A CURCUMIN LOADED STABILIZED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES WITH INCREASED SOLUBILITY AND PHOTO-STABILITY AND A GREEN PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS THEREOF

Abstract

The present invention explored PLGA NPs synthesis using plant extracts as surfactants by nanoprecipitation process. PLGA NPs synthesized using Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Ficus palmata and Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts were further explored for encapsulation, controlled and sustained release of well-known antioxidant molecule, curcumin. This plant extract based nanoprecipitation process for the synthesis of PLGA NPs can be further explored for encapsulation of many other antioxidant molecules of therapeutic importance.

Claims

1. Stabilized polymeric nanoparticles, having particle size in the range of 68 nm to 206 nm, synthesized using leaf extracts as stabilizers, wherein a ratio of polymer to leaf extracts in the stabilized polymeric nanoparticles is in the range of 5:1 (w/v).

2. The stabilized polymeric nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein the leaf extract is obtained from plants selected horn the group consisting of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Ficus palmata and Rubus ellipticus.

3. The stabilized polymeric nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein the polymer is poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA).

4. The stabilized polymeric nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein polymeric nanoparticles are loaded with 7.8% to 15.6% curcumin.

5. The stabilized polymeric nanoparticles of claim 4, having increased solubility of 13±5 folds and photo-stability of 22±7.5%.

6. The stabilized polymeric nanoparticles of claim 4, having slow and sustained release of curcumin of up to 45% after 4 hours.

7. A process for the synthesis of stabilized PLGA nanoparticles according to claim 3, the process comprising: (a) dissolving freshly crushed leaves in double distilled water (DDW) and boiling up to 30 minutes; (b) cooling the solution to room temperature (25-30° C.) and filtering to obtain a supernatant comprising plant extract; (c) dissolving poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA in acetone under stirring for 2 hours to obtain a PLGA solution; (d) adding the supernatant obtained in (b) to the PLGA solution of (c) and stirring at a temperature from 40° C. to 50° C. for 6 hours to 10 hours, wherein PLGA:plant extract is at a ratio of 5:1 (w/v); and (e) removing acetone and centrifuging at about 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes to collect stabilized PLGA nanoparticles.

8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the leaves are obtained from plants selected from the group consisting of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Ficus palmate, and Rubus ellipticus.

9. The process according to claim 7, further comprising loading curcumin in PLGA nanoparticles by dissolving curcumin along with the PLGA in acetone at a ratio of PLGA to curcumin at 100:5.

10. Curcumin loaded stabilized PLGA nanoparticles synthesized by the process according to claim 9.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] FIG. 1. CSE synthesized PLGA NPs (a) UV-Vis spectra of CSE-PLGA and CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (b) TEM image of CSE-PLGA and CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (c) DLS size and zeta potential of CSE-PLGA NPs and (d) DLS size and zeta potential of CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs

[0074] FIG. 2. BE synthesized PLGA NPs (a) UV-Vis spectra of BE-PLGA and BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (b) TEM image of BE-PLGA and BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (c) DLS size and zeta potential of BE-PLGA NPs and (d) DLS size and zeta potential of BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

[0075] FIG. 3. RE synthesized PLGA NPs (a) UV-Vis spectra of RE-PLGA and RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (b) TEM image of RE-PLGA and RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (c) DLS size and zeta potential of RE-PLGA NPs and (d) DLS size and zeta potential of RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

[0076] FIG. 4. FE synthesized PLGA NPs (a) UV-Vis spectra of FE-PLGA and FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (b) TEM image of FE-PLGA and FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, (c) DLS size and zeta potential of FE-PLGA NPs and (d) DLS size and zeta potential of FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

[0077] FIG. 5. HPLC calibration curve of pure CURCU.

[0078] FIG. 6. HPLC results of in vitro % cumulative release profile for CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs, RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs and FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs at different time interval

[0079] FIG. 7. Graph for % photodegradibility of pure CURCU and CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

[0080] FIG. 8. Graph for solubility (mg/ml) of pure CURCU and CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs in double distilled water

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0081] The present invention describes the optimization of nanoprecipitation process for the synthesis of poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata. Leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata were prepared by dissolving 40 g of leaves of each plant (Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus, and Ficus palmata) in 500 ml of distilled water respectively. The solution was boiled for ˜30 minutes. The above solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered through Whatman®-42 filter paper. The supernatant was termed as extract (Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata for the respective cases) and used for poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles synthesis.

[0082] In accordance to the first objective of the invention, the present invention describes the synthesis of blank poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata by nanoprecipitation process.

