Overflow cover interconnection system

Abstract

An overflow cover interconnection system utilizes an overflow elbow with an upper portion for insertion through an overflow drain hole in a bathtub wall; a nut, ring, or other component that fits on or around the upper portion to secure the overflow elbow in position; and an overflow cap that shields the upper portion and nut, ring, or other component from view of a user of the bathtub. The system is configured for use with bathtubs having varying wall thicknesses, without necessitating any modifications.

Claims

1. An overflow cover system comprising: an overflow elbow comprising a flange and an upper portion extending from the flange, wherein the upper portion has an inlet wall that at least partially defines an internal passageway extending through the overflow elbow; an overflow cap configured to couple to the upper portion and at least partially cover the inlet wall; and a ring comprising a plurality of gripping teeth at least partially extending radially inward, wherein the ring is configured to be slid over the upper portion from the inlet wall towards the flange to secure the overflow elbow on a bathtub wall, wherein the plurality of gripping teeth are configured to secure the ring to the upper portion of the overflow elbow, and wherein the ring further comprises a plurality of outer teeth pointed at least partially radially outwardly and configured to hold the overflow cap on the overflow elbow, and a plurality of standoff teeth axially extending beyond the plurality of outer teeth.

2. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of outer teeth alternate with the plurality of standoff teeth.

3. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein, when the ring is secured to the upper portion, the plurality of standoff teeth are bent at a lower angle relative to the upper portion than the plurality of outer teeth.

4. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of outer teeth are angled radially outward more than the plurality of standoff teeth.

5. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of outer teeth are resiliently deflectable radially inwardly.

6. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein the overflow cap comprises a substantially cylindrical sidewall having a lip, and wherein the plurality of outer teeth are configured to engage with the lip to secure the overflow cap on the upper portion of the overflow elbow.

7. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein the ring is metal.

8. The overflow cover system of claim 1, wherein the upper portion has an outer surface that is non-threaded.

9. An overflow cover system comprising: an overflow elbow comprising a flange and a substantially cylindrical portion extending from the flange, wherein the substantially cylindrical portion comprises an inlet and an outer surface extending from the inlet to at least the flange; an overflow cap comprising a substantially cylindrical sidewall having one or more openings, wherein the overflow cap is configured to couple to the substantially cylindrical portion and cover at least a portion of the inlet; and a connection member comprising: a ring configured to slide over the outer surface of the substantially cylindrical portion; at least one first tooth coupled to the ring and extending at least partially radially inward, wherein the at least one tooth is configured to secure the ring to the outer surface of the substantially cylindrical portion; at least one second tooth coupled to the ring and extending at least partially radially outward, wherein the at least one second tooth is configured to engage the substantially cylindrical sidewall; and at least one third tooth coupled to the ring and axially extending past the at least one second tooth.

10. The overflow cover system of claim 9, wherein the at least one second tooth is biased towards the at least partially radially outward position.

11. The overflow cover system of claim 9, wherein the overflow cap is rotatable relative to the connection member after engagement with the at least one second tooth.

12. An overflow cover system comprising: an overflow elbow comprising a flange and a substantially cylindrical portion extending from the flange, wherein the substantially cylindrical portion comprises an inlet and an outer surface extending from the inlet to at least the flange, wherein the outer surface is non-threaded; an overflow cap comprising a substantially cylindrical sidewall having a lip and one or more openings, wherein the overflow cap is configured to couple to the substantially cylindrical portion and cover at least a portion of the inlet; and a connection ring that is configured to slide over the substantially cylindrical portion, wherein the connection ring is configured to be secured to the outer surface, and wherein the connection ring comprises a plurality of outer teeth configured to engage with the substantially cylindrical sidewall of the overflow cap and at least one standoff tooth, the plurality of outer teeth and the at least one standoff tooth both extending in a similar direction on the connection ring.

13. The overflow cover system of claim 12, wherein the connection ring comprises a plurality of gripping teeth that are configured to dig into the outer surface when the connection ring moves back toward the inlet to resist removal of the connection ring from the substantially cylindrical portion.

14. The overflow cover system of claim 12, wherein when the overflow cap is pushed over the connection ring, the lip presses against a forward-facing surface of each of the plurality of outer teeth to cause the plurality of outer teeth to deflect radially inwardly to then spring back and a rearward-facing end surface of each of the plurality of outer teeth to block the overflow cap from moving back towards the inlet.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the general description of the invention given above and the detailed description of the drawings given below, serve to explain the principles of these inventions.

(2) FIG. 1A is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 1A;

(4) FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to a slight variation of the embodiment of FIG. 1A;

(5) FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(6) FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(7) FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 3A;

(8) FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(9) FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(11) FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(12) FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(13) FIG. 9A is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(14) FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9A;

(15) FIG. 10A is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(16) FIG. 10B is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 10A;

(17) FIG. 11A is a partially exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(18) FIG. 11B is a side elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 11A;

(19) FIG. 11C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 11A;

(20) FIG. 12A is a partially exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(21) FIG. 12B is another partially exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 12A;

(22) FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 12A;

(23) FIG. 13A is a partially exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(24) FIG. 13B is another partially exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 13A;

(25) FIG. 13C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 13A;

(26) FIG. 14A is a partially exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(27) FIG. 14B is another partially exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 14A;

(28) FIG. 14C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 14A;

(29) FIG. 15A is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(30) FIG. 15B is a partially exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 15A;

(31) FIG. 15C is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 15A;

(32) FIG. 15D is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 15A;

(33) FIG. 16A is an exploded perspective view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(34) FIG. 16B is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 15A;

(35) FIG. 16C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 15A;

(36) FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional elevation view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention;

(37) FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional elevation view of an alternative overflow cap for use in the embodiment of FIG. 17A;

(38) FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional elevation view of an overflow cover interconnection system according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

(39) FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional elevation view of an insert for use in the embodiment of FIG. 18A.

