HEATING SYSTEM

Abstract

A sanitizing system for sanitizing a water flow at a point of use, the sanitizing system including an ozone demand indicator configured for determining the existence of a demand for ozone in the water flow; an ozone generator configured to be disposed no more than about 72 inches upstream of the point of use on a fluid conductor supplying the water flow at the point of use, wherein ozone generated by the ozone generator is configured to be disposed in the water flow to sanitize the water flow; and a control device operable to control the ozone demand indicator and the ozone generator responsive to the ozone demand indicator, wherein the control device is configured to cause the ozone generator to start generating ozone upon receiving an indication from the ozone demand indicator that the demand for ozone exists.

Claims

1. A sanitizing system for sanitizing a water flow at a point of use, said sanitizing system comprising: (a) an ozone demand indicator configured for determining the existence of a demand for ozone in the water flow; (b) an ozone generator configured to be disposed no more than about 72 inches upstream of the point of use on a fluid conductor supplying the water flow at the point of use, wherein ozone generated by said ozone generator is configured to be disposed in the water flow to sanitize the water flow; and (c) a control device operable to control said ozone demand indicator and said ozone generator responsive to said ozone demand indicator, wherein said control device is configured to cause said ozone generator to start generating ozone upon receiving an indication from said ozone demand indicator that said demand for ozone exists and to stop generating ozone upon receiving an indication from said ozone demand indicator that said demand for ozone no longer exists.

2. The sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a flow sensor configured to detect a presence of the water flow.

3. The sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a timer configured to detect continuous non-existence of the water flow for at least a period of time.

4. The sanitizing system of claim 3, wherein said at least a period of time is about 1-2 hours.

5. The sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a timer configured to detect cumulative non-existence of the water flow for at least a period of time.

6. The sanitizing system of claim 5, wherein said at least a period of time is about 3-6 hours.

7. The sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the water flow upstream of a heating system disposed upstream of said ozone generator, that falls within a range of temperature suitable for Legionella proliferation.

8. The sanitizing system of claim 7, wherein said range of temperature suitable for Legionella proliferation is about 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.)-50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.).

9. The sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein said demand for ozone is based upon a predetermined duration.

10. The sanitizing system of claim 1, further comprising an ozone sensor configured to obtain an ozone concentration level at the point of use such that a rate at which ozone is generated by said ozone generator can be adjusted based on said ozone concentration level.

11. A heating system comprising: (a) a water conductor comprising an inlet and an outlet, said inlet configured for receiving a water flow; (b) a heater comprising an inlet and an outlet, said heater configured to be interposed between said inlet of said water conductor and said outlet of said water conductor; (c) an ozone demand indicator configured for determining the existence of a demand for ozone in the water flow; (d) an ozone generator configured to be interposed between said outlet of said heater and said outlet of said water conductor and disposed such that said outlet of said ozone generator and said outlet of said water conductor is less than about 72 inches, wherein ozone generated by said ozone generator is configured to be disposed in the water flow to sanitize the water flow; and (e) a control device operable to control said ozone demand indicator and said ozone generator responsive to said ozone demand indicator, wherein said control device is configured to cause said ozone generator to start generating ozone upon receiving an indication that said demand for ozone exists from said ozone demand indicator and to stop generating ozone upon receiving an indication from said ozone demand indicator that said demand for ozone no longer exists.

12. The heating system of claim 11, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a flow sensor configured to detect a presence of the water flow in said water conductor.

13. The heating system of claim 11, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a timer configured to detect continuous non-existence of the water flow for at least a period of time.

14. The heating system of claim 13, wherein said at least a period of time is about 1-2 hours.

15. The heating system of claim 11, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a timer configured to detect cumulative non-existence of the water flow for at least a period of time.

16. The heating system of claim 15, wherein said at least a period of time is about 3-6 hours.

17. The heating system of claim 11, wherein said ozone demand indicator is a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the water flow at said inlet of said water conductor that falls within a range of temperature suitable for Legionella proliferation.

18. The heating system of claim 17, wherein said range of temperature suitable for Legionella proliferation is about 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.)-50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.).

