be equal to maximum number of zones in an ink material channel.

[0108] In FIG. 6, this is implemented by arranging three temperature sensing elements 16 along the ink material channel 5. The ink material channel 5 being divided in three zones along the extension of the channel 5 with a temperature sensing element 16 in each zone. Zone 3 being a zone starting at the first end 2a of the cartridge and zone 1 being a zone ending at the second end 2b of the cartridge 2. When a lower end of the plunger is in zone 3, temperature measurements from all temperature sensing elements 16 are used by the analysing unit 102. When the plunger end is in zone 2 temperature measurements from temperature sensing elements in zone 1 and 2 are used. When the plunger end is in zone 1 temperature measurements from the temperature sensing element in the first zone is used. A temperature sensor mounted in a cartridge block may be used in all other situations.

[0109] Alternatively or additionally, the ink material level measuring device 104 may comprise a pneumatic controlled system.

[0110] From the ink level information and information about positions of the temperature sensing elements 16 along the ink material channel 5 the temperature analysing unit 102 can determine which of the temperature sensing elements 16 are measuring temperatures of the ink material and which are measuring at positions where there is no ink material in the ink material channel 5. Only temperature sensing elements measuring at positions where there is ink material in the ink material channel 5 may then be included in the analysis of measured temperatures and in a temperature adjustment based thereon. This is an example of a closed loop system. FIG. 6 shows schematically a control algorithm that may be used in the material cartridge arrangement of FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, wherein a position of ink material in the ink material channel is measured as described above. Temperature sensing elements 16 no longer in the material zone are ignored and only data from temperature sensing elements within the material zone is evaluated.

[0111] In an alternative embodiment, an open-loop system, feedback from all temperature sensing elements 16 regardless of level of ink material in the ink material channel 5 are analysed by the analysing unit 102 and used in adjusting the temperature. Thereby including a margin of error in the temperature adjustment.

[0112] FIG. 7 shows schematically a control algorithm that may be used in the material cartridge arrangement of FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, wherein individual temperature sensing elements are polled and summed. If the measured temperature of one temperature sensing element 16 deviates more than a certain amount from the measured temperature of another sensing element 16 or deviates from a mean value of a series of temperature measurements of that specific sensing element 16 (the mean can be either an arithmetic mean or a weighted average), temperature data from such a sensing element may be excluded from the temperature analysis. The temperature readings from the first poll may be compared to the mean and any sensing element 16 outside a defined tolerance is not polled for the next polling, summing, and averaging of temperatures. In this open loop control scheme the plunger position is no longer used.

[0113] Both forms of control may use a combination of logical evaluations and electric feedback to perform their task.

[0114] On or more of the material cartridge arrangements 100, 101 described above may be used as or in a biodispensing system 200 or in a 3D printer 201, such as a 3D bioprinter, see FIG. 4. Some parts of the material cartridge arrangements 100, 101 may be shared in between at least some of the material cartridge arrangements in the biodispensing system 200/3D bioprinter 201.

[0115] A 3D bioprinter utilizes 3D printing and 3D printing-like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and biomaterials to fabricate tissue-like or tissue analogue structures that imitate natural tissue characteristics. Generally, 3D bioprinting utilizes the layer-by-layer method to deposit/dispense dispensing contents, such as materials known as bioinks or hydrogel to create tissue-like structures that are later used in life science and tissue engineering fields. Bioprinting covers a broad range of biomaterials or bioinks.

[0116] The dispensing system may be used as or in a biodispensing system. A biodispensing system is a system that is capable of precisely dispensing material onto a specific point in a controlled way.

[0117] Dispensing systems can use either air pressure or positive displacement to dispense fluids in a controlled way. Dispensing systems can be manually or automatically operated. They can be used in small volume and mass production applications and in various applications (e.g., electronics industry, automotive industry, life science industry) that demand accurate, uniform, process-controlled, and high throughput of repeatable depositions.

[0118] Dispensing systems may be used in life science applications such as liquid handling/dispensing of low (pL to nL range) and medium (microliter range) volumes of cell culture reagents, compound dosing, combinatorial dispensing, titration, dispensing RNA samples for PCR analysis and in 3D bioprinting.

[0119] In FIG. 5 is illustrated a method of measuring a temperature of an ink material contained in an ink material channel 5 of a material cartridge 2 of a dispensing system 200, 201. The method comprises: arranging 300 at least one temperature sensing element 16 along a direction of extension of the ink material channel 5 at a wall 9 of the ink material channel 5. By means of the at least one temperature sensing element 16 measuring 301 a temperature at the ink material channel wall 9, and analysing 302 temperature sensor data from the at least one temperature sensing element 16.

[0120] The method may further comprise to, based on the analysed temperature sensor data, adjust the temperature 303 of the ink material in the ink material channel 5.

[0121] The method may further comprise to determine 304 a level of ink material in the ink material channel 5 and compare 305 the level of ink material to a position of each temperature sensing element 16 along the ink material channel and use this comparison to determine which temperature sensor data to include in the analysis 302.