(40) To assist in the understanding of one embodiment of the present invention the following list of components and associated numbering found in the drawings is provided herein:

(41) TABLE-US-00001 # Component 104 Overflow elbow 108 Threaded upper portion 112 Overflow cap 114 Overflow cap inner diameter lip 116 Washer 120 Tub wall 124 Elbow flange 128 Overflow aperture 132 Inner passageway 136 Front wall 138 Lower portion 140 Recessed wall 150 Snap ring 152 Snap ring incline 154 Nut 156 Snap ring decline 158 Nut threads 162 Nut extension 166 Nut flat 170 Nut peak 184 Snap ring 188 Nut 250 Snap ring 254 Nut 258 Snap ring cutouts 262 Nut cutouts 266 Snap ring outer sidewall 270 Nut outer sidewall 350 Snap ring 354 Nut 366 Snap ring outer sidewall 370 Nut outer sidewall 412 Overflow cap 416 Overflow cap threads 420 Overflow cap annular rear wall 512 Overflow cap 516 Overflow cap threads 554 Nut 558 Nut inner threads 562 Nut outer threads 612 Overflow cap 616 Overflow cap threads 620 Recessed wall 624 Overflow cap internal circumference 628 Overflow cap rear face 654 Nut 712 Overflow cap 720 Locking pin 754 Nut 758 L-shaped tab 854 Nut 858 L-shaped tab 862 Locking edge 904 Elbow 906 Stepped tab 908 Upper portion 910 Channel 912 Overflow cap 920 Extended locking pin 1004 Overflow elbow 1006 Branched tree tab 1008 Channel 1104 Overflow elbow 1108 Elbow ribs 1112 Overflow cap 1120 Inner deflectable tab 1124 Overflow cap front inside face 1212 Overflow cap 1220 Outer deflectable tab 1304 Overflow elbow 1308 O-Ring 1312 Overflow Cap 1320 Finger 1324 Groove 1404 Overflow elbow 1408 Elbow interior threads 1412 Overflow Cap 1420 Fingers 1424 Threads 1504 Overflow elbow 1508 Upper portion 1512 Overflow cap 1516 Lip 1554 Metal ring 1558 Standoff teeth 1562 Outer teeth 1566 Gripping teeth 1654 Metal ring 1712 Overflow cap 1716 Cylindrical wall with fluid openings 1750 Overflow cap 1754 Fingers 1804 Overflow elbow 1854 O-ring 1808 Inner threads 1850 Insert 1860 Insert outer threads 1864 Insert flange 1868 Insert skin 1872 Insert inner passageway

(42) It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the invention or that render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(43) FIGS. 1A and 1B show an overflow cover interconnection system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The overflow cover interconnection system utilizes an overflow elbow 104, a snap ring 150, a nut 154, and an overflow cap 112. The overflow elbow 104 has a substantially cylindrical threaded upper portion 108 adapted to extend through an overflow hole in a bathtub wall 120. Water or other liquid in the bathtub can flow through the inlet defined by the front wall 136 of the elbow 104, through the inner passageway 132 of the elbow 104, thus passing the recessed wall 140 of the elbow 104, and into the other portions of the bathtub drainage system (not shown) to which the lower portion 138 of the elbow 104 is connected.

(44) In some embodiments, an annular washer 116 may be provided to create a seal between the overflow elbow 104 and the outer side of a bathtub wall 120 in which the overflow elbow 104 is installed. Although the washer 116 is illustrated as being annular, the washer 116 may have any outside shape, provided that the washer 116 comprises a substantially circular cutout to receive the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104. The thickness of the washer 116 may be selected, for example, based on the thickness of the bathtub wall 120, to ensure that the upper threaded portion 108 of the elbow 104 extends into the bathtub by a suitable amount. A flange 124 of the overflow elbow 104 presses the washer 116 against the bathtub wall 120. The threaded upper portion 108 of the overflow elbow 104 extends from the flange 124, which separates the threaded upper portion 108 from the rest of the overflow elbow 104. The washer 116 may thus help to prevent water or other liquid from leaking into the often-inaccessible area surrounding the bathtub.

(45) The snap ring 150 of the system 100 is adapted to be held against a bathtub wall 120 (see FIG. 1B) by the nut 154, which also secures the overflow elbow 104 to the bathtub wall 120. The nut 154 may be provided with internal threads 158, and may include a first portion comprising a hexagonal (or other multi-sided) outer edge defining alternating flats 166 and peaks 170, and a second portion comprising a cylindrical nut extension 162. The hexagonal (or other multi-sided) outer edge of the first portion facilitates gripping and turning of the nut 154, whether by hand or with a tool such as a wrench or tongue-and-groove pliers, while the cylindrical nut extension 162 of the second portion is adapted to be received within the snap ring 150.

(46) The snap ring 150, which is annular, may have an internal diameter slightly larger than an outer diameter of the nut extension 162, and, as noted above, may be adapted to fit over the nut extension 162 while being pressed against the bathtub wall 120 by the wider first portion of the nut 154 that defines the flats 166 and the peaks 170. The snap ring 150 may also have a shaped outer sidewall or edge with a convex profile. More specifically, the outer sidewall of the snap ring 150 may comprise a short, forward-facing incline 152 and a longer, backward facing decline 156 so that, when the open backside of the overflow cap 112 is pressed against the snap ring 150, the forward-facing incline 152 pushes the inner diameter lip 114 on the inner circumference of the sidewall of the overflow cap 112, adjacent the open back of the overflow cap 112, slightly outward. Eventually the lip 114 reaches the top of the incline 152 (e.g. the peak of the outer sidewall of the snap ring 150, where the snap ring 150 has a maximum diameter) and returns to its original size as it moves toward the bathtub wall 120 and along the decline 156. Once the overflow cap 112 is in place, the decline 156 of the snap ring 150 holds the lip 114 (which extends inwardly from the inner diameter of the overflow cap 112 to match the size, slope, and length of the decline 156) in position.

(47) The overflow cap 112 may have a generally cylindrical shape, although the sidewall of the overflow cap 112 (i.e. the wall in which the aperture 128 is provided) may have a larger circumference or perimeter near the open backside or rear of the overflow cap 112 and a smaller circumference or perimeter near the closed front side or face of the overflow cap 112.

