Methods and Systems for Use of Quaternary Ammonium Organosilanes in Oil and Gas Hydraulic Fracking

Abstract

The technology described herein includes methods and uses in oil and gas hydraulic fracking for a quaternary ammonium organosilane, and particularly AMOSILQ™ quaternary ammonium organosilane. Uses include coating and treating filters for use in the hydraulic fracking process, premixing in fracking fluid/water; flowback water treatment and proppant coating.

Claims

1. A system of reusing water in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: coating filters that receive water from the hydraulic fracking process with a quaternary ammonium organosilane; and recirculating water that is filtered for use in the hydraulic fracking process.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the filters are part of a tank or tanks for storing hydraulic fracking water.

3. A method of using a quaternary ammonium organosilane in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: combining the organosilane quaternary ammonium with fracking fluid in solution; and introducing the solution into a fracking well.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the quaternary ammonium organosilane is five percent soluble in water.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the quaternary ammonium organosilane is one to 50 percent soluble in water.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the percentage of quaternary ammonium organosilane is determined based on possible biofilm buildup on fracking equipment.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the fracking fluid is drilling mud.

8. The method of claim 3 further comprising coating fracking equipment and constituents in the hydraulic fracking process with the quaternary ammonium organosilane in the solution.

9. A method of using a quaternary ammonium organosilane in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: directly coating hydraulic fracking equipment and components with the quaternary ammonium organosilane.

10. A method of using a quaternary ammonium organosilane in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: mixing the quaternary ammonium organosilane in water treatment tanks.

11. A system of reusing water in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: placing solid quaternary ammonium organosilane material in reservoirs of reuse hydraulic fracking water to disinfect the reuse hydraulic fracking water of bacteria and microbes.

12. The system of claim 11 further comprising mesh paddles coated with quaternary ammonium organosilane that are agitated and turned, wherein the reuse hydraulic fracking water passes through the mesh paddles.

13. A system of reusing water in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: adding a quaternary ammonium organosilane coated sand in in reservoirs of reuse hydraulic fracking water to disinfect the reuse hydraulic fracking water of bacteria and microbes.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the coated sand is of different mesh sizes.

15. The system of claim 13 further comprising using and coating materials other than sand.

16. A system of reusing water in a hydraulic fracking process comprised of the system of claim 9 and system of claim 13.

17. A method of using a quaternary ammonium organosilane in a hydraulic fracking process comprising: coating proppants used in the hydraulic fracking process with quaternary ammonium organosilane.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating is through an aqueous solution that is introduced in the fracking process.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating is performed on the proppants before use in the fracking process.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating is performed when the proppants are in place for the fracking process.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The detailed description is described with reference to accompanying FIGURES. In the FIGURES, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the FIGURE in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components.

[0010] FIG. 1 is an example system for treatment of hydrofracturing flowback water for reuse.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Described herein are uses, systems and methods for the use of a quaternary ammonium organosilanes in hydraulic fracturing or fracking. In certain implementations, for example, octadecyldimethyl (3-trihydroxypropyl) ammonium chloride, or the AMOSILQ™ “quaternary ammonium organosilane” is used. It is to be understood that other molecular compounds of quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be used. In particular, quaternary ammonium compounds that are silated or in the silane group. Such silated quaternary ammonium compounds, and in particularly quaternary ammonium organosilane molecules are in a monomer form, and have linkers to allow binding and polymerization to surfaces such as fracking equipment and proppants. Furthermore, quaternary ammonium organosilanes have a property that creates a covalent bond with surfaces that aligns quaternary ammonium organosilane molecules to effectively kill bacteria and microbes. In effect, forming a very robust surface barrier against bacteria and microbes.

[0012] Environmental effects evident with current biocides, include biocides leaching into and negatively affecting the environment. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes that are polymerized with surfaces, sloths over time into safer organic constituents into the environment. Furthermore, it may be more cost efficient using quaternary ammonium organosilanes in place of certain biocides.

[0013] Quaternary ammonium organosilanes may also be used to strengthen proppants. Sand can degrade from corrosion caused by bacteria and microbes. Unlike other biocides, quaternary ammonium organosilane binds with proppants such as sand to kill bacteria and microbes. This effectively prolongs the useful life of the proppant, and creates a static antimicrobial component. Since sand is porous, the quaternary ammonium organosilane molecules are able to soak into sand. As the proppant breaks down, quaternary ammonium organosilane molecules continue to provide antimicrobial efficacy. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes can have a longer efficacy than biocides.

[0014] Quaternary ammonium organosilanes, for example AMOSILQ′ quaternary ammonium organosilane, may be used throughout the fracking process, at different phases. For example adding quaternary ammonium organosilanes into fracking fluid, including static water and slick water, adding into flow back water, coating proppants, etc. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be also used to coat proppants, such as solids, sand, treated sand, ceramics, etc. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be used to replace and eliminate certain chemicals, such as biocides that are used as preemptive measures against bacteria and microbes.

[0015] The use of quaternary ammonium organosilanes in the fracking process may result in the reduction of water used to flush biocides and corrosive bacteria; reduction of energy use associated with water usage; reduction/elimination of toxic biocide usage; and environmental benefits in reducing/eliminating toxic biocides, reduced water use and efficient fracking.