[0083] Another aspect of the present invention deals with the method of preparing PLGA NPs using leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata by nanoprecipitation method comprising: (a) formation of a solution involving an organic solvent and poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) polymer and stirring the solution, (b) formation of another solution comprising of leaf extracts, (c) forming a solution by adding second solution to the first solution, (d) stirring the mixture on stirrer for 24 hours and finally (e) centrifugation at 13500 rpm for 20 minutes at 10° C. to recover NPs.

[0084] The present invention also describes, method for producing poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using leaf extracts, and the organic solvent used is 10 ml acetone for all the formulations which was completely removed afterwards.

[0085] In yet another aspect of the present invention, method for producing poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles is described where the leaf extracts used in step (b) are 20 ml of leaf extracts selected from Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata. Four formulations of poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles have been prepared and the extract concentration used is 8% (w/v).

[0086] In still another aspect of the present invention, method for producing blank poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata is described, the poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) content used in step (a) is 100 mg.

[0087] In accordance with the second objective, the present invention described detailed method for the synthesis of four formulations of curcumin loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata.

[0088] Yet another aspect of the present invention deals with the method of preparing curcumin loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata by nanoprecipitation method comprising: (a) formation of a solution comprising an organic solvent, poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), and curcumin and stirring the solution, (b) formation of another solution comprising of leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata, (c) forming a solution by adding second solution to the first solution, (d) stirring the mixture on stirrer for 24 hours and finally (e) centrifugation at 13500 rpm for 20 minutes at 10° C. to recover nanoparticles.

[0089] In still another aspect of the present invention, method for producing curcumin loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata is described, the poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), curcumin and organic solvent acetone used in step (a) is 100 mg, 5 mg and 10 ml, respectively.

[0090] In yet another aspect of the present invention, 8 formulations of poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles have been characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and high performance liquid chromatography. Detailed information about these formulations are listed in Table 1 and 2.

[0091] In still another aspect, present invention used four curcumin loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) for studying in vitro release profile of curcumin.

[0092] In yet another aspect of the present invention, increased photo-stability of curcumin loaded Camellia sinensis leaf extracts synthesized loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles was checked by high performance liquid chromatography.

[0093] In still another aspect of the present invention, increase in curcumin solubility of curcumin loaded Camellia sinensis leaf extracts synthesized loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles was measured by high performance liquid chromatography.

[0094] In yet another aspect of the present invention, of curcumin loaded Camellia sinensis leaf extracts synthesized loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles showed approximately similar anti-oxidant activity at half curcumin concentration (Table 3)

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Detailed information about the synthesis of blank PLGA and CURCU loaded PLGA NPs. Plant leaf extract DLS Zeta TEM Sample (LE) Acetone CURCU PLGA size potential Size Code (ml) (ml) (mg) (mg) (nm) (mV) (nm) CSE- 20 10 — 100 110 ± 5  −0.32 ± 0.3   68 ± 12 PLGA BE- 20 10 — 100 220.4 ± 15  0.14 ± 0.4 126 ± 21 PLGA RE- 20 10 — 100 127 ± 10 −0.12 ± 0.5  132 ± 26 PLGA FE-PLGA 20 10 — 100 215 ± 17  0.17 ± 0.029 122 ± 11 CSE- 20 10 5 100 161 ± 10 −0.34 ± 0.3   90 ± 10 CURCU- PLGA BE- 20 10 5 100 476.2 ± 20  −36.3 ± 2   116 ± 21 CURCU- PLGA RE- 20 10 5 100 145 ± 5  −0.36 ± 0.03 206 ± 20 CURCU- PLGA FE- 20 10 5 100 327 ± 25 −0.34 ± 0.03 158 ± 42 CURCU- PLGA

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of CSE-CURCU-PLGA, BE- CURCU-PLGA, RE-CURCU-PLGA and FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs calculated on the basis of HPLC calibration curve. Formulation EE (%) Drug loading (%) CSE-CURCU-PLGA 92.6 ± 3 9.8 BE-CURCU-PLGA 98.9 ± 2 8.5 RE-CURCU-PLGA 97.6 ± 2 15.6 FE-CURCU-PLGA 95.4 ± 2 7.8

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 DPPH assay of pure CURCU and CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs Conc. (mg/ml) OD (517 nm) Scavenging activity Pure CURCU (0.25) 0.082 88.5 CSE-CURCU-PLGA 0.084 88.3 (0.049)

EXAMPLES

[0095] The following examples, which include preferred embodiments, will serve to illustrate the practice of this invention, it being understood that the particulars shown are by way of examples and for purpose of illustrative discussion of preferred embodiments of the invention only and are not limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

[0096] Preparation of Camellia sinensis Leaf Extracts

[0097] The Camellia sinensis leaves were collected from CSIR-IHBT, Palampur campus Bharmaat Palampur, Pin—176061, Kangra Himachal Pradesh, located at geographical coordinates 32° 06′18″ N and 76° 33′22″ E and at a height of about 1260 meters above mean sea level. Forty gram freshly crushed leaves of Camellia sinensis were dissolved in 500 ml double distilled water (DDW) and boiled for ˜30 minutes. The above solution was cooled to room temperature (25-30° C.) and filtered through Whatman filter paper and termed as Camellia sinensis leaf extract (CSE). The supernatant was used as such for the synthesis of PLGA NPs.