(48) To allow the system 100 to be used on bathtubs with thicker bathtub walls 120, the snap ring 150 and the nut 154 may be manufactured with minimal thickness. Because the snap ring 150 is installed flush against the bathtub wall 120, and because the nut 154 is installed flush against the snap ring 150, the rigidity of the snap ring 150 and the nut 154 as installed is beneficially greater than the rigidity of either component standing alone, which effect may be utilized advantageously to justify or permit a reduced thickness of the snap ring 150 and the nut 154.

(49) In the overflow cover interconnection system 100, the nut 154 has a shaped outer edge (e.g. with flats 166 and peaks 170) adapted to improve gripping by a wrench, pliers, or fingers, while the snap ring 150 contacts the overflow cap 112 substantially along the entire inner diameter of the overflow cap 112. As a result, the system 100 provides for significantly more contact area between the overflow cap 112 and the snap ring 150 than is achievable where the overflow cap 112 snaps directly onto the nut 154, as in some prior art overflow assemblies. This increased contact surface area improves retention of the overflow cap 112 by the snap ring 150. Additionally, the use of a separate snap ring 150 and nut 154 allows the outer edge or sidewall of the snap ring 150 to be shaped to facilitate the snapping of the overflow cap 112 onto the snap ring 150 (e.g. with an incline 152 and a decline 156), while allowing the nut 154 to have flat outer surfaces that are better adapted for gripping, whether with tools or by hand.

(50) FIG. 1C depicts an overflow cover interconnection system 180 that is substantially similar to the system 100, but with two primary differences. First, the nut 188 of the system 180 has no extension 162, and is not configured to fit inside of the internal diameter of the snap ring 184. Second and relatedly, the snap ring 184 of the system 180 has an internal diameter that is smaller than the internal diameter of the snap ring 150. Rather than being sized to fit over a nut extension 162, the internal diameter of the snap ring 184 is sized to be just larger than the outer diameter of the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104, so as to permit the snap ring 184 to slide over the threaded upper portion 108 until it contacts the bathtub wall 120. The nut 188 is then threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104, and holds both the elbow 104 and the snap ring 184 in position. In all other respects, the system 180 may be identical to or substantially the same as the system 100.

(51) FIG. 2 depicts an overflow cover interconnection system 200 that, like the system 100, uses an elbow 104, a washer 116, a nut, and a snap ring. As described previously, the elbow 104 comprises a front wall 136, a recessed wall 140, and an inner passageway 132. The washer 116 is also substantially the same as described above. Unlike the system 100, the system 200 utilizes a nut 254 and a snap ring 250. The nut 254 differs somewhat from the nut 154 (see FIG. 1A), in that the nut 254, rather than having an outer edge that defines a plurality of alternating flats and peaks instead comprises a plurality of cutouts or finger grips 262 extending inward from the nut outer sidewall 270. Similarly, the snap ring 250 differs somewhat from the snap ring 150 (see FIG. 1A), in that rather than having an outer sidewall or edge of the snap ring 250 that defines an unbroken circle, the snap ring 250 comprises a plurality of cutouts 258 that extend inward from the snap ring outer sidewall 266. The nut cutouts 262 are adapted to facilitate the manual grasping and tightening of the nut 254 against the snap ring 250. The snap ring cutouts 258 are adapted to reduce the length of the snapping surface (e.g. the outer sidewall 266), so that less force is needed to snap the overflow cap onto the snapping ring 250. Even with the cutouts 258, the snap ring 250 still provides more contact surface with an overflow cap than would a hexagonally shaped nut 154 of FIG. 1A if the overflow cap 112 were to be snapped directly onto such a nut. The other benefits of the system 100 as described above apply as well to the system 200.

(52) With reference now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, an overflow cover interconnection system 300 is again similar to the systems 100 (FIGS. 1A-1C) and 200 (FIG. 2), with an elbow, a washer, a nut, and a snap ring. Here again, the elbow 104 comprises a front wall 136, a recessed wall 140, a flange 124, and an inner passageway 132 through which liquid may flow out of the bathtub and into a connected drainage system. The washer 116 is also the same as described above. The system 300 utilizes a nut 354 and a snap ring 350, however, that differ from the nuts and the snap rings described above. The nut 354 includes an extension 162, over which the snap ring 350 is centered for installation on the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104. But the nut 354 has an outer sidewall 370 with a reduced outer diameter relative to the nut 254. Cutouts or finger grips 262 extend inwardly from the outer sidewall 370 and facilitates manual installation and tightening of the nut 354 onto the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104, but the reduced diameter of the outer sidewall 370, which is approximately equal to the minimum outer diameter of the snap ring 350 (e.g. the outer diameter of the snap ring 350 between the closest points of two opposite cutouts 258), exposes more surface area of the snap ring 350. The additional exposed surface area can be used for improved snap feature geometry (e.g. to provide an improved shape of the outer sidewall 366 of the snap ring 350).

(53) More particularly, the snap ring 350 again comprises an outer sidewall 366 with cutouts 258 extending inwardly therefrom, and again has inner diameter sized to allow the snap ring 350 to fit over the nut extension 162, but the outer sidewall 366 has a significantly more pronounced front incline 152. The inclusion of a more pronounced front incline 152 allows for a smoother, more gradual incline that facilitates installation of the overflow cap 112 onto the snap ring 350. In some embodiments, the snap ring 350 includes a shorter, less pronounced decline 156, although the lip 114 of the overflow cap 112 still matches the size, slope, and length of the decline 156. The less pronounced decline 156 facilitates removal of the overflow cap 112, while still holding the overflow cap 112 securely in position in the absence of a force being exerted on the overflow cap 112 in a direction away from the bathtub wall 120.

