DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONAL PHASE FRACTION OF MULTIPHASE FLOW BASED ON RAY COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENT

Abstract

A device for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow includes a scintillation crystal and a detector. The scintillation crystal is coupled to the detector; and the scintillation crystal includes lutetium-176.

Claims

1. A device, comprising a scintillation crystal and a detector; wherein the scintillation crystal is coupled to the detector; and the scintillation crystal comprises lutetium-176.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the scintillation crystal and the detector are fixedly coupled to each other by a couplant.

3. A method, comprising: 1) disposing a plurality of devices of claim 1 in a circumferential direction of a fluid pipe under test, aligning the scintillation crystal of each device with the fluid pipe, and disposing the scintillation crystal between the fluid pipe and the detector; 2) decaying the scintillation crystal to emit intrinsic rays; 3) allowing the intrinsic rays to pass through the fluid pipe under test, and detecting, by the detector, a starting point and an end point of the intrinsic rays, and converting optical signals of the intrinsic rays, by the detector, into electrical signals; 4) acquiring corresponding lines of responses according to the intrinsic rays produced by each decay and transmission paths thereof; and 5) finding out all effective lines of responses and calculating a mass fraction of a multiphase fluid based on an energy and path of the lines of responses.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein in 4), the intrinsic rays produced by each decay comprise β-rays and γ-rays, and effective γ-rays are determined by a coincidence detection technology and an energy detection technology.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the coincidence detection technology comprises acquiring the γ-rays that are detected within a period of time and coincide with an energy level standard.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the energy detection technology comprises analyzing and studying shape and noise characteristics of γ-ray and β-ray scintillation pulses, designing a corresponding data acquisition method, eliminating interference and accurately acquiring γ-ray energy information.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating a mass fraction of a multiphase fluid comprises: S1: conducting statistics on position information of γ-rays detected by the detector when the fluid pipe under test is in an empty state; S2. conducting statistics on position information and energy information detected by the detector when a single-phase fluid flows through the fluid pipe under test, and calculating a mass absorption coefficient of the single-phase fluid for γ-rays; S3. conducting statistics on position information and energy information detected by the detector when a multiphase fluid flows through the fluid pipe under test, and calculating a mass absorption coefficient of the multiphase fluid for γ-rays; and S4. calculating, based on the mass absorption coefficient of the multiphase fluid and the mass absorption coefficient of the single-phase fluid, the mass fraction of each single-phase fluid in the multiphase fluid.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein S1 is carried out as follows: S1.1. making a distinctive mark for each scintillation crystal, measuring a linear distance between every two scintillation crystals, and recording as X.sub.mn, m and n being marks of the two scintillation crystals, respectively; and S1.2. in the empty state, recording a number of times of γ-rays received by each scintillation crystal from each of other scintillation crystals as N.sub.mn, m being each of other scintillation crystals emitting γ-rays, and n being the scintillation crystal receiving γ-rays.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein S2 is carried out as follows: S2.1. when the single-phase fluid flows through the fluid pipe, recording a number of times of γ-rays received by each scintillation crystal from each of other scintillation crystals as N′.sub.mn, m being each of other scintillation crystals emitting γ-rays, and n being the scintillation crystal receiving γ-rays; and S2.2. calculating a value of μ according to the formula: N′.sub.mn=N.sub.mne.sup.−μXmn, where μ represents the mass absorption coefficient of the single-phase fluid to γ-rays.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein S3 is carried out as follows: S3.1. when the multiphase fluid flows through the fluid pipe, recording a number of times of γ-rays received by each scintillation crystal from each of other scintillation crystals as N″.sub.mn, m being each of other scintillation crystals emitting γ-rays, and n being the scintillation crystal receiving γ-rays; and S3.2. calculating a value of according to the formula: N″.sub.mn=N.sub.mne.sup.−μ′Xmn, where μ′ represents the mass absorption coefficient of the multiphase fluid to γ-rays.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein in S4, calculating the mass fraction of each single-phase fluid in the multiphase fluid is based on the following formula: μ′=ημ.sub.1+(1−η)μ.sub.2; where, μ.sub.1 and μ.sub.2 are mass absorption coefficients of each single-phase fluid in the multiphase fluid to γ-rays, η is calculated from the formula and performed by weighted average, to obtain the mass fraction of the multiphase fluid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow based on ray coincidence measurement in Example 1;

[0044] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of Example 1;

[0045] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of Example 3 where a plurality of devices for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow is used;

[0046] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a decay process of Lu-176 in Example 3; and

[0047] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing three energy levels of γ-rays produced by the decay of β-rays in Example 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] To further illustrate, embodiments detailing a device and a method for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow based on ray coincidence measurement are described below. It should be noted that the following embodiments are intended to describe and not to limit the disclosure.