19. The heating system of claim 11, wherein said demand for ozone is based upon a predetermined duration.

20. The heating system of claim 11, further comprising an ozone sensor configured to obtain an ozone concentration level at said outlet of said water conductor such that a rate at which ozone is generated by said ozone generator can be adjusted based on said ozone concentration level.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

[0030] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an under sink heating system.

[0031] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an under sink heating system.

[0032] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting the under sink heating system of FIG. 2 with the fluid moving device active in circulating a refrigerant flow in a circuit configured for extracting heat from the ambient environment under sink.

[0033] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting the under sink heating system of FIG. 2 with the fluid moving device active in circulating a refrigerant flow in a coil configured for receiving heat from a J bend drainage tube under sink.

[0034] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting a partial view of a coil disposed on a J bend drainage tube.

[0035] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting a partial cross-sectional view of a coil disposed on a drainage tube.

[0036] FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting a partial cross-sectional view of a coil disposed on a drainage tube.

[0037] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting a heat exchanger configuration capable of being clamped onto a drainage tube.

[0038] FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting an under sink or compact heating system including a sanitizing system.

[0039] FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting an under sink or compact heating system including a sanitizing system and an ozone sensor.

PARTS LIST

[0040] 2—heating system

[0041] 4—fluid circuit

[0042] 6—fluid circuit

[0043] 8—3-way valve

[0044] 10—heat exchanger

[0045] 12—heat exchanger, e.g., coil

[0046] 14—heat exchanger

[0047] 16—blower

[0048] 18—expansion valve

[0049] 20—tank

[0050] 22—heating element

[0051] 24—electric battery

[0052] 26—compressor

[0053] 28—J bend tube

[0054] 30—drain tailpiece

[0055] 32—drain fitting

[0056] 34—water inlet

[0057] 36—water outlet

[0058] 38—control device

[0059] 40—water conductor

[0060] 42—portion of first or second fluid circuit disposed within bath of tank

[0061] 44—sink

[0062] 46—faucet

[0063] 48—ozone generator

[0064] 50—coil

[0065] 52—effluent

[0066] 54—heat transfer fluid, e.g., refrigerant

[0067] 56—thermal paste

[0068] 58—wall which contains thermal paste

[0069] 60—section or half of coil

[0070] 62—temperature sensor

[0071] 64—heater

[0072] 66—incoming flow

[0073] 68—heated flow

[0074] 70—sanitized heated flow

[0075] 72—sanitized unheated flow

[0076] 74—flow at tip of faucet

[0077] 76—flow sensor

[0078] 78—mixing valve

[0079] 80—point of use

[0080] 82—control device

[0081] 84—ozone sensor

PARTICULAR ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0082] The present heating system is capable of recovering heat energy from a drain to which the heating system is thermally coupled. When hot water is used in a sink, a tremendous amount of heated water which still contains a large amount of heat energy is drained down a drainage tube. Without a mechanism for recovering this effluent, a large amount of heat energy would be carried with the effluent into either a sewer or septic system and left untapped.

[0083] The present heating system can be provided close to a point of use, e.g., a sink. It therefore does not require long fluid conductors to send hot water from the point water is heated to a point where the hot water is consumed or used.

[0084] The present heating system does not include a tank for storing potable hot water in anticipation of a potable hot water demand. As such, no stratification of potable water held in a tank can occur. Although one or more temperature sensors may be used for providing feedback to heating of the contents of a tank water heater to achieve a setpoint temperature, the effect of stratification can cause layers of fluid having different temperatures in the tank water heater. Therefore, although portions of the contents of a water heater may be disposed at a setpoint temperature that is unfavorable for Legionella proliferation, there potentially exists other portions that may be disposed at temperatures suitable for Legionella proliferation, especially when the contents have been left unused for an extended period of time.

[0085] The present heating system is capable of storing heat energy harnessed from an around the heating system. In one mode, the present heating system is capable of storing heat energy harnessed from an indoor ambient of a heat exchanger. In one embodiment, supplemental or additional heat energy can be supplied by heating elements disposed within the bath of the present tank and powered by grid electricity, solar power means and wind power means. In one embodiment, hot water can be provided even in the event of an electric power failure as a demand of hot water can be met by heating in the incoming cold water supply with the heat energy stored in a tank.