(54) In an overflow cover interconnection system 400 as depicted in FIG. 4, an overflow cap 412—which, like the overflow cap 112 (e.g., FIG. 3B), is substantially cylindrical, with an open back, a closed face, and a cylindrical sidewall—is provided with internal threads 416 which can be threaded directly onto the threaded upper portion 108 of an overflow elbow 104. The internal threads 416 are provided on an inner circumference of the sidewall of the overflow cap 112, adjacent the open back thereof. The use of internal threads 416 reduces the number of parts required for the system 400, because the overflow cap 412 acts as both a nut to hold the elbow 104 in position and as an overflow cap. Moreover, due to the placement of apertures 128 all around the sidewall of the overflow cap 412, the final orientation of the overflow cap 412 becomes largely immaterial to the aesthetics and the functionality of the system 400. Consequently, the overflow cap 412 can be threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 until it is tight against the bathtub wall 120, without concern for the rotational orientation of the overflow cap 412 in the tightened position. The inclusion of multiple apertures 128 also facilitates the flow of water or other liquid into the overflow elbow 104, and thus may provide for a higher flow rate, making the overflow assembly as a whole better able to prevent bathtub overflow. In alternative embodiments, the overflow cap 412 may have only one aperture 128, or may have a number of apertures that is more or less than the five apertures shown in FIG. 4. Further, the upper portion 103 may possess a plurality of apertures to enhance fluid flow.

(55) The overflow cap 412 also comprises an annular rear face or wall 420. The rear face or wall 420, which extends radially inwardly from the outer circumference of the sidewall of the overflow cap 412 to the internal threads 416, may define an annular shape. In some embodiments, the annular rear wall 420 may be in direct contact with the bathtub wall 120. In other embodiments, a washer 116 may be placed onto the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104, between the bathtub wall and the overflow cap 412. In such embodiments, the washer 116 may provide a seal between the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104 and the bathtub wall 120, so as to prevent water from leaking around the threaded upper portion 108 and into the (typically inaccessible) area between the bathtub and the surrounding walls. In some embodiments, for aesthetic purposes, the washer 116 may have an outer diameter that is smaller than the outer diameter of the overflow cap 412. Also in some embodiments, the annular rear wall 420 may comprise a groove or channel in which a washer 116, an O-ring, or a gasket may be placed to provide the desired seal, while remaining out of sight and, thus, avoiding an aesthetically displeasing finish.

(56) FIG. 5 shows an overflow cover interconnection system 500 that also uses a standard elbow 104, but does so together with a double-threaded nut 554 and a threaded overflow cap 512. The double threaded nut 554 includes inner threads 558 for engaging the outer threads of the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104, and outer threads 562 onto which the inner threads 516 of the overflow cap 512 may be threaded. The nut 554 is first threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104, until the nut 554 abuts the tub wall. The overflow cap 512 is then threaded onto the outer threads 562 of the nut 554, until the annular rear wall 520 of the overflow cap 512 abuts the tub wall 120.

(57) As with the overflow cap 412 (FIG. 4), the overflow cap 512 may be provided with any number of apertures 128.

(58) FIG. 6 shows a similar overflow cover interconnection system 600. In the system 600, a nut 654 comprising inner threads 558, flats 166, and peaks 170 is used to hold the elbow 104 in position. Once the nut 654 has been tightened against a bathtub wall 120, the overflow cap 612—which comprises an inner circumference 624, a recessed wall 620, and internal threads 616 provided on an inner surface of the recessed wall 620—may be threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 until the annular rear wall 628 contacts the bathtub wall 120, or until the recessed wall 620 contacts the nut 654. Once installed, the overflow cap 612 hides the nut 654 from view, thus presenting an aesthetically pleasing finish to a user of the bathtub.

(59) Like the overflow caps described above, the overflow cap 612 may be provided with any number of apertures 128.

(60) FIG. 7 shows an overflow cover interconnection system 700. In the system 700, a nut 754 comprises inner threads 558 and, around the outer circumference thereof, a plurality of L-shaped tabs 758. Each L-shaped tab 758 includes a first portion that runs along the front edge of the nut 754, and a second portion that runs perpendicularly from the front of edge of the nut 754 to the back edge of the nut 754, so as to intersect one end of the first portion at a right angle. The overflow cap 712 comprises a plurality of complementary locking pins 720 extending inwardly from the inner circumference 624 of the overflow cap 712.

(61) In use, the nut 754 is threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 of the elbow 104 until the nut 754 abuts the bathtub wall 120. The overflow cap 712 is then aligned so that the locking pins 720 are in between the tabs 758, pushed backward toward the bathtub wall 120 so that the locking pins 720 are positioned farther rearward than the first portion of the tabs 758, and rotated until the locking pins 720 are behind the first portion of the tabs 758 and abut the second portion of the tabs 758. This bayonet-style locking mechanism allows the overflow cap 712 to be securely but easily installed on the nut 754. Additionally, in embodiments where the final rotational orientation of the overflow cap 712 is important for aesthetic purposes or otherwise, the system 700 allows greater control over the final rotational orientation of the overflow cap 712.

(62) As with the overflow caps described above, the overflow cap 712 is shown with a plurality of apertures 128, but may have more or less apertures 128 than shown.

(63) FIG. 8 shows an overflow cover interconnection system 800. The system 800 is substantially similar to the system 700, including in its use of a bayonet-style locking system, but the tabs 858 of the nut 854 include a locking edge 862 at the open end thereof. The locking edges 862 are located on the rear-facing side of the first portions of the tabs 858, opposite the side of the first portion from which the second portions of the tabs 858 extend, and are a small raised surface that forces the locking pins 720, the tabs 858, or both to deflect slightly when the overflow cap 712 is rotated into or out of the locked position relative to the nut 854. In some embodiments, the locking edge 862 may be a curved or double-inclined surface to facilitate rotation of the overflow cap 712 into or out of the locked position, while in other embodiments the locking edge 862 may be curved or inclined on one side (so as to facilitate rotation of the overflow cap 712 into the locked position), while having a straight surface, perpendicular to the direction of rotation, on the other side (so as to prevent rotation of the overflow cap 712 out of the locked position). In either embodiment, the locking edges 862 provide at least some resistance to rotation of the overflow cap into and/or out of the locked position, and therefore allow the overflow cap 712 of the system 800 to be locked into position more securely than is possible in the system 700.

(64) Here again, the overflow cap 712 is shown with a plurality of apertures 128, but may have more or less apertures 128 than shown.

(65) Notably, the embodiments described in connection with FIGS. 1A-8 all utilize a standard overflow elbow 104. Use of a standard overflow elbow 104 may advantageously reduce manufacturing costs, may allow retrofitting to existing systems, and provide other supply chain benefits. Other embodiments of the present invention, may use nonstandard overflow elbows to obtain certain advantages or features that cannot be obtained with standard overflow elbows.

