Precast deep foundation system

Abstract

A deep foundation system having an array of concrete blocks that preferably includes multiple rows of blocks and multiple columns of blocks. Each block preferably has an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of side portions. Each side portion can extend from the upper surface to the lower surface. The array of blocks can have an outermost edge or a peripheral portion. A plurality of open ended channels can be provided through the blocks, each channel preferably extending from one side portion to a different side portion. At least two of the channels can be spaced apart and in between a first and a second of the side portions. At least two of the channels can be spaced apart and in between a third and a fourth of the side portions. The tensile cable members preferably extend through multiple channels of multiple of the blocks and to the peripheral or outer edge portion. One or more openings can be provided in each block. The one or more openings each preferably extend from the upper surface to the lower surface. Each said opening can be positioned in between two of said tensile cable members. An inclined piling preferably extends through the block opening. A load transfer interface can transfer load from each block to inclined piling.

Claims

1. A deep foundation system, comprising; a) an array of concrete blocks that includes multiple rows of blocks and multiple columns of blocks, each said block having an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of side portions, each side portion extending from said upper surface to said lower surface, said array having a peripheral portion; b) a plurality of open ended channels through said blocks, each channel extending from one side portion to a different of said side portions; c) at least two of said channels being spaced apart and in between a first and a second of said side portions; d) at least two of said channels being spaced apart and in between a third and a fourth of said side portions; e) tensile cable members that each extend through multiple channels of multiple said blocks and to said peripheral portion; f) multiple vertically extending openings in each said block, said openings extending from said upper surface to said lower surface, each said opening being in between two of said tensile cable members; g) a vertical or inclined piling extending into each said vertically extending opening, wherein the piling has an upper end with a transverse plate that is positioned in between said upper and lower surfaces; h) a load transfer interface that transfers load from each said block to a said vertical or inclined piling at said transverse plate; and i) wherein said interface includes a mass of concrete that fills each said vertically extending opening and that encapsulates said transverse plate.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said tensile cable member is tensioned so that said blocks are post tensioned.

3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a structure supported by said blocks and vertical pilings.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said interface includes a mass of concrete that is poured into each said block opening, said mass extending above and below said transverse plate.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said interface includes reinforced steel that is partially imbedded in each said block and that extends into said block opening.

6. A deep foundation system, comprising: a) a concrete base that has upper and lower surfaces; b) multiple spaced apart, vertically extending openings in said concrete base, each said opening lined with a metallic can, each can having an open ended bore; c) a metallic frame embedded in said concrete base, said frame connected to each of said metallic cans; d) multiple pilings having upper and lower piling end portions, said upper end portion extending into a said can open ended bore; e) a mass of high strength grout that fills each said can open ended bore; and f) wherein said mass of high strength grout encapsulates a said upper piling end portion.

7. The deep foundation system of claim 6 wherein each said can has a corrugated can side wall.

8. The deep foundation system of claim 6 wherein said frame includes multiple beams.

9. The deep foundation system of claim 8 wherein said beams include a first plurality of beams and a second plurality of beams, each beam of said second plurality of beams welded to one or more beams of said first plurality of beams.

10. The deep foundation system of claim 8 wherein said beams include perimeter beams and inner beams, each inner beam spaced in between two (2) said perimeter beams.

11. The deep foundation system of claim 6 wherein said cans include corner cans and one or more interior cans that are spaced inwardly of said corner cans.

12. The deep foundation system of claim 9 wherein a beam of said first plurality is welded or connected to a beam of said second plurality at a frame corner.

13. The deep foundation system of claim 12 wherein a can is connected to said frame at a said frame corner.

14. The deep foundation system of claim 1 wherein each vertically extending opening includes one or more laterally extending shear keys or sockets, each shear key or socket being a void space that is spaced below said upper surface and above said lower surface.

15. The deep foundation system of claim 1 further comprising a pedestal that extends above said array of blocks.

16. The deep foundation system of claim 15 further comprising a tower structure that connects to said pedestal.

17. The deep foundation system of claim 1 wherein each block connects to another said block with a tongue and groove interface.

18. The deep foundation system of claim 1 wherein each said vertically extending opening has a width larger than the maximum width of each said piling upper end.