[0086] As the present heating system includes a domestic water supply that is not fluidly connected to a tank characterized by a low flowrate within the tank, the present system significantly reduces the opportunity for a water flow to deposit scale within the water conductor of the system as the water flow occurs through fluid conductors of a smaller inner diameter instead of the significantly larger volume of a tank.

[0087] As the present heating system includes an electric battery, the present system reduces the downtime if grid power is down as the system continues to be operational even if grid power is unavailable. Further, the electric battery serves as a sink for electric grid power when its pricing is favorable or low or when the demand for grid power is low.

[0088] Hard water causes unwanted mineral deposits (scaling) on the fluid contact surfaces of the water heater system. Severe scaling can cause severe drop in the water heater efficiency and life span. Scale deposits in the interior surfaces of heat exchanger tubes can reduce the heat exchanger efficiency as the scale deposits reduce heat transfer rate from the exterior to the interior surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes. Therefore, more heat would be required to raise each degree of water temperature. Excessive scale deposits, or any other like issues, that cause reduced heat exchanger efficiency, can lead to overheating of the exterior surfaces of a heat exchanger resulting in a shortened heat exchanger service life. In addition to resulting in damage to the heat exchanger, overheating of the heat exchanger exterior surfaces leads to undue energy loss. As the contents or bath of the present tank is isolated from the domestic water delivered to an end user, the speed of a flow through the domestic water conductor is significantly higher than a flow through a tank, thereby reducing the likelihood that scaling can occur.

[0089] In one embodiment, as the present heating system is coupled with an ozone generator disposed within a short distance or within about 6 ft from the point at which water is received by a user at a faucet or shower head, the water exiting the faucet is sanitized without having an opportunity to be re-contaminated. Further, sanitization of the fluid conductor at such length is effective as the distance does not provide sufficient dwell time for the generated ozone to break down into oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules which would not provide any sanitization value.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0090] The term “about” is used herein to mean approximately, roughly, around, or in the region of. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies that range by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical values set forth. In general, the term “about” is used herein to modify a numerical value above and below the stated value by a variance of 20 percent up or down (higher or lower).

[0091] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an under sink heating system 2. FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an under sink heating system 2. It shall be noted that a difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 lies in the inlet end of the water conductor 40. The embodiment of FIG. 2 shows the inlet end as being disposed through a bath of tank 20 that serves as a thermal battery. A coil 50 is disposed on this inlet end to pre-heat the incoming flow through the water conductor 40 to decrease the thermal transfer gap that is required through heat exchanger 10 from the heat transfer fluid in the first fluid circuit 4 or the second fluid circuit 6. Each heating system 2 includes a water conductor 40, a valve 8, a heat exchanger 14, a blower 16, a coil 12, a final heat exchanger 10 and a control device 38. The water conductor 40 includes an inlet 34 and an outlet 36, the inlet 34 configured for receiving a domestic water flow. The valve 8 is configured to cooperate with a fluid moving device 26 which together are operable to selectively circulate a heat transfer fluid in a first fluid circuit 4 and/or a second fluid circuit 6. In one embodiment, the fluid moving device 26 is a compressor, wherein the heating system 2 further includes an expansion valve 18 fluidly connected to the first fluid conductor 4 and the second fluid conductor. The blower 16 is operable to supply a stream of fluid over the heat exchanger 14, wherein the heat exchanger 14 is fluidly connected to the first fluid circuit 4. Each of the first fluid circuit 4 and the second fluid circuit 6 is essentially a heat pump. The heat pump including a first fluid moving device 26, e.g., compressor, operable to circulate a heat transfer fluid in a first fluid conductor 4 through an evaporator (heat exchanger 14 in the first fluid circuit 4 or coil 12 in the second fluid circuit) where the refrigerant flowing therein expands by absorbing heat from the ambient environment of the heat exchanger 14 as in the case of the first fluid circuit 4 and from the contents of the J bend tube as in the case of the second fluid circuit 6. As expansion valve 18 is disposed upstream of heat exchanger 14 and coil 12, the heat transfer fluid, e.g., refrigerant, flowing therein expands upon passing the expansion valve 18 and before arriving at either heat exchanger 14 or coil 12. As the heat transfer fluid arrives at heat exchanger 10, the heat transfer fluid condenses, giving up heat to the domestic water flow in the water conductor 40.