Example 1

[0049] As shown in FIG. 1, a device for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow based on ray coincidence measurement, comprising a scintillation crystal 1 and a detector 2. The scintillation crystal 1 is coupled to the detector 2; the scintillation crystal 1 is a scintillation crystal 1 comprising lutetium-176.

[0050] Scintillation crystals 1, as a material often used in ray detection technology, are capable of converting high-energy γ-rays into low-energy visible light fluorescence, which are then detected by photoelectric converters to convert into electrical signals. At present, commonly used scintillation crystals 1 include sodium iodide (NaI), lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), etc. When in use, a plurality of measuring devices, that is, the devices for measuring the total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow of the disclosure, is disposed on the circumferential direction of the fluid pipe. Following the above principle, based on the high-precision time measurement technique and the coincidence detection technique, the flight path of γ-rays, namely, the line of response, is obtained. Through a large number of lines of response, the corresponding imaging technologies such as the filter back projection technology, Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization, etc., can be used to achieve the total cross-sectional measurement of the multiphase fluid to be detected.

[0051] The scintillation crystal 1 comprises Lu-176 radioactive isotope, which emits β-rays during the decay process, and the β-rays rapidly decay to produce γ-rays, such as sheet-like LSO scintillation crystal 1, plastic lutetium-yttrium orthosilicate scintillation crystal (LYSO), etc. Because of weak penetration ability, β-rays can be detected in the locality where they are generated, while γ-rays have relatively strong penetration ability, which can penetrate the fluid to be tested and then be detected. Therefore, according to this principle, the β-ray detection position can be used as the starting point of the γ-ray. After the corresponding γ-ray passes through the fluid pipe under test, it is detected by the detector 2 located at the corresponding position of the pipe, which is used as the destination point, thereby obtaining the flight path of the γ-ray. By using the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal to perform total cross-section measurement, the radioactive sources in the ray measuring device can be eliminated, to reduce the system cost and greatly improve the system safety and reliability. In addition, because the half-life of Lu-176 is 2.1×10.sup.10 years, the equipment performance will not degrade caused by the aging of the radiation device, which greatly improves the system stability and service life.

[0052] In this embodiment, the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2 are mounted in a bracket 3. The bracket 3 facilitates the mounting and use of the measuring device, and further facilitates the storage of the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2. In actual use, the measuring device is mounted in alignment with the fluid pipe, to facilitate the positioning of the measuring device by the bracket 3.

[0053] When in use, a plurality of measuring devices is configured to detect the fluid pipe. Therefore, the material of the bracket 3 where the scintillation crystal 1 is mounted is metal material, to prevent the γ-rays emitted by the scintillation crystal 1 from being detected by other surrounding measuring device before passing through the fluid pipe, reducing the chance of mutual interference.

[0054] The commonly used insulating metal material is lead. In this embodiment, a tungsten-base alloy is used. The tungsten-base alloy is a high-density metal with good mechanical processing characteristics, and has a better protection effect than lead. In addition, the tungsten-base alloy has better blocking effect on γ-rays and prevents the detector 2 from interfering with each other.

[0055] In this example, a reflective film 4 is provided on the surface of the scintillation crystal 1.

[0056] The scintillation crystal 1 has a certain volume, and the detector 2 is coupled to one end of the scintillation crystal 1, so most of the light generated by the scintillation crystal 1 needs to be reflected multiple times to be absorbed by the detector 2. A reflective film 4 is coated on the surface of the scintillation crystal 1, which increases the reflection probability and improves the light collection efficiency of the detector 2. The reflective film 4 can be an aluminum foil, which is coordinated with the scintillation crystal 1 to achieve high reflection efficiency.

[0057] The scintillation crystal 1 is generally a high-density crystal, and the surface of the detector 2 is provided with a layer of epoxy resin. When the light is emitted from the scintillation crystal 1 to the detector 2, it is emitted from an optically denser medium to an optically thinner medium. If air exists between them, total reflection easily occurs, causing light loss. Optical couplants, especially optical couplers, are transparent media with large refractive index. When couplants are positioned between the scintillation crystal and the detector, the air can be effectively eliminated and the light loss caused by total reflection can be significantly reduced.

