VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER FOR EMITTING A SINGLE MODE LASER BEAM

Abstract

A vertical-cavity surface emitting laser includes a substrate, a first reflector, an active region, an oxide layer, a second reflector, and a circular metal electrode. The first reflector is formed above the substrate. The active region is formed above the first reflector, and includes at least one quantum well. The at least one quantum well generates a laser beam with a plurality of modes. The oxide layer is formed above the active region and includes an oxide aperture. The second reflector is formed above the oxide layer. The circular metal electrode is formed in a circular concave in the second reflector. The circular metal electrode reflects other modes of the laser beam with the plurality of modes except for a fundamental mode and receive an operational voltage. A window exists between the circular concave and lets the laser beam with the fundamental mode pass.

Claims

1. A vertical-cavity surface emitting laser for emitting a single mode laser beam, comprising; a substrate; a first reflector formed above the substrate; an active region formed above the first reflector and comprising at least one well, wherein the at least one quantum well generates a laser beam with a plurality of modes; an oxide layer formed above the active region and comprising an oxide aperture; a second reflector formed above the oxide layer; and a circular metal electrode formed in circular concave in the second reflector, wherein circular metal electrode reflects other modes of the plurality of modes of the laser beam expect for a fundamental mode of the plurality of modes of the laser beam and receive an operational voltage; circular metal wherein a window exists between the circular concave and lets the laser beam with the fundamental mode pass.

2. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the first reflector is an N-type distributed Bragg reflector, and the first reflector is formed by stacking a plurality of N-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials and a plurality of N-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials alternately.

3. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 2, wherein the plurality of N-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials comprises N-type Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) or Gallium indium arsenide phosphide(GaInAsP) or Gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) or Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) or Gallium indium nitride (GaInN) and the plurality of N-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials comprises N-type Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) or Gallium indium arsenide phosphide(GaInAsP) or Gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) or Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) or Gallium indium nitride (GaInN).

4. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the second reflector is a P-type distributed Bragg reflector and the second reflector is formed by stacking a plurality of P-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials and a plurality of P-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials alternately.

5. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 4, wherein the plurality of P-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials comprises P-type Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) or Gallium indium arsenide phosphide(GaInAsP) or Gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) or Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) or Gallium indium nitride (GaInN) and the plurality of P-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials comprises P-type Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) or Gallium indium arsenide phosphide(GaInAsP) or Gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) or Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) or Gallium indium nitride (GaInN).

6. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 4, wherein when doping concentration of the P-type distributed Bragg reflector is greater than 10.sup.18 atoms/cm.sup.3, the circular metal electrode is Gold titanium platinum alloy (TiPtAu); when the doping concentration of the P-type distributed Bragg reflector is less than 10.sup.17 atoms/cm.sup.3, the circular metal electrode is Zinc gold alloy (AuZn).

7. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a Gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an Indium phosphide (InP) substrate or an Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) substrate or a Silicon (Si) substrate or a Gallium nitride (GaN) substrate.

8. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the at least one quantum well comprises a semiconductor material for generating the laser beam with the plurality of modes, and the semiconductor material comprises Indium Gallium arsenide (InGaAs) or Gallium arsenide (GaAs) or Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) or Gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) or Gallium arsenide nitride (GaAsN) or Gallium Arsenide Antimonide (GaAsSb).

9. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein width of the window is less than 5 μm.

10. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein width of the oxide aperture is between 5 μm and 10 μm.

11. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the oxide layer is an aluminum oxide (AlO.sub.x), wherein x is a positive real number.

12. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the laser beam with the fundamental mode is the single mode laser beam.

13. The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the at least one quantum well can be replaced by a gain medium, wherein the gain medium comprises at least one quantum dot or a bulk.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser for emitting a single mode laser beam according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a structure of a first reflector.

[0022] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a structure of a second reflector.

[0023] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser for emitting a single mode laser beam.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser 100 for emitting a single mode laser beam according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the vertical-cavity surface emitting laser 100 includes a substrate 202, a first reflector 204, an active region 206, an oxide layer 208, a second reflector 210, and a circular metal electrode 212. The substrate 202 is a Gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an Indium phosphide (InP) substrate or an Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) substrate or a Silicon (Si) substrate or a Gallium nitride (GaN) substrate. The first reflector 204 is formed above the substrate 202. The active region 206 is formed above the first reflector 204, and the active region 206 includes at least one quantum well, wherein the at least one quantum well includes a semiconductor material for generating a first laser beam 402 with a plurality of modes, and the semiconductor material is Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) or Gallium arsenide (GaAs) or Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) or Gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) or Gallium arsenide nitride (GaAsN) or Gallium Arsenide Antimonide(GaAsSb), and the at least one quantum well can be replaced by a gain medium, wherein the gain medium comprises at least one quantum dot or a bulk. The oxide layer 208 is formed above the active region 206, and the oxide layer 208 includes an oxide aperture 302, wherein width of the oxide aperture 302 is between 5 μm and 10 μm, the oxide layer 208 is an aluminum oxide (AlOx), and x is a positive real number. The second reflector 210 is formed above the oxide layer 208. The circular metal electrode 212 is formed in a circular concave in the second reflector 210, wherein a window 304 exists between the circular concave, wherein width of the window 304 is less than 5 μm.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first reflector 204 is an N-type distributed Bragg reflector, and the first reflector 204 is formed by stacking a plurality of N-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials N1 and a plurality of N-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials N2 alternately, wherein the plurality of N-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials N1 includes N-type AlGaAs or GaInAsP or GaInAsN or InGaAs or GaInN and the plurality of N-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials N2 includes N-type AlGaAs or GaInAsP or GaInAsN or InGaAs or GaInN. In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2B, the second reflector 210 is a P-type distributed Bragg reflector, and the second reflector 210 is formed by stacking a plurality of P-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials P1 and a plurality of P-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials P2 alternately, wherein the plurality of P-type low-refractive-index semiconductor materials P1 includes P-type AlGaAs or GaInAsP or GaInAsN or InGaAs or GaInN and the plurality of P-type high-refractive-index semiconductor materials P2 includes P-type AlGaAs or GaInAsP or GaInAsN or InGaAs or GaInN. When doping concentration of the P-type distributed Bragg reflector is greater than 10.sup.18 atoms/cm3, the circular metal electrode is Gold titanium platinum alloy (TiPtAu); when the doping concentration of the P-type distributed Bragg reflector is less than 10.sup.17 atoms/cm3, the circular metal electrode is Zinc gold alloy (AuZn).

[0026] As shown in FIG. 3, the active region 206 utilizes the at least one quantum well to emit the first laser beam 402 with the plurality of modes. When the first laser beam 402 passes through the oxide aperture 302, the oxide layer 208 can limit the first laser beam 402 by first light limitation, and only lets a second laser beam 404 pass the oxide aperture 302, wherein the first light limitation means that the first laser beam 402 cannot pass through the oxide layer 208, but can pass through the oxide aperture 302, and modes of the second laser beam 404 is less than modes of the first laser beam 402. Then, the circular metal electrode 212 can also limit the second laser beam 404 by second light limitation, and the window 304 between the circular metal electrode 212 can let a single mode laser beam 406 pass, wherein the second light limitation is an anti-resonance effect, the anti-resonance effect is used for reflecting other modes of a plurality of modes of the second laser beam 404 except for a fundamental mode of the plurality of modes of the second laser beam 404, the circular metal electrode 212 is further used for receiving an operational voltage, and the single mode laser beam 406 is a laser beam with the fundamental mode. The anti-resonance effect usually means that when etching depth of the circular concave is equal to a quarter wavelength of the single mode laser beam 406, the etching depth will make threshold gain larger. That is to say, the etching depth makes other modes of the plurality of modes of the second laser beam 404 except for the fundamental mode of the plurality of modes of the second laser beam 404 not easily pass through the window 304. However, during the practical etching process, it is very difficult to let the etching depth be equal to the quarter wavelength of the single mode laser beam 406. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the etching depth is not equal to the quarter wavelength of the single mode laser beam 406, the circular metal electrode 212 can prevent the other modes of the plurality of modes of the second laser beam 404 except for the fundamental mode of the plurality of modes of the second laser beam 404 from passing through the window 304 by the anti-resonance effect. That is to say, the circular metal electrode 212 can increase tolerance of etching.

[0027] To sum up, the vertical-cavity surface emitting laser of the present invention utilizes the circular metal electrode to reflect the other modes of the laser beam except for the fundamental mode of the laser beam to let the laser beam with the fundamental mode emitted. Therefore, compared to the prior art, because the vertical-cavity surface emitting laser includes the circular metal electrode, and the oxide aperture is larger, the present invention can effectively solve the shortcomings of the prior art generating damping earlier and the damping reducing efficiency of the vertical-cavity surface emitting laser.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.