[0092] The heat exchanger 14 is disposed to transfer heat between the heat transfer fluid and the heat exchanger 14, whereby heat is transferred between the heat transfer fluid and the stream of fluid over the heat exchanger 14. The coil 12 is fluidly connected to the second fluid circuit 6, wherein the coil 12 is configured to be disposed on a drainage tube 28, e.g., a J bend drainage tube, to transfer heat between the heat transfer fluid and the coil 12, whereby heat is transferred between the heat transfer fluid and contents of the drainage tube. In one embodiment, the coil 12 is configured to be wrapped around the drainage tube. The coil 12 need not be wrapped around the drainage tube provided that sufficient contact for thermal transmission is made between the two parts. A J bend drainage tube is so-termed as its shape resembles the letter J and it is useful for preventing sewer gases from entering a living space or another indoor space via the drainage tube 28 by having a curved tube portion that traps a small column of effluent 52. The final heat exchanger 10 is configured for thermally coupling the first fluid circuit 4 and the water conductor 40 and the second fluid circuit 6 and the water conductor 40, whereby heat is transferred between the heat transfer fluid to the domestic water flow. In one embodiment, the valve 8 is a 3-way valve which controls whether a refrigerant, e.g., carbon dioxide, etc., flow driven by the fluid moving device 26 flows through the first fluid circuit 4 or the second fluid circuit 6. In on embodiment, the 3-way valve is capable of being modulated. In other words, the 3-away valve can be disposed in a position to allow a flow through both the first and second fluid circuits 4, 6 simultaneously. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes an ozone generator 48 configured for sanitizing the domestic water flow. In the embodiment shown, the ozone generator 48 is disposed at the inlet of the water conductor in order to allow sufficient dwell time for the generated ozone to carry out its function for removing odor and killing bacteria and other pathogens, etc.

[0093] If the present heating system 2 is unable to satisfy a hot water demand, in one embodiment, the heating system 2 further includes a thermal battery, an electrical battery 24 or both. A thermal battery is essentially a tank 20 including a bath and a portion 42 of the first fluid conductor 4 or the second fluid conductor 6 disposed through the bath of the tank 20. The portion 42 is essentially a heat exchanger being disposed within the tank 20 to transfer heat between the bath and the heat transfer fluid. In one embodiment, the bath is water. In another embodiment, the bath is a phase change material (PCM).

[0094] The price of electricity supply via an electricity grid can vary over the course of a day according to its demand. For instance, during periods of peak demand for electricity and when its supply is insufficient to cover the demand or when its supply barely meets the demand, electricity is priced at a higher level than when the supply well exceeds the demand. Therefore, it may be advantages to utilize electricity from the grid to charge the electric battery 24 in order to store electrical energy in the electric battery 24 in anticipation for later use when grid electricity is more costly. Alternatively and/or additionally, grid electricity can be used to generate heat energy stored in the tank 20 via one or more supplementary heating elements 22 even when there is not an immediate need for hot water when the cost of grid electricity is low. The cost of grid electricity may be observed and analyzed using the controller 38 by receiving grid electricity pricing data, e.g., over the internet.

[0095] Although operating mode examples are shown with the embodiment of the heating system 2 of FIG. 2 in FIGS. 3 and 4, similar operating modes are applicable to the embodiment of the heating system 2 of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting the under sink heating system 2 of FIG. 2 with the fluid moving device active in circulating a refrigerant flow in a circuit configured for extracting heat from the ambient environment under sink. In the operating mode shown in FIG. 3, the control device 38 is operable to control the fluid moving device 26 to circulate the heat transfer fluid in the first fluid circuit 4, the blower 16 and the valve 8 by disposing the valve 8 in a first position in response to a first hot water demand at the faucet 46. Note that heat energy is received from the ambient environment of heat exchanger 14 and transferred to the flow through the water conductor 40. The control device 38 is further operable to control the fluid moving device 26 to circulate the heat transfer fluid in the first fluid circuit 4, the blower 16 and the valve 8 by disposing the valve 8 in a first position in response to a first thermal charging demand when a hot water demand is inactive, e.g., when faucet 46 is turned off.