[0058] Therefore, in this example, the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2 are fixed by a couplant. The couplant may be a silica gel to bond the scintillation crystal 1 to the detector 2, effectively reducing the loss of light from the scintillation crystal 1 to the detector 2 and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0059] In this example, the detector 2 comprises a photomultiplier tube 21 and a modular circuit 22.

[0060] The photomultiplier tube 21 (PMT) is a traditional photoelectric conversion device with extremely high sensitivity and ultra-fast time response, which can quickly and effectively convert the optical signals of the rays into electrical signals.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 2, the modular circuit 22 comprises a power circuit and a signal circuit. The power circuit provides power for the photomultiplier tube 21 and the signal circuit. Generally, only a direct current within a reasonable range is sufficient, and an AC-DC power adapter can be used for power supply, or batteries can be used directly for power supply. The signal circuit mainly processes the pulse signals output by the photomultiplier tube 21. Since the amplitude of signals output from the photomultiplier tube 21 is very small, generally the signals need to be processed by such as amplification, noise reduction, etc.

[0062] Since the power circuit and the signal circuit are some conventional design circuits, those skilled in the art can adopt them according to the actual needs, and the specific circuit diagrams are not disclosed in this embodiment.

[0063] The working principle of this example is as follows. A plastic scintillation crystal LYSO is used, and a measuring device is mounted on the outer surface of the fluid pipe, and the scintillation crystal 1 is aligned with the fluid pipe for detection. The scintillation crystal 1 decays to generate β-rays, which are detected by the detector 22 adjacent to the scintillation crystal 11; at the same time, the γ-rays generated by the decay of β-rays pass through the fluid pipe and are detected by the measuring device on the other side of the pipe.

[0064] The scintillation crystal 1 converts rays into fluorescence, the photomultiplier tube 21 converts light signals into electrical signals, and the modular circuit 22 implements processing of the electrical signals such as amplification and noise reduction, etc. before outputting. An oscilloscope is provided to observe or convert the signals, and finally the collected waveforms are stored and analyzed and the mass fraction of the fluid is calculated by a host computer.

[0065] In this example, by using the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal 1 to perform total cross-section measurement, the radioactive sources in the ray measurement apparatus can be eliminated, to reduce the system cost and greatly improve the system safety and reliability. In addition, because the half-life of Lu-176 is 2.1×10.sup.10 years, the equipment performance will not degrade caused by the aging of the radiation device, which greatly improves the system stability and service life.

Example 2

[0066] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the photomultiplier tube 21 is replaced with a semiconductor silicon detector 2.

[0067] The semiconductor silicon detector 2 (SiPMT) is a novel detector 2. After the photons are absorbed, a current is generated in the SiPMT and multiplied, which can output a larger current signal and can be received by the modular circuit 22. In this embodiment, the detection efficiency of γ-rays is higher and the volume is smaller.

Example 3

[0068] A method for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow based on ray coincidence measurement, which adopts the measuring device in Example 1 or 2, is detailed as follows.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of evenly distributed measuring devices is disposed in the circumferential direction of the fluid pipe under test 3. The measuring device comprises a scintillation crystal 1 and a detector 2. The scintillation crystal 1 is aligned with the fluid pipe under test 3, and the scintillation crystal 1 is positioned between the fluid pipe under test 3 and the detector 2.

[0070] The scintillation crystal 1 used is a scintillation crystal comprising lutetium, such as a sheet-like LSO scintillation crystal, a plastic scintillation crystal LYSO, etc.

[0071] The scintillation crystal 1, as a material often used in ray detection technology, is capable of converting high-energy γ-rays into low-energy visible light fluorescence, which are then detected by the detector 2 to convert into electrical signals. The scintillation crystal 1 comprises Lu-176 radioactive isotope, which emits β-rays during the decay process, and the β-rays rapidly decay to produce γ-rays. Because of weak penetration ability, β-rays can be detected in the locality where they are generated, while γ-rays have relatively strong penetration ability, which can penetrate the fluid to be tested and then be detected. Therefore, according to this principle, the β-ray detection position can be used as the starting point of the γ-ray. After the corresponding γ-ray passes through the fluid pipe under test 3, it is detected by the detector 2 located at the corresponding position of the pipe, which is used as the destination point, thereby obtaining the path of the γ-ray.

[0072] The detector 2 is configured to convert the detected β-rays and γ-rays into electrical signals, and obtain a large number of scintillation pulses containing time, energy, and position information through an oscilloscope, and store them in the host computer to establish a scintillation pulse database.