Example 2

[0098] Preparation of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Leaf Extracts

[0099] The Dendrocalamus hamiltonii leaves were collected from CSIR-IHBT, Palampur campus Bharmaat Palampur, Pin—176061, Kangra Himachal Pradesh, located at geographical coordinates 32° 06′18″ N and 76° 33′22″ E and at a height of about 1260 meters above mean sea level. Forty gram freshly crushed leaves of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii were dissolved in 500 ml double distilled water (DDW) and boiled for ˜30 minutes. The above solution was cooled to room temperature (25-30° C.) and filtered through Whatman filter paper and termed as Dendrocalamus hamiltonii leaf extract (BE). The supernatant was used as such for the synthesis of PLGA NPs.

Example 3

[0100] Preparation of Rubus ellipticus Leaf Extracts

[0101] The Rubus ellipticus leaves were collected from CSIR-IHBT, Palampur campus Bharmaat Palampur, Pin—176061, Kangra Himachal Pradesh, located at geographical coordinates 32° 06′18″ N and 76° 33′22″ E and at a height of about 1260 meters above mean sea level. Forty gram freshly crushed leaves of Rubus ellipticus were dissolved in 500 ml double distilled water (DDW) and boiled for ˜30 minutes. The above solution was cooled to room temperature (25-30° C.) and filtered through Whatman filter paper and termed as Rubus ellipticus leaf extract (RE). The supernatant was used as such for the synthesis of PLGA NPs.

Example 4

[0102] Preparation of Ficus palmata Leaf Extracts

[0103] The Ficus palmata leaves were collected from CSIR-IHBT, Palampur campus Bharmaat Palampur, Pin—176061, Kangra Himachal Pradesh, located at geographical coordinates 32° 06′18″ N and 76° 33′22″ E and at a height of about 1260 meters above mean sea level. Forty gram freshly crushed leaves of Ficus palmata were dissolved in 500 ml double distilled water (DDW) and boiled for ˜30 minutes. The above solution was cooled to room temperature (25-30° C.) and filtered through Whatman filter paper and termed as Ficus palmata leaf extract (FE). The supernatant was used as such for the synthesis of PLGA NPs.

Example 5

Synthesis of Blank PLGA Nanoparticles Using CSEs

[0104] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of CSE was added to the above solution at 5:1 (w/v) and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting CSE-PLGA NPs.

Example 6

Synthesis of Curcumin-PLGA Nanoparticles Using CSEs

[0105] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) and 5 mg curcumin was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of CSE was added to the above solution containing PLGA and curcumin and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

Example 7

Synthesis of Blank PLGA Nanoparticles Using BEs

[0106] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of BE was added to the above solution at 5:1 (w/v) and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting BE-PLGA NPs with a ratio of polymer to leaf extracts is in the range of 5:1 (w/v).

Example 8

Synthesis of Curcumin-PLGA Nanoparticles Using BEs

[0107] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) and 5 mg curcumin was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of BE was added to the above solution containing PLGA and curcumin and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

Example 9

Synthesis of Blank PLGA Nanoparticles Using REs

[0108] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of RE was added to the above solution at 5:1 (w/v) and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting RE-PLGA NPs with a ratio of polymer to leaf extracts is in the range of 5:1 (w/v).

Example 10

Synthesis of Curcumin-PLGA Nanoparticles Using REs

[0109] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) and 5 mg curcumin was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of RE was added to the above solution containing PLGA and curcumin and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

Example 11

Synthesis of Blank PLGA Nanoparticles Using FEs

[0110] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of FE was added to the above solution at 5:1 (w/v) and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting FE-PLGA NPs with a ratio of polymer to leaf extracts is in the range of 5:1 (w/v).

Example 12

Synthesis of Curcumin-PLGA Nanoparticles Using FEs

[0111] Briefly PLGA (100 mg) and 5 mg curcumin was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone and stirred for 2 hours. Twenty ml of FE was added to the above solution containing PLGA and curcumin and the solution was kept under stirring at 40-50° C. for 6-10 hours. The acetone was removed using rotavapor. The solution was centrifuged at 13500 rpm at 10° C. for 20 minutes for collecting FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs.

