CALIBRATION OBJECT FOR AN X-RAY SYSTEM

Abstract

Disclosed is a calibration object for an x-ray system and an optical system, the calibration object comprising: a first part made of a first material having a matte surface, the first material having a first attenuation coefficient of x-rays; a second part made of a second material having a second attenuation coefficient of x-rays different from the attenuation coefficient of the first material; wherein the first part is attached to the second part so that one or more features are detectable by one or more optical cameras.

Claims

1. A calibration object for an x-ray system and an optical system, the calibration object comprising: a first part made of a first material having a matte surface, the first material having a first attenuation coefficient of x-rays; a second part made of a second material having a second attenuation coefficient of x-rays different from the attenuation coefficient of the first material; wherein the first part is attached to the second part so that one or more features are detectable by one or more optical cameras.

2. The calibration object according to claim 1, wherein the second material comprises a glass substrate.

3. The calibration object according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is between 2 mm and 10 mm, preferably around 4 mm.

4. The calibration object according to claim 2, wherein the glass substrate is coated with diamond like carbon.

5. The calibration object according to claim 1, wherein the first material comprises perforated sheet metal.

6. The calibration object according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the sheet metal is between 100 and 200 microns, preferably around 150 microns.

7. The calibration object according to claim 5, wherein the surface of the sheet metal is flash-etched.

8. The calibration object according to claim 5, wherein the sheet metal is glued onto the glass substrate.

9. The calibration object according to claim 5, wherein the perforations in the sheet metal are filled with epoxy or polyurethane glue.

10. The calibration object according to claim 9, wherein the epoxy or polyurethane glue is black.

11. The calibration object according to claim 1, wherein the difference in attenuation coefficients of x-rays between the first material and the second material is selected to provide a contrast of at least 0.1.

12. A scanning system comprising: an x-ray source and an x-ray sensor; one or more optical cameras; a calibration object according to claim 1.

13. A method of manufacturing a calibration object for an x-ray system, the method comprising the steps of: flash-etching a perforated metal sheet; and laminating or gluing the perforated metal sheet on a glass substrate.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein holes in the perforated metal sheet are filled with epoxy or polyurethane glue after the perforated sheet metal has been glued or laminated on the glass substrate.

15. The method according to claim 14, the method further comprising the steps of: grinding the surface of the calibration object after the holes in the perforated metal sheet are filled; and lapping the surface of the calibration object.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The above and/or additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention, will be further described by the following illustrative and non-limiting detailed description of embodiments of the present invention, with reference to the appended drawing(s), wherein:

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a calibration object according to a first embodiment of this disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 2 shows a calibration object according to a second embodiment of this disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 3 shows a frame for calibration objects according to embodiments of this disclosure which may be used to attach the calibration object to an x-ray system.

[0033] FIG. 4 shows a CBCT system according to embodiments of this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which show by way of illustration how the invention may be practiced.

[0035] An embodiment of this disclosure is shown in FIG. 1. This embodiment shows a calibration object 100 for an x-ray system and any associated optical systems. The calibration object comprises a first part 110 having a matte surface. The first part 110 has holes 115. The first part 110 may be for example a perforated sheet of metal, such as steel. The first part 110 should have a matte surface. This ensures that the surface of the first part can be more easily detected by optical cameras, since it diminishes or eliminates the risk of specular reflection. If the first part 110 is made of metal such as steel, one advantageous way to achieve the matte surface is by flash-etching the metal sheet. The calibration object further comprises a second part 120, which may be for example a glass substrate. Of particular importance is the fact that the first and second parts are made of materials having different attenuation coefficients for x-rays, so that the calibration object can be used for calibrating the x-ray system. The glass substrate may comprise a coating 130. This coating may be for example diamond like carbon or thin black chromium, using well known lithographic processes which provides a very high accuracy. The coating is important to provide contrast in the calibration object, so that the position of the holes 115 can be more easily identified by optical cameras. The coating should preferably also be matte. The first part 110 may be attached to the second part 120 using glue/adhesive film 140. Using a glue has the advantage of being simple, although there is a possibility of glue being pushed out into the opening 115, thereby partly obscuring the coating 130. It may be easier to construct an adhesive film with holes corresponding to the holes in the metal part 110, but it may be more difficult to avoid the film being placed slightly inaccurately so that part of the adhesive film obscures the holes 115. One way of avoiding this, may be to create the adhesive film with holes having a larger size than the holes 115 in the first part 110.

[0036] Another embodiment of the disclosure is shown in FIG. 2. The calibration object 200 again comprises a first part 210 and a second part 220. Here, the first part 210 may again be for example a perforated sheet of metal such as steel. The second part 220 may again be a glass substrate. It is important that the first part 210 and the second part 220 are made of materials having different attenuation coefficients for x-rays, so that the calibration object can be used to calibrate an x-ray system. The first part 210 and the second part 220 may be attached to each other using for example glue or an adhesive film. In this embodiment, the holes 215 in the first part 210 are filled in using for example black epoxy 250. The black epoxy has a large optical contrast to the second part, so that filled in holes have a much more well defined edge for the optical systems to calibrate on. After filling the holes with epoxy, the surface of the calibration object may be grounded and/or lapped. This will create a smooth and matte surface.