(66) Referring now to FIGS. 9A and 9B, an overflow cover interconnection system 900 comprises an overflow elbow 904 and an overflow cap 912. The overflow elbow 904 is provided with a flange 124. However, instead of a threaded upper portion, the upper portion 908 of the elbow 904 comprises a series of stepped tabs 906 that define a series of channels 910. The overflow cap 912 comprises a series of locking pins 920 extending inwardly from the inner circumference 624 of the overflow cap 912. The overflow cap 912 also comprises at least one aperture 128.

(67) The upper portion 908 of the elbow 904 is inserted from the exterior side to the interior side of an opening in a bathtub wall 120. Here, the elbow 904 is secured by aligning the locking pins 920 with the channels 910 between the stepped tabs 906 on the upper portion 908 of the elbow 904, and then alternately pushing and rotating the overflow cap 912 until the overflow cap 912 cannot be pushed in (i.e., towards the bathtub wall 120) any farther because it contacts the bathtub wall 120. The system 900 advantageously may easily accommodate bathtub walls 120 of varying thickness, because the overflow cap 912 can lock into position at any step of the stepped tabs 906.

(68) Turning to FIGS. 10A and 10B, an overflow cover interconnection system 1000 that also uses a bayonet-style locking mechanism comprises an elbow 1004 and an overflow cap 912. The elbow 1004 employs a series of branched tree tabs 1006 arranged on the upper portion 908. Each branched tree tab 1006 comprises a main trunk that extends axially from the front of the upper portion 908 to the flange 124, and a plurality of evenly spaced branches extending circumferentially to one side of the main trunk of the tree tab 1006. Once the upper portion 908 has been inserted through a bathtub wall 120, the overflow cap 912 may be rotated until the locking pins 920 are aligned with the channels 1008 between the tabs 1006, then pushed back until the overflow cap 912 abuts the bathtub wall 120. When the overflow cap 912 cannot be pushed backward toward the bathtub wall 120 any farther, the overflow cap 912 can be rotated, thus causing the extended locking pins 920 to rotate into a locked position, where each extended locking pin 920 is positioned in between two branches of a tree tab 1006 and abuts the trunk of the tree tab 1006.

(69) Like the system 900, the system 1000 advantageously may easily accommodate bathtub walls 120 of varying thickness, because the overflow cap 912 can lock into position between any two adjacent branches of the tree tabs 1006. Additionally, although not illustrated in the figures, each branch of the branched tree tabs 1006 may comprise a locking edge 862 at the free end thereof and protruding in the axial direction. Such locking edges 862 would provide some resistance to the movement of the extending locking pins 920 into or out of the locked position relative to the branched tree tabs 1006.

(70) One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the stepped surface of FIGS. 9A and 9B, and the tree tabs of FIGS. 10A and 10B may be incorporated onto a sleeve that engages the threads of an existing overflow pipe. In this example, an existing system can be updated with a newer model if needed. Alternatively, if a new tub is installed, and the threads of an existing overflow system do not extend sufficiently into the tub, a sleeve with the features described herein interconnected to the existing overflow pipe can be used to provide additional length.

(71) FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C depict an overflow cover interconnection system 1100 that utilizes an overflow elbow 1104, a nut 154, and an overflow cap 1112. The overflow elbow 1104 comprises a threaded upper portion 108, a flange 124, and an inner passageway 132 through which fluid may flow out of a bathtub in which the overflow elbow 1104 is installed. Unlike the elbow 104, the elbow 1104 comprises inner ribs 1108 extending circumferentially along the inner surface of the threaded upper portion 108.

(72) The overflow cap 1112 comprises a plurality of deflectable tabs 1120 extending rearwardly from the front inside face 1124 of the overflow cap 1112. The tabs 1120 are curved in the circumferential direction with a radius of curvature that matches or nearly matches the radius of curvature of the threaded upper portion 108. The tabs 1120 flare radially outwardly at the free end thereof before curving radially inwardly, although in other embodiments the tabs 1120 may be shaped differently. The tabs 1120 are configured to elastically deflect in the radial direction.

(73) Once the elbow 1104 is installed in a bathtub wall 120, and has been secured in place with the nut 154, the overflow cap 1112 is pressed onto the end of the threaded upper portion 108. The inner deflectable tabs 1120 are forced to deflect inwardly slightly when they contact the front wall 136 of the threaded upper portion 108, after which the overflow cap 1112 can be pushed toward the bathtub wall 120 until the overflow cap 1112 covers the nut 154. The inner deflectable tabs 1120 engage the inner ribs 1108 of the threaded upper portion 108, thus holding the overflow cap 1112 in position. Any number of tabs 1120 may be provided on the overflow cap 1112.

(74) The system 1100 beneficially uses a simple nut 154 to hold the elbow 1104 in position, which is beneficially hidden from view when the overflow cap 1112 is installed. The tabs 1120 of the overflow cap 1112 allow the overflow cap 1112 to be easily installed on the elbow 1104, with more contact area (and thus a more secure connection) than if the overflow cap 1112 were to simply engage the peaks of the nut 154, as in known overflow assemblies. Further, the geometry and thickness of the tabs 1120 may be modified (prior to manufacture) to vary the strength of the interconnection between the overflow cap 1112 and the elbow 1104, such that the system 1100 is adaptable for situations requiring a stronger fit (e.g. hotels, apartments, and other temporary living quarters) and those requiring a less robust connection (e.g. homes).

(75) FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C show an overflow cover interconnection system 1200 comprising a standard elbow 104, a standard nut 154, and an overflow cap 1212. The elbow 104 includes features described elsewhere herein, including a flange 124, a threaded upper portion 108, an inner passage 132, and a front wall 136. The nut 154 threads onto the threaded upper portion 108 to secure the elbow 104 into position in a bathtub wall 120. The overflow cap 1220 comprises at least one aperture 128 and a plurality of pairs of tabs extending rearwardly from the front inside face 1124 of the overflow cap 1212, each pair comprising an inner deflectable tab 1120 and an outer deflectable tab 1220.