19. The deep foundation system of claim 14 wherein the said mass of concrete extends into each said shear key or laterally extending socket.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a partial top view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(5) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(6) FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(7) FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(8) FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(9) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(11) FIG. 10 is a fragmentary top view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(12) FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(13) FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(14) FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(15) FIG. 14 is a fragmentary top view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(16) FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(17) FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(18) FIG. 17 is a fragmentary perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(19) FIG. 18 is a fragmentary perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(20) FIG. 19 is a partial perspective view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(21) FIG. 20 is a partial perspective view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(22) FIG. 21 is a fragmentary perspective view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(23) FIG. 22 is a fragmentary perspective view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(24) FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(25) FIG. 24 is a partial perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

(26) FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and

(27) FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(28) FIGS. 8-9 and 16 show a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention designated generally by the numeral 10. FIGS. 9 and 16 are perspective views showing a deep foundation system 10 having an array 16 of concrete blocks 12 that preferably includes multiple rows 24 of blocks 12 and multiple columns 25 of blocks 12. The array 16 of blocks 12 can be used to support tower 30 upon pedestal 34 (with anchor bolts 35), a pole, multi leg tower or guyed tower. Array 16 of blocks 12 can also support buildings, housings or equipment 11 such as electrical equipment, antenna components/accessories or radios.

(29) Each block 12 preferably has an upper surface 13, a lower surface 14 and a plurality of side portions 15. Each side portion 15 can extend from the upper surface 13 to the lower surface 14. The array 16 of blocks 12 can have an outermost edge or a peripheral portion 17 (see FIGS. 1-3 and 16). Each block 12 can have a tongue or projection 28 (i.e., tongue and groove male key) at some side portions 15 (e.g., two (2) side portions 15) and correspondingly shaped groove or recesses 29 (i.e., tongue and groove female key) at other (two (2) other) side portions 15 so that each projection 28 is preferably able to interlock with a recess 29 of another block 12 (e.g., tongue and groove interface).

(30) In FIGS. 2-3, a plurality of open ended channels 22 can be provided through the blocks 12, each channel 22 preferably extending from one side portion 15 to a different side portion 15. At least two of the channels 22 can be spaced apart and in between a first and a second of the side portions 15, as seen in FIG. 3. At least two of the channels 22 can be spaced apart and in between a third and a fourth of the side portions 15, as seen in FIG. 3. Tensile cable members 21 (commercially available) preferably extend through multiple channels 22 of multiple of the blocks 12 and to the peripheral or outer edge portion 17 (see FIGS. 2-3). Cables 21 can be commercially available pre-stressing cables, post tension tendons or rods. In FIGS. 8 and 16, multiple blocks 12 form the array 16 with each rod or cable or tension member 21 extending through the channels 22 of multiple blocks 12 so that the entire array 16 can be prestressed. Prestressing the cables or rods 21 can be accomplished with known, commercially available tools/equipment.

(31) One or more openings 18 (e.g., each preferably formed with a sonotube, commercially available) can be provided in each block 12. Openings 18 can be vertical openings. The one or more openings 18 each preferably extend from the upper surface 13 to the lower surface 14 of block 12. Each said opening 18 can be positioned in between two of said tensile cable members 21 as seen in FIG. 3. An inclined or vertical piling 19 preferably extends through or to the block opening 18. A load transfer interface can transfer load from each block 12 to one or more inclined or vertical piling 19. FIG. 3 shows a cut away view inside the concrete block 12. The post tension tendons using rods 21 can be seen in FIG. 3.

(32) In another embodiment (FIGS. 10-17), a single precast base 23 is preferably used as opposed to multiple blocks 12, as seen in FIG. 10. A single precast base using piers 23 can transfer a much higher load than a mat foundation which relies upon the near surface soil strengths and the weight of the mat for support. FIGS. 10-17 show a single a shaped pier 23 (i.e., octagonal). The pier 23 could also be circular, or any other shape. The single pier 23 preferably does not need other connecting foundations. Alternatively, a multi-based system can be used as seen in FIG. 8.

(33) FIGS. 3, 6 and 12 show shear keys 26 to prevent the piers 19 from punching through the slab. Each shear key 26 is preferably a voided area located between the top 13 and bottom 14 of a block 12. The shear key 26 is preferably adjacent to opening 18. Both opening 18 and shear key 26 would be filled with concrete or other filler material after block 12 is set on piers 19 at upper plates 33. Shear keys 26 can be used in either preferred or alternate embodiments. In FIGS. 3 and 6, each shear key 26 communicates with a vertical or inclined opening 18. Each key 26 preferably includes a laterally extending socket or sockets 31, 32. Each socket 31, 32 is preferably below block 12 upper surface 13 and above block 12 lower surface 14. Each shear key 26 can be about half the distance between upper surface 13 and lower surface 14 (see FIGS. 5 and 6). When a piling 19 occupies an opening 18, upper plate 33 is preferably at about the same level as shear key 26, preferably half way between upper surface 13 and lower surface 14.