Example 13

Encapsulation Efficiency of CURCU Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Synthesized Using CSEs, BEs, REs and FEs.

[0112] Encapsulation efficiency of CURCU in CSE-CURCU-PLGA, BE-CURCU-PLGA, RE-CURCU-PLGA and FE-CURCU-PLGA was measured using validated HPLC method. The supernatant solution of all the above NPs was filtered through 0.22 μm filter. The solution was directly injected to HPLC. The reverse phase C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm pore size) was used for HPLC separation. Acetonitrile and water (48:52) were used as mobile phase with flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wavelength was selected as 420 nm. The calibration curve was drawn by preparing different amount of CURCU (0.023-0.75 mg/mL) vs. peak area of eluted peak.

Example 14

Characterization of CURCU-Loaded PLGA NPs

[0113] CSE-PLGA, CSE-CURCU-PLGA, BE-PLGA, BE-CURCU-PLGA, RE-PLGA, RE-CURCU-PLGA, FE-PLGA and FE-CURCU-PLGA were characterized by UV-Vis, TEM and DLS (Table 1, FIG. 1-4).

Example 15

[0114] In Vitro Release Profile of CURCU from CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs

[0115] In vitro release studies of CURCU from CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs was performed by incubating 3.4 mg of CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs in 15 ml of 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.4. At pre-selected times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h), 1.0 mL of sample was taken and lyophilized. This lyophilized solution was dissolved in 100% acetonitrile. The released CURCU was quantified with the help of validated HPLC method.

Example 16

[0116] In Vitro Release Profile of CURCU from BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs

[0117] In vitro release studies of CURCU from BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs was performed by incubating 2.5 mg of BE-CURCU-PLGA NPs in 15 mL of 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.4. At pre-selected times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h), 1.0 mL of sample was taken and lyophilized. This lyophilized solution was dissolved in 100% acetonitrile. The released CURCU was quantified with the help of validated HPLC

Example 17

[0118] In Vitro Release Profile of CURCU from RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs

[0119] In vitro release studies of CURCU from RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs was performed by incubating 2.2 mg of RE-CURCU-PLGA NPs in 15 mL of 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.4. At pre-selected times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h), 1.0 mL of sample was taken and lyophilized. This lyophilized solution was dissolved in 100% acetonitrile. The released CURCU was quantified with the help of validated HPLC.

Example 18

[0120] In Vitro Release Profile of CURCU from FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs

[0121] In vitro release studies of CURCU from FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs was performed by incubating 2.2 mg of FE-CURCU-PLGA NPs in 15 mL of 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.4. At pre-selected times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h), 1.0 mL of sample was taken and lyophilized. This lyophilized solution was dissolved in 100% acetonitrile. The released CURCU was quantified with the help of validated HPLC.

Example 19

Photo-Stability Studies of Pure CURCU and CSE-CURCU-PLGA

[0122] Photo-stability studies were done by incubating 0.03 mg of pure CURCU and 2 mg of CSE-CURCU-PLGA NPs in 1 mL of acetonitrile. The resulting solution was irradiated under laser (633 nm) for half an hour. The % degradation of CURCU was analyzed using HPLC method.

[0123] The study showed 22±7.5% increased photo-stability of CURCU in CSE-CURCU-PLGA over pure CURCU (FIG. 7).

Example 20

Solubility Studies of Pure CURCU and CSE-CURCU-PLGA in Double Distilled Water

[0124] Solubility study was performed by incubating 2 mg of pure CURCU and CSE-CURCU-PLGA in 2 ml of double distilled water. Amount of dissolved CURCU in water was analyzed using HPLC method.

[0125] The study showed 13±5 folds increased solubility of CURCU in CSE-CURCU-PLGA over pure CURCU (FIG. 8).

Advantages

[0126] (1) The use of leaf extracts of plants viz., Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata will reduce the toxicity concerns associated with the PLGA nanoparticles. [0127] (2) The use of leaf extracts will reduce the cost of synthesis of PLGA NPs by nanoprecipitation method. [0128] (3) The plants viz., Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Rubus ellipticus and Ficus palmata have medicinal importance which will enhance the therapeutic importance of the synthesized PLGA NPs. [0129] (4) Plant leaf synthesized PLGA NPs are stable. [0130] (5) The described process can be used for the encapsulation of many other medicinally important molecules. [0131] (6) Plant leaf extract synthesized PLGA NPs can be used for slow and sustained release of other antioxidant molecules. [0132] (7) Aqueous solubility and photo-stability of curcumin was increased.