(76) After the elbow 104 has been installed in a bathtub wall 120 and secured in place with the nut 154, the overflow cap 1212 is pressed onto the end of the threaded upper portion 108. The deflectable tabs 1120 are forced to deflect inwardly slightly when they contact the front wall 136 of the threaded upper portion 108, and the outer deflectable tabs 1220 are forced to deflect outward slightly when they contact the front wall 136 and the threads of the threaded upper portion 108. The overflow cap 1212 is pushed toward the bathtub wall 120 until the overflow cap 1212 covers the nut 154. The inner deflectable tabs 1120 press against the inner wall of the threaded upper portion 108 and the outer deflectable tabs 1220 press against the threads of the threaded upper portion 108, thus holding the overflow cap 1212 in position. The geometry of the ends of the inner deflectable tabs 1120 and outer deflectable tabs 1220 may be configured to grip the inner wall or external threads, respectively, of the upper threaded portion 108. Although the overflow cap 1212 is shown with four pairs of tabs 1120 and 1220, any number of pairs of tabs 1120 and 1220 may be provided on the overflow cap 1112. Additionally, although the tabs 1120 and 1220 are shown in pairs on the overflow cap 1212, in some embodiments the tabs 1120 may not be aligned with the tabs 1220.

(77) Although FIG. 12C depicts the overflow cap 1212 pressed against the front wall 136 of the upper threaded portion 108, in most installations the overflow cap 1212 would not be pressed against the front wall 136, so as to allow water to pass between the front wall 136 and the inside front face 1124 of the overflow cap 1212 and into the inner passageway 132 of the overflow elbow 104. In some embodiments, spacers may be provided on the inside front face 1124 of the overflow cap 1212 that are specifically intended to contact the front wall 136 of the elbow 1104, to prevent the overflow cap 1212 from being pressed against the front wall 136.

(78) As with the system 1100, the system 1200 uses a simple nut 154 to hold the elbow 104 in position, which is beneficially hidden from view when the overflow cap 1212 is installed. The system 1200 also uses a standard overflow elbow 104. The use of a standard elbow 104 and standard nut 154 may help to reduce manufacturing and supply chain costs. The tabs 1120 and 1220 of the overflow cap 1212 advantageously allow the overflow cap 1212 to be easily installed on the elbow 104, with more contact area (and thus a more secure connection) than if the overflow cap 1212 were to simply engage the peaks of the nut 154, as in known overflow assemblies. Further, the geometry and thickness of the tabs 1120 and 1220 may be modified (prior to manufacture) to vary the strength of the interconnection between the overflow cap 1212 and the elbow 104, such that the system 1200 is adaptable for situations requiring a stronger fit (e.g. hotels, apartments, and other temporary living quarters) and those requiring a less robust connection (e.g. homes).

(79) FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C show an overflow cover interconnection system 1300, which uses a standard nut 154 together with an overflow elbow 1304 and an overflow cap 1312. The overflow elbow 1304 includes a flange 124, a threaded upper portion 108, and an inner passageway 132 through which water or other liquid may flow out of a bathtub and into an attached bathtub drain system. The overflow elbow 1304 is different than the standard elbow in that the overflow elbow 1304 includes a groove or channel 1324 around an inner circumference of the threaded upper portion 108, in which an O-ring 1308 (or any other type of gasket) is seated.

(80) The overflow cap 1312 of the system 1300 comprises at least one aperture 128 and a plurality of fingers 1320 arranged in a circular formation and extending rearward from the front inside face 1124 of the overflow cap 1312. The overflow cap 1312 may have any number of fingers 1320, provided that enough fingers 1320 are available to hold the overflow cap 1312 in position when installed on the elbow 1304.

(81) To install the system 1300, the upper threaded portion 108 of the overflow elbow 1304 is inserted through a hole in a bathtub wall 120, after which the nut 154 is threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 until the nut abuts the tub wall 120. The overflow cap 1312 is then pressed onto the front of the upper threaded portion 108, with the fingers 1320 extending along the inner wall of the upper threaded portion 108 and contacting the O-ring 1308. The overflow cap 1312, once installed, covers the nut 154 to advantageously provide a more aesthetically pleasing finish, and is held in place by the friction fit between the fingers 1320 and the O-ring 1308.

(82) The fingers 1320 may be provided with a slight inward curve at the free end thereof, to prevent the fingers 1320 from catching on the O-ring 1308 as the overflow cap 1312 is pressed into position.

(83) As with the overflow caps in each of the systems 1100 and 1200, the overflow cap 1312 of the system 1300 may beneficially be rotated after installation into any desired rotational orientation (e.g. so that the aperture 128 faces downward). Additionally, as with the overflow caps in each of the systems 1100 and 1200, the overflow cap 1312 of the system 1300 may be installed so that the fingers 1320 extend a minimal distance into the upper threaded portion 108 (e.g. just past the O-ring 1308, if, for example, the elbow 1304 were installed on a thick tub wall 120), or a greater distance into the upper threaded portion 108 (e.g. well past the O-ring 1308, if, for example, the elbow 1304 were installed on a thin tub wall 120). In other words, the system 1300, like the systems 1100 and 1200, may be used with bathtubs having varying wall thickness without needing to make any changes to the configuration of any component thereof.

(84) Referring now to FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C, an overflow cover interconnection system 1400 includes an elbow 1404, a nut 154, and an overflow cap 1412. The elbow 1404 comprises an upper threaded portion 108 with interior threads 1408 provided on an inner wall thereof. The elbow 1404 also comprises a flange 124 and an inner passageway 132, through which water or other liquid may flow as it exits a bathtub on which the overflow elbow 1404 is installed and passes into the bathtub drainage system.

(85) The overflow cap 1412, like the overflow cap 1312, comprises a plurality of fingers, extending rearward from the front inside face 1124 of the overflow cap 1412 and arranged in a circular formation. Unlike the fingers 1320, however, the fingers 1420 comprises threads 1424 on a radially outward face thereof. The overflow cap 1412 also comprises at least one aperture 128. As with other overflow caps depicted and described herein, the overflow cap 1412 may comprise any number of apertures 128, and may also comprise any number of fingers 1420, provided that the fingers 1420 are sufficient in size and number to hold the overflow cap 1412 in position on the overflow elbow 1104.

