FUELS

Abstract

The use of at least one wax anti-settling additive, optionally in combination with one or more further additives, to reduce the filter blocking tendency of a fuel composition having a tendency to block filters, wherein the fuel composition comprises a renewable diesel component and a biodiesel component.

Claims

1. The use of at least one wax anti-settling additive, optionally in combination with one or more further additives, to reduce the filter blocking tendency of a fuel composition having a tendency to block filters, wherein the fuel composition comprises a renewable diesel component and a biodiesel component.

2. A method of reducing the filter blocking tendency of a fuel composition having a tendency to block filters and which comprises a biodiesel component and a renewable diesel component, the method comprising dosing into the fuel at least one wax anti-settling additive and optionally one or more further additives.

3. A fuel composition comprising a renewable diesel component, a biodiesel component, at least one wax anti-settling additive and optionally one or more further additives; wherein the fuel composition has a reduced filter blocking tendency compared with an otherwise identical fuel composition which does not comprise the wax anti-setting additive and has a tendency to block filters.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fuel composition comprises from 5 to 35 vol % of a biodiesel component and from 65 to 95 vol % of a renewable diesel component.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the wax anti-settling additive is selected from one or more of: (a) the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine; (b) the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine; (c) the reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid; (d) the reaction product of secondary amines and a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an α-olefin; (e) the reaction product an anhydride of a polycarboxylic acid and at least two equivalents of secondary amine; (f) a spirobislactone derivative; and (g) a Mannich modified alkylphenol aldehyde resin.

6. The method according to claim 2 wherein the fuel composition comprises a mineral diesel component.

7. The method according to claim 2 wherein the fuel composition does not comprise a mineral diesel component.

8. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (a) the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine.

9. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (b) the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine.

10. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (c) the reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid.

11. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (d) the reaction product of secondary amines and a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an A-olefin.

12. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (e) the reaction product of an anhydride of a polycarboxylic acid and at least two equivalents of secondary amine.

13. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (f) a spirobislactone derivative.

14. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises (g) a Mannich modified alkylphenol aldehyde resin.

15. The method according to claim 2 wherein the wax anti-settling additive comprises two or more of component (a), component (b), component (c), component (d), component (e), component (f) and component (g).

16. The method according to claim 2 wherein the one or more further additives includes a copolymer obtained by reacting monomers of: (x) an α-olefin; (y) an ester of an unsaturated alcohol; and optionally (z) a third monomer different to (x) and (y) comprising an alkene functional group.

17. The method according to claim 2 wherein the one or more further additives includes an alkyl phenol resin.

18. The method according to claim 2 which provides an improved filter blocking tendency as measured by the Canadian Cold Soak Filter Blocking Tendency test CAN/CGSB-3.0 No. 142.0-2019.

Description

EXAMPLE 1

[0166] A commercially sourced fuel composition comprising a blend of 80% by volume of a renewable diesel and 20% by volume of a biodiesel was treated with 250 ppm of an additive comprising an aromatic solvent and about 50% active ingredients including a wax anti-settling additive.

[0167] The untreated blended fuel had the following properties:

TABLE-US-00001 Cloud Point, CFPP, Pour Point, ASTM D7689 (° C.) ASTM D6371 (° C.) ASTM D7346 (° C.) 2.4 0 0

EXAMPLE 2

[0168] The unadditised and additised fuel compositions described in example 1 were tested according to a modification of the procedure of the standard CSFBT test method set out in CAN/CGSB 3.0, No. 142-2019.