[0096] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting the under sink heating system of FIG. 2 with the fluid moving device active in circulating a refrigerant flow in a coil 12 configured for receiving heat from a J bend drainage tube 28 under sink 44. A large amount of heat energy remains in an effluent of a hot water demand. When hot water is used, only a small amount of heat energy is extracted by the user or a sink system, e.g., the sink 44 itself, drain tailpiece 30, drain fitting 32, etc. The heat energy not extracted by these components will subsequently follow the effluent 52 to a septic or sewer system, unused and dissipated through the ambient environment of the septic or sewer system. In the operating mode shown in FIG. 4, the control device 38 is operable to control the fluid moving device to circulate the heat transfer fluid in the second fluid circuit 6 and the valve 8 by disposing the valve 8 in a second position in response to a second hot water demand. The control device 38 is further operable to control the fluid moving device 26 to circulate the heat transfer fluid in the second fluid circuit 6, and the valve 8 by disposing the valve 8 in a second position in response to a second thermal charging demand. In both of these operating modes, some heat energy of the effluent 52 through the J bend tube is extracted, preventing the total loss of the remaining heat energy in the effluent. In the embodiment shown, the coil is preferably disposed at least to encompass the portion of the J bend tube where the effluent can collect as the dwell time of this collection of the effluent is the highest, affording the highest heat transfer rate from the effluent 52 to the heat transfer fluid through the second fluid circuit 6.

[0097] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting a partial view of a coil 12 disposed on a J bend drainage tube 28. The coil 12 is preferably disposed on the J bend tube 28 as tightly as possible, making as much contact with the J bend tube 28 as possible to maximize heat transfer at least via conduction. In one embodiment, the coil 12 is a copper tube and the J bend tube 28 is constructed from a metallic material or another excellent thermal conductor.

[0098] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting a partial cross-sectional view of a coil 12 disposed on a drainage tube 28. It shall be noted that in this embodiment, a coil 12 with rectangular cross-sectional profile is used such that the thermal contact surface area of the coil 12 and the drainage tube 28 can be maximized which in turn causes heat transfer between the effluent 52 and the heat transfer fluid 54 to be maximized. FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting a partial cross-sectional view of a coil 12 disposed on a drainage tube 28. Here, a thermal paste 54 is disposed in the cavities between a coil 12 and a drainage tube 28 to enhance thermal transfer between the effluent 52 and the heat transfer fluid 54 further.

[0099] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting a heat exchanger configuration capable of being clamped onto a drainage tube. Here, the coil 12 is configured in two halves 60 as shown. This configuration allows coil 12 to be applied to a drainage tube 28 without requiring the drainage tube 28 to be inserted through the lumen of the coil 12 in the lengthwise direction of the lumen, making installation of the present heating system and retrofitting of the present coil 12 onto an installed drainage tube 28 easier.