(86) Once the overflow elbow 1404 has been installed in a bathtub wall 120 and secured in place with the nut 154, in the same manner described with respect to the elbow 104, the overflow cap 1412 may be installed by threading the threads 1424 of the fingers 1420 into the inner threads 1408 of the upper threaded portion 108. The overflow cap 1412 may be threaded onto the threaded upper portion 108 as far as necessary until the overflow cap 1412 covers the nut 154, resulting in a more aesthetically pleasing finish than if the nut 154 were to remain visible to a user of the bathtub.

(87) Here again, the overflow cap 1420 may be threaded onto the inner threads 1408 of the upper threaded portion 108 as much or as little as needed to cover the nut 154 and any exposed portion of the threaded upper portion 108. The overflow cap 1412 thus need not be altered for use with thick or thin bathtub walls 120.

(88) FIGS. 15A, 15B, 15C, and 15D show an overflow cover interconnection system 1500 that comprises an elbow 1504, a metal ring 1554, and an overflow cap 1512. The elbow 1504 comprises a non-threaded upper portion 1508, a flange 124, and an inner passageway 132 adapted to channel liquid from one end of the overflow elbow 1504 to the other. The metal ring 1554 comprises standoff teeth 1558, outer teeth 1562, and gripping teeth 1566. The standoff teeth 1558, when the metal ring has been installed properly on the upper portion 1508 of the elbow 1504, point toward the bathtub wall 120/flange 124 and are bent at a lower angle than the outer teeth 1562. As a result, the standoff teeth 1558 extend farther rearward than the outer teeth 1562. Consequently, when the metal ring is pushed onto the upper portion 1508 of an elbow 1504 that has been installed in a bathtub wall 120, the standoff teeth 1558 will contact the tub wall 120 and ensure that the outer teeth 1562 remain available to secure the overflow cap 1512 into position.

(89) The outer teeth 1562 are angled outward more than the standoff teeth 1558. These outer teeth 1562 are intended to catch the lip 1516 around the inner circumference of the overflow cap 1512 and to then hold the overflow cap 1512 in position. When the overflow cap 1512 is pushed over the metal ring 1554, the lip 1516 may first press against the forward-facing surface of the outer teeth 1562, causing the teeth 1562 to deflect inwardly enough to allow the lip 1516 to pass over the outer teeth 1562. The outer teeth 1562 then spring back into position, and the rearward-facing end surface of the outer teeth 1562 block the lip 1516 from moving forward, off of the metal ring 1554, unless sufficient force is applied to again deflect the outer teeth 1562 inward and out of the way of the lip 1516.

(90) The metal ring 1554 also includes pointed gripping teeth 1566, which are configured to point radially inward and forward at an angle from the metal ring 1554. These gripping teeth 1566 allow the metal ring 1554 to be slid over the upper portion 1508 of the elbow 1504 to secure the elbow 1504 in position in a tub wall 120. However, attempts to slide the metal ring 1554 forward, off of the upper portion 1508, will cause the gripping teeth 1566 to dig into the outer surface of the upper portion 1508, thus preventing removal of the ring 1554 from the upper portion 1508. The metal ring 1554 thus provides a largely tamper-proof mechanism for securing the overflow elbow 1504 to a bathtub wall 120. Depending on the size of the lip 1516 of the overflow cap 1512, the metal ring 1554 may also provide a largely tamper-proof mechanism for securing the overflow cap 1512 in position over the upper portion 1508. A larger lip 1516 will require greater deflection of the outer teeth 1562 when installed over the metal ring 1554, but more importantly will present a greater obstacle to removal of the overflow cap 1512.

(91) As will be evident from the foregoing description, the system 1500 may be used with bathtubs having walls 120 of varying thicknesses, as the metal ring 1554 need only be slid onto the upper portion 1508 enough to allow the gripping teeth 1566 to engage the upper portion 1508, but may be slid substantially farther onto the upper portion 1508. The system 1500 also allows the overflow cap 1512 to be rotated after installation, so that the aperture 128 can be positioned in a desired position, or so that some other desired rotational orientation of the overflow cap 1512 may be achieved.

(92) Many variations of the system 1500 are possible. For example, the outer teeth 1562 could be interconnected to a nut such as the nut 154, rather than to the metal ring 1554. Alternatively, the metal ring 1554 could be provided with inner threads, rather than or in addition to the gripping teeth 1566.

(93) Additionally, instead of outer teeth 1562 provided on the metal ring 1554, the overflow cap 1512 could be provided with teeth oriented similarly to the gripping teeth 1566, but extending from an internal circumference of the sidewall of the overflow cap 1512 (e.g. from the lip 1516, or instead of the lip 1516). Such teeth would allow the overflow cap 1512 to be slid onto the upper portion 1508, but would prevent removal of the overflow cap 1512 from the upper portion 1508 by digging into the surface of the upper portion 1508 when a force is applied to the overflow cap 1512 in the forward direction.

(94) Further, the metal ring 1554 may be provided only with outer teeth 1562, and without standoff teeth 1558 and/or gripping teeth 1566. The outer teeth 1562 could be positioned to flex just enough to allow the overflow cap 1512 to be installed over the outer teeth 1562, and may further be configured to provide some resistance to removal of the overflow cap 1512 but not so much that removal of the overflow cap 1512 is impossible.

(95) Still further, the outer teeth 1562 may be incorporated into the upper portion 1508 of the elbow 1504, rather than provided on a separate metal ring 1554. One or more of the ring 1554, the standoff teeth 1558, the outer teeth 1562, and the gripping teeth 1566 may be made from plastic or some other material instead of from metal. Any of the standoff teeth 1558, the outer teeth 1562, and the gripping teeth 1566 may be provided at only specific locations (including as few as two locations) around a circumference of the metal ring 1554, rather than around the entire circumference of the metal ring 1554.

(96) FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C show an overflow cover interconnection system 1600 that includes an elbow 1504, a metal ring 1564, and an overflow cap 912. The elbow 1504, as described above, has a non-threaded upper portion 1508, a flange 124, and an inner passageway 132 for the transport of liquid. The overflow cap 912, as also described above, includes a plurality of extended locking pins 920 extending radially inward from an internal circumference 624 of the overflow cap 912, and also includes at least one aperture 128. The metal ring 1654 includes only gripping teeth 1566, which have the same structure and function as described above.

(97) In the system 1600, the metal ring 1654 is intended only to hold the elbow 1504 in position in a bathtub wall 120, and does not interact with the overflow cap 912. The extended locking pins 920 of the overflow cap 912 are sized so that the radially inward ends of the extended locking pins 920 contact the outer surface of the upper portion 1508, such that the overflow cap 912 remains in position due to a friction fit between the extending locking pins 920 and the upper portion 1508. The overflow cap 912 may be provided with any number of extended locking pins 920 suitable to hold the overflow cap 912 in position on the overflow elbow 1504, which may be as few as three, but may also be more than the eight depicted extended locking pins 920. The overflow cap 912 may beneficially be installed on the upper portion 1508 in any rotational orientation.

(98) In some embodiments, the extended locking pins 920 may be inset from the rear edge of the overflow cap 912, so that the side surface of the overflow cap 912 can extend over the metal ring 1654 to provide a more aesthetically pleasing appearance when the system 1600 is fully installed. Also in some embodiments, the overflow cap 912 may be provided with a portion that is inserted into the upper portion 1508 of the overflow elbow 1504 to help secure the overflow cap 912 in position. In other embodiments, the overflow cap 912 may not include any extended locking pins 920, but may instead be provided only with one or more fingers, tabs, cylindrical walls, or other structure(s) adapted to fit into the upper portion 1508 of the elbow 1504.

(99) FIG. 17A depicts an overflow cover interconnection system 1700, which utilizes an overflow elbow 1304, a nut 154, and an overflow cap 1712. The overflow elbow 1304, as described above, includes a flange 124, an upper threaded portion 108, an inner passageway 132, an internal, circumferential groove or channel 1324, and an O-ring 1308 or other gasket seated in the groove 1324. The nut 154 secures the elbow 1304 to a bathtub wall 120 in the same manner described with respect to various of the embodiments of the present invention. The overflow cap 1712 includes a cylindrical wall 1716, which is provided with a plurality of openings or apertures to allow liquid or other fluid to pass therethrough. The cylindrical wall 1716 has an outer diameter that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the upper portion 108, such that the cylindrical wall 1716 can be inserted into the upper portion 108 and held in place by a friction fit with the O-ring 1308. Here again, the system 1700 is adaptable to bathtub walls 120 having varying thicknesses, as the cylindrical wall 1716 need only engage the O-ring 1308 to ensure the overflow cap 1712 stays in position. Also, the overflow cap 1712 may be installed on the upper portion 108 in any rotational orientation. In some embodiments, the overflow cap 1712 may have an overall diameter large enough to extend over the nut 154 when the cap 1712 has been installed on the upper portion 108, which may improve the aesthetics of the installed system 1700.

(100) FIG. 17B shows an alternative overflow cap 1750 for use in the system 1700 instead of the overflow cap 1712. The alternative overflow cap 1750 utilizes a plurality of fingers 1754 instead of the cylindrical wall 1716, but otherwise operates in the same manner and with the same benefits as the overflow cap 1712.

(101) FIGS. 18A and 18B show an overflow cover interconnection system 1800 that includes an overflow elbow 1804, an O-ring 1854, and an insert 1850. The elbow 1804 includes an upper portion 1508 with internal threads 1808, a flange 124, and an inner passageway 132 for transporting liquids. The elbow 1804 may be installed in a bathtub wall 120 in the normal fashion, after which the O-ring 1854 is slid over the upper portion 1508 until it contacts the wall 120, so as to hold the elbow 1804 in position. The insert 1850 includes outer threads 1860 adapted to engage the inner threads 1808 of the elbow 1804; a flange 1864 that receives an overflow cap (not shown) with a snap fit, a press fit, or any other interconnection method disclosed herein; and a removable skin or membrane 1868 for blocking the inner passageways 1872 and 132 after installation of the system 1800 and during testing thereof. The insert 1850 may thus be threaded into the upper portion 1508 of the elbow 1804, and once testing is complete and the skin or membrane 1868 has been removed or at least perforated or otherwise opened, an overflow cap may be installed over the insert flange 1864 to complete installation of the system 1800.

(102) The components of the various overflow cover interconnection systems described herein may be made, for example, of plastic (including, but not limited to, PVC), metal (including, but not limited to, brass, bronze, copper, or stainless steel), ceramic, or other suitable materials, or any combination of the foregoing. Additionally, one or more components of the overflow cover interconnection systems described herein may be provided with a finish that differs from the material of which the component is primarily made. Possible finishes include but are not limited to aged pewter, brushed bronze, brushed nickel, oil-rubbed bronze, polished brass, and wrought iron.

(103) Additionally, as will be evident from the foregoing disclosure, many of the features described herein with respect to a particular overflow cover interconnection system may be used or included in a different overflow cover interconnection system described herein. As just one example, a membrane or skin such as the membrane or skin 1868 described in connection with the system 1800 may be attached or connected to the front face 136 of the elbow 104, or otherwise applied to the front of the upper portions of the various elbows described herein. Further still, the various benefits and advantages described in connection with one of the various overflow cover interconnection systems described herein may also be realized or provided by another of the various overflow cover interconnection systems described herein, even if not specifically mentioned or described in connection with the other of the various overflow cover interconnection systems.

(104) References in the foregoing description to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” “some embodiments,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with one embodiment, it is submitted that the description of such feature, structure, or characteristic may apply to any other embodiment unless so stated and/or except as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the description.

(105) While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. It is to be expressly understood that such modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims. Further, it is to be understood that the invention(s) described herein is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the preceding description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Also, the foregoing description utilizes examples to better illustrate one or more aspects of the disclosed embodiments, but such examples—the use of which may be indicated by language such as “for example,” “e.g.,” “such as,” and “by way of example”—are not intended to be limiting.