[0073] The sheet-like LSO scintillation crystal 1 decays to generate β-rays, which are detected by the detector 2 adjacent to the scintillation crystal 1; at the same time, the γ-rays generated by the decay of β-rays pass through the fluid pipe and are detected by the detector 2 on the other side of the pipe. The two detectors 2 can detect the position information which γ-rays access to, and record this information in the database.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 4, since the energy spectrum of Lu-176 is known, β-rays will be produced during the decay process, and the decay of the β-rays will produce three energy levels of γ-rays, that is, 307 keV, 202 keV, and 88 keV respectively. If one or more of the three types of-rays are detected within a period of time after decay of β-rays, the detected γ-rays are valid, and if none of the three types of γ-rays is detected, this decay process will not be recorded by the detector 2.

[0075] A period of time refers to the time when β-rays decay to produce γ-rays and the γ-rays are detected by the detector 2 after γ-rays are emitted, which is usually less than 10 picoseconds. If beyond the period of time, the rays detected may not be the γ-rays produced by this β-ray decay, so no record is made. The coincidence with the energy level standard means that the energy level of the detected γ-rays is one of 307 keV, 202 keV and 88 keV, and if it is not, it is interference signal and inaccurate, and not recorded by the detector 2.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 5, under ideal circumstances, the β-ray decay at a time can produce three levels of γ-rays, which are detected by the corresponding detector 2 after passing through the pipe, and the corresponding time, energy, and position data are recorded.

[0077] Within a test time range (for example, 10 minutes), all information of β-rays and γ-rays emitted by the scintillation crystal 1 is recorded in the database, then a time window is designed to sort and screen all data to find the information of β-rays and γ-rays generated by the same decay, and then the corresponding lines of response are obtained according to the position information, and statistics are conducted by the three energy levels of γ-rays. The lines of response corresponding to all events are found out and the mass fraction of the multiphase fluid is calculated according to the energy and path of the lines of response.

[0078] By using the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal 1 to perform total cross-section measurement, the radioactive sources in the ray measuring device in the prior art can be eliminated, to reduce the system cost and greatly improve the system safety and reliability. In addition, because the half-life of Lu-176 is 2.1×10.sup.10 years, the equipment performance will not degrade caused by the aging of the radiation device, which greatly improves the system stability and service life.

Example 4

[0079] According to the method for measuring a total cross-sectional phase fraction of a multiphase flow based on ray coincidence measurement in Example 3, the calculation method of the mass fraction is disclosed in this example, which is detailed as follows:

[0080] (1) Recording all effective information of β-rays and γ-rays emitted from the scintillation crystal 1 within a test time range (for example, 10 minutes). Conducting statistics on the number of times each scintillation crystal 1 receives γ-rays emitted by other scintillation crystals 1, as shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Statistics of position information of γ-rays with an energy level of 307 keV Number of times each scintillation crystal receives γ-rays (Emitted) (Emitted) (Emitted) (Emitted) (Emitted) from No. 1 from No. 2 from No. 3 from No. 4 from No. 5 crystal crystal crystal crystal crystal (Received) by N.sub.21 N.sub.31 N.sub.41 N.sub.51 No.1 crystal (Received) by N.sub.12 N.sub.32 N.sub.42 N.sub.52 No. 2 crystal (Received) by N.sub.13 N.sub.23 N.sub.43 N.sub.53 No. 3 crystal (Received) by N.sub.14 N.sub.24 N.sub.34 N.sub.54 No. 4 crystal (Received) by N.sub.15 N.sub.25 N.sub.35 N.sub.45 No. 5 crystal (Received) by N.sub.16 N.sub.26 N.sub.36 N.sub.46 N.sub.56 No. 6 crystal (Received) by N.sub.17 N.sub.27 N.sub.37 N.sub.47 N.sub.57 No. 7 crystal (Received) by N.sub.18 N.sub.28 N.sub.38 N.sub.48 N.sub.58 No. 8 crystal (Received) by N.sub.19 N.sub.29 N.sub.39 N.sub.49 N.sub.59 No. 9 crystal (Received) by N.sub.1-10 N.sub.2-10 N.sub.3-10 N.sub.4-10 N.sub.5-10 No. 10 crystal Number of times each scintillation crystal receives γ-rays (Emitted) (Emitted) (Emitted) (Emitted) (Emitted) from No. 6 from No.7 from No. 8 from No. 9 from No. 10 crystal crystal crystal crystal crystal (Received) by N.sub.61 N.sub.71 N.sub.81 N.sub.91 N.sub.10-1 No. 1 crystal (Received) by N.sub.62 N.sub.72 N.sub.82 N.sub.92 N.sub.10-2 No. 2 crystal (Received) by N.sub.63 N.sub.73 N.sub.83 N.sub.93 N.sub.10-3 No. 3 crystal (Received) by N.sub.64 N.sub.74 N.sub.84 N.sub.94 N.sub.10-4 No. 4 crystal (Received) by N.sub.65 N.sub.75 N.sub.85 N.sub.95 N.sub.10-5 No. 5 crystal (Received) by N.sub.76 N.sub.86 N.sub.96 N.sub.10-6 No. 6 crystal (Received) by N.sub.67 N.sub.87 N.sub.97 N.sub.10-7 No. 7 crystal (Received) by N.sub.68 N.sub.78 N.sub.98 N.sub.10-8 No. 8 crystal (Received) by N.sub.69 N.sub.79 N.sub.89 N.sub.10-9 No. 9 crystal (Received) by N.sub.6-10 N.sub.7-10 N.sub.8-10 N.sub.9-10 No. 10 crystal