[0100] FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting an under sink or compact heating system 2 including a sanitizing system. The sanitizing system includes an ozone generator 48 disposed downstream from a heater 64 and a temperature sensor 62. It shall be noted that the temperature sensor 62 is useful for detecting the inlet temperature of the heater 64 or commonly known as the cold water supply. Although a cold water supply is generally disposed at a temperature unsuitable for Legionella proliferation, it is possible for the temperature of the cold water supply to be elevated to a temperature that falls within the range of temperature suitable for Legionella proliferation, i.e., about 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.)-50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.). The heater 64 can be an electric heater, a heat pump, a combustion heater or any device capable of raising the temperature of a water flow for hot water, e.g., commercial or residential hot water uses. The sanitizing system includes an ozone generator 48, an ozone demand indicator for determining the existence of a demand for ozone in the water flow and a control device 82. When hot water is requested, an incoming water flow 66 enters the heating system 2 to produce a heated flow 68 which then becomes a sanitized heated flow 70 and a sanitized unheated flow 72 upon exiting the ozone generator 48. Here, the term “ozone generator” is used herein to represent an ozone-producing device and a device or configuration of the ozone generator which aids in providing ozone in a flow. Note that both the heated flow 68 and unheated flow 72 are effectively disposed through the ozone generator 48 before arriving at a faucet 46 where the heated or unheated water flows may be mixed at a mixing valve 78 to achieve a resulting flow 74 with a temperature according to a user's liking. The ozone generator 48 is configured to be disposed no more than about 72 inches upstream of the point of use on a fluid conductor supplying a water flow at the point of use 80 as at such distance, sanitization of the fluid conductor can be ensured as the distance does not provide sufficient dwell time for the generated ozone to break down into oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules which would not provide any sanitization value. Further, as the ozone's half life is rather short, it is beneficial to generate it just in time to be used locally. As an added benefit, an ozone-infused flow further sanitizes the drainage of the sink into which the flow empties, killing the unpleasant odor-causing bacteria. The control device 82 is configured to control the ozone demand indicator and the ozone generator 48 responsive to the ozone demand indicator. In one example, the control device 82 is configured to cause the ozone generator 48 to start generating ozone upon receiving an indication from the ozone demand indicator that the demand for ozone exists and to stop generating ozone upon receiving an indication from the ozone demand indicator that the demand for ozone no longer exists.

[0101] In one embodiment, the ozone demand indicator is a flow sensor 76 configured to detect a presence of a water flow. In other words, when a flow occurs, a sanitized flow will be provided at the point of use 80. This embodiment is useful for water usage where the presence of Legionella is of great concern and the water flow is sanitized regardless of whether the water flow needs to be sanitized.

[0102] In another embodiment, the ozone demand indicator is a timer configured to detect continuous non-existence of the water flow for at least a period of time. In one embodiment, the timer is a part of the services available on the control device. In one embodiment, the at least a period of time is about 1-2 hours. In other words, if no water has been requested from the faucet for at least about 1-2 hours, the demand for ozone now exists during the next use of the faucet. That is, when the faucet is turned on after an inactivity of at least about 1-2 hours, ozone will be produced. In one embodiment, the demand for ozone is based upon a predetermined duration. For instance, if the predetermined duration is 30 seconds, the ozone generator will be turned on for 30 seconds if the request for water at the faucet lasts for this amount of time or an amount of time greater than this amount of time. For a faucet equipped with an electronically-controlled on-off function, sanitization with ozone can occur without a water request. The path downstream from the ozone generator can be sanitized at a schedule not unlike the cadence in sanitization that coincides with manual requests of water as disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0103] In yet another embodiment, the ozone demand indicator is a timer configured to detect cumulative non-existence of the water flow for at least a period of time. In one embodiment, the timer is a part of the services available on the control device. In one embodiment, the at least a period of time is about 3-6 hours.

[0104] In yet another embodiment, the ozone demand indicator is a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the water flow upstream of a heating system disposed upstream of the ozone generator, that falls within a range of temperature suitable for Legionella proliferation.

[0105] FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting an under sink or compact heating system including a sanitizing system and an ozone sensor 84. Here, the concentration of ozone at the point of use 80 can be obtained in real time via an ozone sensor 84 which communicates wirelessly with the control device 82. As the ozone concentration is available downstream from the point where ozone is generated, the rate at which ozone is generated at the ozone generator can be adjusted to a suitable value, e.g., to about 2 ppm. If the ozone concentration is determined to be too high at the ozone sensor 84, the rate can be reduced. However, if the concentration is too low to be effective as a sanitizer, the rate can be increased to increase the concentration of dissolved ozone. Excessive ozone production not only wastes energy, degrades the equipment useful for generating ozone and heating, a high concentration of dissolved ozone can also pose danger to the user.

[0106] The detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific aspects and embodiments in which the present disclosed embodiments may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice aspects of the present invention. Other embodiments may be utilized, and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments. The detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, with the full scope of equivalents to which they may be entitled. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement that is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Combinations of the above embodiments and other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon studying the above description. The scope of the present disclosed embodiments includes any other applications in which embodiments of the above structures and fabrication methods are used. The scope of the embodiments should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.