(34) To complete the interface between each piling 19 and each block 12, slurried (wet) concrete is preferably added to openings 18 and to each socket or void space 31, 32 of each key 26 thus preferably encapsulating plate 33 in concrete.

(35) FIGS. 7 and 14 show optional reinforcing bar (rebar) 27 in the keys 26. The bars 27 can be added into the holes 18 and keys 26 preferably after the foundation (blocks 12) is set on the piers or piling 19. Alternatively, the bars 27 can be placed when the blocks 12 are poured.

(36) FIG. 16 shows the option of placing equipment 11 on the pier supported foundations. Since drilling piers or piling can be accomplished with a high tolerance of location during installation, the piers or piling can be drilled first, then the foundation could be set on the piers or piling.

(37) Steps for installation can include:

(38) 1) Clear site to a leveled elevation as determined by the engineer.

(39) 2) Drill the piers into place leaving the top of the piers above grade 20 approximately ½ the thickness of the precast foundation (see FIG. 4)

(40) 3) Set the foundation(s) on the piers, lining up the center of the block outs with the piers (see FIGS. 5 & 13).

(41) 4) Install/pull post tension tendons (if required).

(42) 5) Set reinforcing bars 27, then fill block out with keys in the field with slurried (wet) concrete.

(43) 6) Allow the slurried (wet) concrete to set (harden).

(44) 7) Install the tower 30.

(45) The system of the present invention can be used for single poles 30, multi leg towers 37 (FIG. 17), or a guyed tower 80 (including bases/piers 23, cables 36, tower section 30 and anchors 19—see FIG. 18). A multi leg tower 37 can be placed on one (1) mat consisting of several precast foundations, or three (3) separate individual foundations 23 as seen in FIG. 17.

(46) The piers or piling 19 are preferably vertical, as seen in the figures. Alternatively, the piers 19 could be installed at a batter (inclination) to take up the shear forces in the tower.

(47) Besides towers, this deep foundation system of the present invention can be used for heavy equipment or other structures like buildings, generators, containers, etc., especially in remote areas where concrete trucks may have difficulty accessing the site.

(48) FIGS. 19-22 show a third embodiment 40 that uses a specially configured piling and pier or pedestal foundation. FIG. 20 shows a base or pier 38 that is preferably similar to pier/base 23 but having sockets 39 and openings 41. Base or pier 38 has upper surface 42, lower surface 43 and side portions 44. In FIGS. 19-21, the base/pier 38 can have a suitable shape with eight (8) side portions 44. Each opening 41 preferably extends from lower surface 43 upwardly to a socket 39. Piling 45 can have lower auger portions 47 similar to the lower end portions of piling 19. Upper end 46 of piling 45 preferably has a plate 48 that is preferably spaced a distance from end 49 (see FIG. 22). Upper end portion 46 can have an internally threaded bore 50 that is preferably receptive of threaded bolt 51. Plate 52 preferably occupies socket 39. Bolt 51 preferably extends through opening 53 of plate 52 to connect with threaded bore 50. Plate 48 transfers compressive load from base 38 to piling 45 while plate 52 and bolt 51 are preferably used to transfer uplift load from pier or base 38 to piling 45. In an alternative embodiment, upper end portion 46 can have an externally threaded bore 50 that is preferably receptive of a nut 51 with internal threads and can be placed over upper end portion 46.

(49) FIGS. 23-26 show a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, designated generally by the numeral 54. Foundation system 54 includes a frame 55 which are preferably attached cylindrical or tubular members or cans 56. In one embodiment, frame 55 is preferably of welded steel construction and cylindrical or tubular members or cans 56 are preferably welded to frame 55.