[0169] The summary of the modified test method is as follows: [0170] 1. A sample of the fuel composition is first conditioned to erase its thermal history. [0171] 2. The fuel composition is then held at 1° C. for 16 h. [0172] 3. The fuel composition is then warmed to 25° C. for 2-4 h. [0173] 4. After warming, the fuel composition is then passed at a constant rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a glass fibre filter medium (1.6 μm pore size). [0174] 4.1. The pressure drop across the filter is monitored until 300 mL of the fuel composition has passed through the filter, and the maximum pressure drop is used to calculate the CSFBT result, or [0175] 4.2. If a pressure drop of 105 kPa is reached before 300 mL of the fuel composition is filtered, the volume filtered when 105 kPa is reached is used to calculate the CSFBT result. [0176] 5. Results of the CSFBT test can range from 1.0 for a fuel composition with very good filterability (essentially no separated materials under the test conditions), to more than 10 for a fuel composition with poor filterability (a relatively high level of separated materials under test conditions)

[0177] The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Fuel FBT Base fuel 3.88 Additised fuel 1.18

EXAMPLE 3

[0178] An additive composition A was prepared comprising the components listed in table 2:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Component wt % active Description of component EVA copolymer 4.0 copolymer comprising 86.5 mol % ethylene and 13.5 mol % vinyl acetate having Mn of ~3,600 Terpolymer 8.1 copolymer comprising ~85 mol % ethylene, ~10 mol % vinyl acetate and ~5 mol % 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and having Mn of ~4,000 WASA 6.0 amide-amine salt formed by reacting 1 molar portion of phthalic anhydride with 2 molar portions of hydrogenated ditallow fatty amine Xylene 54.2 Other solvents To 100 Including diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DIEGME) and solvents from polymer and WASA components

[0179] Additive composition A was dosed into a blended fuel comprising 80% by volume of a renewable diesel and 20% by volume of a biodiesel. The biodiesel fuel component had the following fatty acid methyl ester distribution:

TABLE-US-00004 Component Normalized Totals (wt %) C16:0 9.35 C16:1 0 C18:0 3.88 C18:1 36.62 C18:2/3 49.08 C20:0 0.38 C20:1 0.37 C22:0 0.32 Total 100

[0180] The renewable diesel component of the blended fuel had a cloud point of −11.5° C. and a pour point of −12° C.

[0181] The resultant fuel composition was tested according to the method described in example 2.

[0182] The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3 Additive composition A Fuel (ppm) FBT Base fuel 0 3.88 Additised fuel 1000 1.87

EXAMPLE 4

[0183] An additive composition B was prepared comprising the components listed in table 4:

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 Component wt % active Description of component EVA copolymer 4.0 copolymer comprising 86.5 mol % ethylene and 13.5 mol % vinyl acetate having Mn of ~3,600 Terpolymer 8.1 copolymer comprising ~85 mol % ethylene, ~10 mol % vinyl acetate and ~5 mol % 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and having Mn of ~4,000 WASA 3.0 the reaction product of 1 mole of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and 4 moles of hydrogenated ditallow fatty amine. Xylene 63.3 Other solvents To 100 Including diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DIEGME) and solvents from polymer and WASA components

[0184] An additive composition C was prepared comprising the components listed in table 5:

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 5 Component wt % active Description of component EVA copolymer 4.0 copolymer comprising 86.5 mol % ethylene and 13.5 mol % vinyl acetate having Mn of ~3,600 Terpolymer 8.1 copolymer comprising ~85 mol % ethylene, ~10 mol % vinyl acetate and ~5 mol % 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and having Mn of ~4,000 WASA 3.0 copolymer of maleic anhydride and a C18 α-olefin reacted with 2 equivalents of hydrogenated ditallow fatty amine. Xylene 63.2 Other solvents To 100 Including diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DIEGME) and solvents from polymer and WASA components

[0185] Additive compositions A, B and C were dosed into a blended fuel comprising 80% by volume of a renewable diesel and 20% by volume of a biodiesel. The biodiesel fuel component had the following fatty acid methyl ester distribution:

TABLE-US-00008 Component Normalized Totals ( wt %) C14:0 2.56 C16:0 24.65 C16:1 2.45 C17:0 1.21 C17:1 1.14 C18:0 18.85 C18:1 44.02 C18:2 5.11 Total 100

[0186] The renewable diesel component of the blended fuel had a cloud point of −11.5° C. and a pour point of −12° C.

[0187] The resultant fuel compositions were tested according to the method described in example 2.

[0188] The results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 5 Additive composition treat Fuel rate (ppm) FBT Base fuel 0 2.90 Base + additive B 1000 1.94 Base + additive C 1000 1.94