Quaternary Ammonium Organosilanes in Fracking Fluid/Water

[0016] Quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be mixed in with fracking fluid or water. An appropriate concentration is determined to prevent film forming that can hinder fracking process. This concentration may approximately be 5 percent stabilized in water. Feasible concentrations may range from one percent to 50 percent soluble in water. In replacing biocides, advantages can include an increase microorganism kill rate over current biocides, enhanced biofilm prevention, prolonged kill rate through lifespan of drilling mud/hole. The quaternary ammonium organosilanes have the ability to attach to constituents. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes are stable with minimum impact to drilling in mud component functionality. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes are stable in extreme fracking environments, such as heat and pressure. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes are stable in in monomer and bound (polymerized) forms. A quaternary ammonium organosilane molecule is a monomer, and will polymerize with contact on substrates and surfaces. A quaternary ammonium organosilanes mixed in with fracking fluid can polymerize with different substrates and surfaces. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes can coat equipment, pipes, casing, etc., providing microbial kill, biofilm prevention. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes can have increased disinfectant rates in pressure and temperature over biocides. In addition, AMOSILQ™ quaternary ammonium organosilane is rated by the EPA as chemical/category 4.

Quaternary Ammonium Organosilane as Coating

[0017] As described above, a quaternary ammonium organosilane in solution, such a fracking fluid, is a monomer, and can polymerize with coatings and surfaces, such as those on fracking equipment. Benefits include the ability to use less expensive material that is more susceptible to corrosion, such as the use of carbonated steel in place of stainless steel for pipes.

[0018] Quaternary ammonium organosilane in a fluid, can be an indirect method of coating such equipment. Direct methods may also be implemented in coating equipment with quaternary ammonium organosilane. The use of quaternary ammonium organosilane as coating for equipment can lead to more efficient microbial kill and biofilm prevention.

Quaternary Ammonium Organosilane in Water Treatment

[0019] The use of quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be used in coating water purification systems, such as systems that treat flowback water. Such use can lead to more efficient microbial kill and biofilm prevention. Quaternary ammonium organosilane in solution can be used in static water, fracking fluid/water, and flowback water. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be used in high pressure situations, including static systems. High pressure can involve 1000 gallons per minute or 100 psi. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be added and used in fracking tanks before and after the fracking process(es). Fracking tanks may harbor harmful bacteria and microbes. Such fracking tanks may be portable and transportable on trucks. Such tanks may be 1000 lbs and have four chambers. Water lines in water purification systems, including those to water tanks, may be approximately eight inches in diameter. In certain implementations, different gravel/meshes are used in fracking tanks. The gravel/meshes can be treated with quaternary ammonium organosilane to kill microbes and bacteria. Such quaternary ammonium organosilane based gravel/meshes can replace current foam meshes that have a more limited use.

[0020] FIG. 1 shows a system 100 for treatment of hydrofracturing flowback water for reuse. Water is a major component in hydraulic fracking, and is a scarce resource. Considering the relatively large amount of water that is needed in hydraulic fracking, transportation costs are significant. Therefore, there is a great interest in efficient use of water, such as reuse in hydraulic fracking.

[0021] A major problem with water recycling or reuse process is bacterial and microbial populations that come back with the flowback water. The storage time the water sits in earthen pits also proliferates high bacterial populations. Flowback water can contain a type of bacteria called an SRB (Sulfate reducing bacteria). This bacteria basically reduces sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide on its own can be very dangerous, and can turn the flowback water to sulfuric acid. The MIC (microbial induced corrosion) causes billions of dollars in damage to equipment every year. Therefore, biocides are typically used in oil-water separation units, water storage tanks, and pipelines used to transport fluids. However, as discussed, biocides can have negative effects. As discussed, quaternary ammonium organosilane coatings may be used to help reduce the impact of corrosion and scale within the hydrofracturing equipment and piping.

[0022] Now in reference to FIG. 1, in a first stage, large blocks coated with quaternary ammonium organosilane material, such as WaterQore™ are anchored down into flowback reservoirs to start the job of disinfecting bacteria. The system 100 may make use low powered driven (e.g., solar powered) larger PPI (pores per inch) reticulated mesh “paddles” that would slowly turn and agitate possibly increasing disinfection time.

[0023] In a second stage, a sand filtration system can be used. Water tanks can be filled with quaternary ammonium organosilane coated sand at different mesh sizes. There is also a possibility of using different materials to treat the total dissolved solids and heavy metal content in the primary filtration stage. This high pressure step can also address high-pressure wastewater and drinking water applications using a combination of sand and cartridge systems.

[0024] With these two systems we could eliminate bacteria from flowback water providing an inexpensive and efficient way to reuse flowback water with much less environmental impact. The systems could also be used to treat topside fracking water before use, in transport vehicles, and storage tanks to disinfect the water before use to improve efficiency and production.

Quaternary Ammonium Organosilane in Proppants

[0025] As discussed above, quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be used for proppants in the fracking process. Quaternary ammonium organosilane coated proppants can provide static cleaning without pressurization. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes dry on their own.

[0026] As discussed, quaternary ammonium organosilanes can strengthen proppants. For example, sand can degrade from corrosion caused by bacteria and microbes. Unlike other biocides, quaternary ammonium organosilane binds with proppants such as sand to kill bacteria and microbes, and effectively prolongs the useful life of the proppant, and creates a static antimicrobial component. Since sand is porous, the quaternary ammonium organosilane molecules are able to soak into the sand. As the proppant or sand breaks down, quaternary ammonium organosilane molecules continue to provide antimicrobial efficacy. Quaternary ammonium organosilanes can have a longer efficacy than biocides.

[0027] In certain implementations, the proppants may already be placed downhole in shale in the fracking process. Coating of such proppants with quaternary ammonium organosilanes may be performed using what is commonly referred to in the industry as a “frack pack.” In such cases, for example, a line may be used to directly apply concentrated quaternary ammonium organosilanes to proppants that are in place (i.e., in the shale).