[0037] For both embodiments, the accuracy of the placement of the holes or dots in the calibration object comes from glass masters used for photoetching the metal plates. These masters are made using known lithographical processes having high resolution and accuracy, which translates into a very accurate calibration object.

[0038] FIG. 3 shows a frame 300 for calibration objects according to this disclosure. The calibration object 100, 200 as described above, needs to be put in a frame 300 so that the calibration object can be placed in the x-ray scanning system. The frame may comprise a frame piece 301 made of a material such as plastic which allows x-rays to pass through it. The frame may also comprise a handle 302 and fastening means 304 such as screws. The frame may further comprise a cover 303, made for example from a clear see through plastic.

[0039] FIG. 4 shows an x-ray system 400 according to embodiments of this disclosure. The x-ray system may be for example a panoramic or cephalometric x-ray scanner, or as shown in this case, a cone beam computed tomography scanner. The x-ray system comprises an x-ray source 401, an x-ray sensor 402 and one or more optical cameras 403. The calibration object as described above can then be placed in the imaging volume of the x-ray system as well as optical systems such as a face scanner or motion compensation system.

[0040] Although some embodiments have been described and shown in detail, the invention is not restricted to them, but may also be embodied in other ways within the scope of the subject matter defined in the following claims. In particular, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0041] In device claims enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims or described in different embodiments does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0042] A claim may refer to any of the preceding claims, and “any” is understood to mean “any one or more” of the preceding claims.

[0043] The term “obtaining” as used in this specification may refer to physically acquiring for example medical images using a medical imaging device, but it may also refer for example to loading into a computer an image or a digital representation previously acquired.

[0044] It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.

[0045] The features of the method described above and in the following may be implemented in software and carried out on a data processing system or other processing means caused by the execution of computer-executable instructions. The instructions may be program code means loaded in a memory, such as a RAM, from a storage medium or from another computer via a computer network. Alternatively, the described features may be implemented by hardwired circuitry instead of software or in combination with software.

EMBODIMENTS

[0046] 1. A calibration object for an x-ray system and an optical system, the calibration object comprising: [0047] a first part made of a first material having a matte surface, the first material having a first attenuation coefficient of x-rays; [0048] a second part made of a second material having a second attenuation coefficient of x-rays different from the attenuation coefficient of the first material; [0049] wherein the first part is attached to the second part so that one or more features are detectable by one or more optical cameras.

[0050] 2. The calibration object according to embodiment 1, wherein the difference in attenuation coefficients of x-rays between the first material and the second material is selected to provide a contrast of at least 0.1.

[0051] 3. The calibration object according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the second material comprises a glass substrate.

[0052] 4. The calibration object according to embodiment 3, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is between 2 mm and 10 mm, preferably around 4 mm.

[0053] 5. The calibration object according to any one or more of embodiments 3-4, wherein the glass substrate has a black surface.

[0054] 6. The calibration object according to any of embodiments 3-5, wherein the glass substrate is coated with diamond like carbon.

[0055] 7. The calibration object according to any of embodiments 3-5, wherein the glass substrate is coated with a black chromium coating.

[0056] 8. The calibration object according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first material comprises perforated sheet metal.

[0057] 9. The calibration object according to embodiment 8, wherein the thickness of the sheet metal is between 50 microns and 1 mm.

[0058] 10. The calibration object according to embodiment 8-9, wherein the thickness of the sheet metal is between 100 and 200 microns, preferably around 150 microns.

[0059] 11. The calibration object according to any one or more of embodiments 8-10, wherein the sheet metal is made of steel.

[0060] 12. The calibration object according to any one or more of embodiments 8-11, wherein the surface of the sheet metal is flash-etched.

[0061] 13. The calibration object according to any one or more of embodiments 8-12, wherein the sheet metal is glued onto the glass substrate.

[0062] 14. The calibration object according to any one or more of embodiments 8-12, wherein the sheet metal is laminated on the glass substrate using an adhesive foil.

[0063] 15. The calibration object according to any one or more of embodiments 8-14, wherein the perforations in the sheet metal are filled with epoxy or polyurethane glue.

[0064] 16. The calibration object according to the previous embodiment, wherein the epoxy or polyurethane glue is black.

[0065] 17. The calibration object according to embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the surface of the calibration is ground and/or lapped.

[0066] 18. A scanning system comprising: [0067] an x-ray source and an x-ray sensor; [0068] one or more optical cameras; [0069] a calibration object according to any of embodiments 1-18.

[0070] 19. A method of manufacturing a calibration object for an x-ray system, the method comprising the steps of: [0071] flash-etching a perforated metal sheet; and [0072] laminating or gluing the perforated metal sheet on a glass substrate.

[0073] 20. The method according to embodiment 19, wherein the holes in the perforated metal sheet are filled with epoxy or polyurethane glue after the perforated sheet metal has been glued or laminated on the glass substrate.

[0074] 21. The method according to the previous embodiment, the method further comprising the steps of: [0075] grinding the surface of the calibration object after the holes in the perforated metal sheet are filled; and [0076] lapping the surface of the calibration object.