[0081] In Table 1, crystals 1 to 10 are marks for scintillation crystal 1 around the pipe 5 (assuming that there are 10 measuring devices distributed around the pipe 5). In Table 1, N.sub.mn is used to record the number of times each scintillation crystal 1 receives γ-rays emitted by other scintillation crystals 1. For example, N.sub.47 represents the number of times that γ-rays are emitted from No. 4 scintillation crystal 1 and received by No. 7 scintillation crystal 1. Optionally, Table 1 only shows the statistics of γ-rays with an energy level of 307 keV, and the γ-rays with energy levels of 202 keV and 88 keV are shown in similar tables, which are not described here.

[0082] (2) Analyzing the compositions of the fluid to be tested. If the fluid to be tested is an oil-water two-phase fluid, the water and oil flow through the pipe for testing.

[0083] (1) is repeated to perform statistics on the position information of the γ-rays after passing through the fluid pipe 3, to obtain the tables similar to Table 1. These tables are not listed here. The counted times are represented by N.sub.wmn. For example, N.sub.w47 represents the number times that γ-rays are emitted from No. 4 scintillation crystal 1 and received by No. 7 scintillation crystal 1 after passing through a pipe with water flow.

[0084] The following formula can be obtained: N.sub.wmn=N.sub.mne.sup.−μwXmn,

[0085] μ.sub.w represents the mass absorption coefficient of water to γ-rays, X.sub.mn represents the distance between two scintillation crystals 1, for example, N.sub.w47=N.sub.47e.sup.−μwX47, X.sub.47 represents the distance between scintillation crystal No. 4 and scintillation crystal No. 7.

[0086] Since N.sub.wmn, N.sub.mn and X.sub.mn are all known data, the value of μ.sub.w can be calculated.

[0087] Similarly, the mass absorption coefficient of oil to γ-rays, namely, the value of μ.sub.o, can also be calculated.

[0088] (3) When the two-phase mixed liquid of water and oil flows through the pipe, the phase fraction is calculated as follows:

N.sub.lmn=N.sub.mne.sup.−(ημw+(1−η)μo)Xmn

[0089] η is the percentage of water in the two-phase fluid, and (1−η) is the percentage of oil in the two-phase fluid.

[0090] Since N.sub.lmn, N.sub.mn, μ.sub.w, μ.sub.o and X.sub.mn are all known data, the value of η can be calculated.

[0091] Here, the value of η is measured on the current scintillation crystal 1. To calculate the overall phase fraction, all measured values of the scintillation crystals 1 should be weighted and averaged according to the following formula:

η.sub.1=Σ(X.sub.i/D*η.sub.i)/Σ(X.sub.i/D)

[0092] η.sub.1 is the phase fraction of the two-phase fluid, D is the distance between the two scintillation crystals 1 furthest apart (if the pipe is cylindrical, then D is the diameter), η.sub.i is the percentage of water of each scintillation crystal 1 measured in the two-phase fluid, X is the distance between the scintillation crystal 1 that emits γ-rays and the scintillation crystal 1 that receives γ-rays.

[0093] Statistics is conducted according to 10 scintillation crystals 1. Each scintillation crystal 1 can receive the γ-rays emitted by the other 9 scintillation crystals 1, and then the weighted average is calculated, to obtain the final mass fraction.

[0094] It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications.