SIMPLIFIED CULTIVATION METHOD WITHOUT WHEAT-CORN ROTATION SYSTEM IN HUANG-HUAI-HAI PLAIN

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a simplified cultivation method without wheat-corn rotation system in Huang-huai-hai Plain. Aiming at making the most of regional light, temperature and water resources to increase the annual wheat-corn grain yield, the method optimally integrates cultivation technologies for two crops to achieve the objective of complementary, comprehensive and balanced annual grain production. The technical core of the method is as follows: directly planting corn with minimal tillage under no soil ploughing but straw mulching after corn harvest, and directly planting wheat with minimal tillage under no soil ploughing but straw mulching after wheat harvest, thereby realizing zero crop rotation in annual wheat-corn planting in the Huang-huai-hai Plain, making the most of light and temperature resources and increasing regional annual grain yield.

Claims

1. A simplified cultivation method without wheat-corn rotation system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: directly planting corn with minimal tillage under no soil ploughing but straw mulching after corn harvest, and directly planting wheat with minimal tillage under no soil ploughing but straw mulching after wheat harvest, thereby realizing zero crop rotation in annual wheat-corn planting, making the most of light and temperature resources and increasing regional annual grain yield.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a process after corn harvest in conventional production is changed to one-step process of leveling and seeding in a wheat seedbed; for corn planting, conventional direct stubble seeding of corn is changed to leveling and seeding in a corn seedbed.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the wheat is seeded on the day or the next day after corn harvest; and the corn is seeded on the day or the next day after wheat harvest.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the wheat is seeded on the day after corn harvest; and the corn is seeded on the day after wheat harvest.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein a no-tillage fertile-seeding drill is used for completing the process of leveling and seeding in the wheat seedbed; preferably, 2BMF Wheat No-tillage Planter is used.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein technical parameters of wheat planting are as follows: subsoiling depth of seedbed is 27-29 cm; finishing depth of seedbed is 11-13 cm; seedbed width is 17-19 cm; two rows of wheat are seeded in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 9-11 cm; both sides of the seedbed are undisturbed soil, with a width of 11-13 cm; wheat seeding depth is 3.5-4.5 cm; fertilization depth of seed fertilizer is 9-11 cm, and the fertilizer is applied 2.5-3.5 cm lateral to a wheat seed; seedbed finishing standard means that bulk density of 11-13 cm deep soil is preferably 1.1-1.2 g/cm.sup.3, and total soil porosity is 54-56%.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the technical parameters of wheat planting are as follows: the subsoiling depth of seedbed is 28 cm; the finishing depth of seedbed is 12 cm; the seedbed width is 18 cm; two rows of wheat are seeded in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 10 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed are undisturbed soil, with a width of 12 cm; the wheat seeding depth is 4 cm; the fertilization depth of seed fertilizer is 10 cm, and the fertilizer is applied 3 cm lateral to a wheat seed.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a no-tillage fertile-seeding drill is used for completing the leveling and seeding in the corn seedbed; preferably, a Lovol MaterMacc vacuum precision planter is used.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein technical parameters of corn planting are as follows: subsoiling depth of corn seedbed is 19-21 cm; a row of corn is seeded in the seedbed; seedbed width is 9-11 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed are undisturbed soil, with a width of 34-36 cm; row spacing of corn is 44-46 cm; finishing depth of seedbed is 7-9 cm; corn seeding depth is 2.5-3.5 cm; fertilization depth of seed fertilizer is 14-16 cm, and the fertilizer is just applied below the corn seed; seedbed finishing standard means that bulk density of 7-9 cm deep soil is preferably 1.1-1.2 g/cm.sup.3, and total soil porosity is 54-56%; preferably, the fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the technical parameters of corn planting are as follows: the subsoiling depth of corn seedbed is 20 cm; a row of corn is seeded in the seedbed; the seedbed width is 10 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed are undisturbed soil, with a width of 35 cm; the row spacing of corn is 45 cm; the finishing depth of seedbed is 8 cm; the corn seeding depth is 3 cm; the fertilization depth of seed fertilizer is 15 cm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The drawings constituting a part of the specification of the present disclosure are intended to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure. The exemplary examples and descriptions of the present disclosure are intended to explain the present disclosure, and should not be construed to unduly limit the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of wheat seeding, where dotted lines in the box composed of thick solid lines represent center lines of wheat seeds.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of corn seeding, wherein dotted lines represent the center lines of corn seeds.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further descriptions of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only intended to describe specific examples, but not intended to limit the exemplary examples according to the present disclosure. As used herein, a singular form is intended to include a plural form unless otherwise indicated explicitly in the context. Furthermore, it should be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including” used in this specification specify the presence of features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.

[0036] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present disclosure more clearly, the technical solution of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

EXAMPLE 1

[0037] The example was carried out in a test field of the Crop Research Institute,

[0038] Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2018 to 2019. The winter wheat in this example was seeded immediately after the corn was harvested on Oct. 2, 2018. 2BMF Wheat No-tillage Planter (Shandong Dahua Machinery Co., Ltd.) was used. The technical parameters of wheat planting were as follows: the subsoiling depth of seedbed was 28 cm; the finishing depth of seedbed was 12 cm; for seedbed finishing standard, the bulk density of 12 cm soil was preferably 1.1-1.2 g/cm.sup.3, and the soil total porosity was 54-56%; the seedbed width was 18 cm, two rows of wheat were seeded in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 10 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed were undisturbed soil, with a width of 12 cm, as shown in FIG. 1; the wheat seeding depth was 4 cm; the fertilization depth of seed fertilizer was 10 cm, and the fertilizer was applied 3 cm lateral to a wheat seed.

[0039] The conventional production technology was seeding after finishing the farmland on Oct. 12, 2018. The conventional production technology included eight processes: rotary tillage for straw chopping after corn harvest, farmland ploughing, spreading of seed fertilizer, rotary tillage for soil crushing, leveling, bedding, seeding, and tamping. The wheat of this example was harvested after full ripeness on Jun. 7, 2019; for the conventional production technology, the wheat was harvested after full ripeness on Jun. 5, 2019.

[0040] In this example, the corn was leveled and seeded in a seedbed on June 8. The planter was a Lovol MaterMacc vacuum precision planter. The subsoiling depth of corn seedbed was 20 cm, and a row of corn was seeded in the seedbed; the seedbed width was 10 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed were undisturbed soil, with a width of 35 cm and an equal row spacing of 45 cm, as shown in FIG. 2; the finishing depth of seedbed was 8 cm; for the seedbed finishing standard, the bulk density of 8 cm soil was preferably 1.1-1.2 g/cm.sup.3, and the soil total porosity was 54-56%; the corn seeding depth was 3 cm, the fertilization depth of seed fertilizer was 15 cm, and the fertilizer was just applied below the corn seed. The conventional production technology used direct stubble seeding. That year, corns were harvested after full ripeness on October 4 and 6, respectively.

[0041] Investigation, statistics and calculation were conducted on light and temperature resource utilization efficiency, corn germination rate, wheat yield, corn yield, and production cost; the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison of light and temperature resource utilization efficiency, corn germination rate, wheat yield, corn yield, and production cost obtained by two production technologies Light and temperature Corn resource germi- Pro- utilization nation Wheat Corn duction efficiency rate yield yield cost Conventional  4.3% 82% 538 kg/mu 618 kg/mu RMB 458 production yuan/mu technology Example 1 10.6% 98% 581 kg/mu 729 kg/mu RMB 267 yuan/mu

[0042] From Table 1, compared Example 1 with the conventional production technology, there are a 6.3% increase in light and temperature resource utilization efficiency, a 16% increase in corn germination rate, a 7.9% increase in wheat yield, a 17.9% increase in corn yield, and a 41.7% reduction in production cost. In terms of product quality, wheat and corn grains produced according to the method of Example 1 are fuller and the product quality is more excellent.

EXAMPLE 2

[0043] The example was carried out in Yueyang Agricultural Specialized Farmer Cooperative, Mazhuang, Tai'an, Shandong Province from 2018 to 2019. The winter wheat was seeded immediately after the corn was harvested on Oct. 5, 2018. 2BMF Wheat No-tillage Planter (Shandong Dahua Machinery Co., Ltd.) was used. The technical parameters of wheat planting were as follows: the subsoiling depth of seedbed was 28 cm; the finishing depth of seedbed was 12 cm; for seedbed finishing standard, the bulk density of 12 cm soil was preferably 1.1-1.2 g/cm.sup.3, and the soil total porosity was 54-56%; the seedbed width was 18 cm, two rows of wheat were seeded in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 10 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed were undisturbed soil, with a width of 12 cm; the wheat seeding depth was 4 cm; the fertilization depth of seed fertilizer was 10 cm, and the fertilizer was applied 3 cm lateral to a wheat seed. The conventional production technology was seeding after finishing the farmland on October 13, 2018. The conventional production technology included eight processes: rotary tillage for straw chopping after corn harvest, farmland ploughing, spreading of seed fertilizer, rotary tillage for soil crushing, leveling, bedding, seeding, and tamping. The wheat of this example was harvested after late ripening on Jun. 10, 2019; for the conventional production technology, the wheat was harvested after late ripening on Jun. 7, 2019.

[0044] In this example, the corn was leveled and seeded in a seedbed on June 11. The planter was a Lovol MaterMacc vacuum precision planter. The subsoiling depth of corn seedbed was 20 cm, and a row of corn was seeded in the seedbed; the seedbed width was 10 cm; single side or both sides of the seedbed were undisturbed soil, with a width of 35 cm and an equal row spacing of 45 cm; the finishing depth of seedbed was 8 cm; for the seedbed finishing standard, the bulk density of 8 cm soil was preferably 1.1-1.2 g/cm.sup.3, and the soil total porosity was 54-56%; the corn seeding depth was 3 cm, the fertilization depth of seed fertilizer was 15 cm, and the fertilizer was just applied below the corn seed. The conventional production technology used direct stubble seeding. That year, corns were harvested after full ripeness on October 5 and 12, respectively.

[0045] Investigation, statistics and calculation were conducted on light and temperature resource utilization efficiency, corn germination rate, wheat yield, corn yield, and production cost; the results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison of light and temperature resource utilization efficiency, corn germination rate, wheat yield, corn yield, and production cost obtained by two production technologies Light and temperature Corn resource germi- utilization nation Wheat Corn Production efficiency rate yield yield cost Conventional 4.1% 80% 525 603 RMB 462 production kg/mu kg/mu yuan/mu technology Example 2 9.2% 97% 573 715 RMB 278 kg/mu kg/mu yuan/mu

[0046] From Table 2, compared Example 2 with the conventional production technology, there are a 5.1% increase in light and temperature resource utilization efficiency, a 17% increase in corn germination rate, a 9.1% increase in wheat yield, an 18.5% increase in corn yield, and a 39.8% reduction in production cost. In terms of product quality, wheat and corn grains produced according to the method of Example 2 are fuller and the product quality is more excellent.

[0047] The foregoing examples are preferred implementations of the present disclosure, but the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited by the foregoing examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be equivalent replacement methods, and fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.