(50) Frame 55 preferably has side beams 57, 58 and end beams 59, 60. Transverse beams 61, 62 each preferably span from one side beam 57 to another side beam 58 as seen in FIG. 23. Longitudinally extending inner beams 63, 64 each preferably extend from one transverse beam 61 to another transverse beam 62 as seen in FIG. 23. End beams 59, 60 are preferably welded or otherwise connected (e.g., bolts, fasteners) to side beams 57, 58. Transverse beams 61, 62 are each preferably welded or otherwise connected to side beams 57, 58.

(51) In FIG. 23 there are six (6) cans 56. A can 56 is preferably located at each corner of frame 55 as seen in FIG. 23. Two (2) cans 56 are preferably located in between beams 63, 64 and on opposing sides of rings 65, 66. The rings 65, 66 can include upper ring 65 and lower ring 66. A plurality of anchor bolts, rods or externally threaded members 67 are preferably attached (e.g., welded) to rings 65, 66 as seen in FIG. 23. One (upper) ring 65 is preferably positioned above frame 55 and can be welded to the upper surfaces of beams 63, 64. The other (lower) ring 66 can be attached (e.g., welded) to the lower surfaces of beams 63, 64.

(52) Frame 55, cans 56 and rings 65, 66 can be imbedded in concrete mass/slab 70. Thus each can 56 is preferably below slab upper surface 71 and above slab lower surface 72 as seen in FIG. 24. Each can 56 preferably has an open ended bore 68. Slab 70 preferably has a vertically extending opening 77 that preferably extends above and below each can 56 as seen in FIG. 24. Each opening 77 preferably extends from slab upper surface 71 to lower surface 72 as seen in FIG. 24.

(53) Frame 55 can be spaced inwardly of slab end surfaces 73,74. Frame 55 can be spaced inwardly of slab side surfaces 75, 76. A pedestal 69 can be added to (or cast in place as a part of) slab 70 as seen in FIG. 25. FIG. 25 also illustrates that slab 70 can be shapes other than the rectangular shape of FIG. 23, providing an octagonal shape. Anchor bolts, rods or externally threaded members 67 can extend a selected distance above pedestal 69 as seen in FIG. 25. A tower can then be mounted on pedestal 69, bolting the tower to the pedestal 69 rising anchor blots or threaded members 67.

(54) In FIGS. 24, 25 piling 19 can be mounted within open ended bore 68 of a can 56 and extending into slab 70 via vertically extending slab opening 77 as seen in FIG. 24. The upper end portion 78 of each piling 19 can be provided with a plate (e.g., 33 as with earlier embodiments—see FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7, 14) or multiple plates forming an anchor 79. The vertically extending openings 77 and can 56 open ended bores 68 can be filled with a high strength grout that preferably encapsulates plate 33 or anchor 79 and upper end portion 78 of each piling 19.

(55) The following is a list of parts and materials suitable for use in the present invention:

PARTS LIST

(56) PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION 10 foundation system 11 building/superstructure/housing 12 block 13 upper surface 14 lower surface 15 side portion 16 mat/array of blocks 17 edge/peripheral portion 18 opening/sonotube 19 piling 20 soil mass/grade 21 cable member/rod/tension rod 22 chase/channel 23 base/pier 24 row of blocks 25 column of blocks 26 shear key 27 reinforcing bar 28 projection/tongue and groove male key 29 recess/groove/tongue and groove female key 30 tower/tower section 31 shear key socket/void space 32 shear key socket/void space 33 upper plate 34 pedestal 35 anchor bolt 36 cable 37 multi-leg tower 38 base/pier 39 socket 40 foundation 41 opening 42 upper surface 43 lower surface 44 side portions 45 piling 46 upper end portion 47 auger portion 48 plate 49 end 50 threaded bore (internal threads) 51 bolt 52 plate 53 plate opening 54 foundation system 55 frame 56 cylindrical member, tubular member, can 57 side beam 58 side beam 59 end beam 60 end beam 61 transverse beam 62 transverse beam 63 longitudinally extending inner beam 64 longitudinally extending inner beam 65 upper ring 66 lower ring 67 anchor bolt, rod externally threaded member 68 open ended bore 69 pedestal 70 concrete mass/concrete slab 71 upper surface 72 lower surface 73 end surface 74 end surface 75 side surface 76 side surface 77 vertically extending slab opening 78 upper end portion 79 anchor 80 guyed tower

(57) All measurements disclosed herein are at standard temperature and pressure, at sea level on Earth, unless indicated otherwise. All materials used or intended to be used in a human being are biocompatible, unless indicated otherwise.

(58) The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims.