Battery pack for a distress beacon

Abstract

A battery pack includes a plurality of electrical energy storage cells positioned in a parallel layout in a protective casing. The protective casing has a peripheral wall and is closed at two opposite ends by a lid. Each of the lids has at least one venting hole for gases that that can form inside the protective casing, and at least one layer of metallic material, through which the gases are intended to flow, is disposed between the internal face of each of the lids and the cells.

Claims

1. A battery pack comprising: a protective casing comprising a peripheral wall and being closed at first and second opposite ends by a lid, wherein each of the lids comprises at least one venting hole for gases that that can form inside the protective casing; a plurality of electrical energy storage cells positioned in a parallel layout in the protective casing; and at least one layer of metallic material, through which the gases are intended to flow, is disposed between an internal face of each of the lids and the plurality of electrical energy storage cells, wherein each lid carries, on its internal face, at least one wall in the form of a baffle defining an indirect path of flow of the gases towards at least one of the at least one venting hole.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the protective casing comprises several reception housings, each for receiving a cell of the plurality of electrical energy storage cells.

3. The battery pack according to claim 2, wherein partition walls made of plastic extend within the protective casing between the reception housings of neighboring ones of the plurality of electrical energy storage cells.

4. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein said at least one layer of metallic material takes the form of a network of metal wires or of a metallic foam.

5. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the lids are reversibly affixed to said protective casing.

6. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrical energy storage cells are cells composed of lithium.

7. The battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising at least one layer of electrically insulating material disposed between said at least one layer of metallic material and the plurality of electrical energy storage cells.

8. A distress beacon comprising a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises: a protective casing comprising a peripheral wall and being closed at first and second opposite ends by a lid, wherein each of the lids comprises at least one venting hole for gases that that can form inside the protective casing; a plurality of electrical energy storage cells positioned in a parallel layout in the protective casing; and at least one layer of metallic material, through which the gases are intended to flow, is disposed between an internal face of each of the lids and the plurality of electrical energy storage cells, wherein each lid carries, on its internal face, at least one wall in the form of a baffle defining an indirect path of flow of the gases towards at least one of the at least one venting hole.

9. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the baffle prevents direct exit of the gases and increases their exit travel path towards the at least one venting hole.

10. The distress beacon according to claim 8, wherein the baffle prevents direct exit of the gases and increases their exit travel path towards the at least one venting hole.

Description

LIST OF FIGURES

(1) The invention as well as its different advantages will be understood more easily from the following description of an embodiment of this invention, given by way of a simple illustratory and non-exhaustive example and from the appended figures, of which:

(2) FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 is a view in perspective or three-quarter view of the battery pack of FIG. 1, partially assembled;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic view in section of the battery pack of FIG. 1, and

(5) FIG. 4 is a view in perspective or three-quarter view of the battery pack of FIG. 1, once it has been assembled.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack according to the invention.

(7) The battery pack 1 comprises a plurality of cylindrical, electrochemical cells 20 and a rigid and waterproof protective casing 13 in which the plurality of cells 20 is positioned according to a parallel layout.

(8) Partition walls 132 are positioned between the neighboring cells 20.

(9) The plastic casing 13 for receiving cells 20 is plugged in a tightly sealed manner, at its two opposite ends, by two closing lids 11.

(10) At least one plate or layer 12 formed by an electrically insulating material permeable to fumes, such as polyamide foam (PA), is disposed between each lid 11 and the plurality of cells 20.

(11) These cells 20 are made of lithium and are for example non-rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li—S) or lithium-manganese dioxide (Li—MnO.sub.2) or lithium-thionyl chloride (Li—SOCl.sub.2) cells.

(12) Screws 16 and nuts 15 affix the lids 11 and the plates 12 to the casing 13.

(13) At least one layer or plate 14 of metallic material is disposed between each lid 11 and the corresponding insulating plate 12.

(14) Each lid 11 has holes 111 for the venting or exhaust of hot gases, that can form within the casing during thermal runaway of a cell 20, from the interior towards the exterior of the casing 13.

(15) Each lid comprises, on its inner face, metal walls or plates 21 forming baffles that prevent a direct exit of the gases and increase their exit path through the metal lattices forming the plate 14.

(16) As can be seen in FIG. 2, the protective casing 13 comprises a peripheral wall 133 and several tubular housings 131 for receiving a cell 20.

(17) The cells 20 are connected to each other in parallel or in series so as to create an electrical generator of desired voltage and capacity.

(18) The casing 13 is made of plastic and the cells 20 are cells comprising lithium.

(19) In this FIG. 2, the casing 13 is represented without the closing lids 11, without the metal plates 14 and without the insulating plates 12.

(20) By way of an example, the width of the casing 13 is 95 mm, the height of the casing 13 is 64 mm (69 mm with the screws) and the thickness is equal to 44.5 mm.

(21) In FIG. 4, the battery pack 1 is assembled. In this figure, portions of the plate 14 made of metallic material can be seen through the holes 111 of the lid 11.

(22) As illustrated in FIG. 3, the casing 13 has an internal structure that defines a path to make the thermal runaway gases circulate from a battery cell 20 to the exterior of the casing 13.

(23) As emphasized here above, the plate 4 is permeable to the passage of fumes and comprises a mass of metallic material to absorb the heat in order to extinguish the flames that can appear during such thermal runaway.

(24) Arrows F1 to F3 represent the path of flow for the discharging of hot gases from the interior of the casing 13, the hot gases escaping from the interior of the casing 13 to the exterior in passing by the plate 14.

(25) When the cell referenced 20 of the plurality of cells goes into thermal runaway, it emits hot ignited gases (arrow F1) and the pressure within the casing 13 rises.

(26) These ignited gases are directed through the insulating plate 12 and then the plate or layer 14 of metallic material (arrows F2) that takes the form of a network or lattice of metal wires (of the steelwool type) or the form of a metal foam to cool the gases and extinguish the flames.

(27) The gases are then expelled in the form of fumes out of the casing 13 (arrows F3) without any flame going out of the casing 13.

(28) The cells 20 are isolated from each other by plastic partition walls 132 with low thermal conductivity (meeting the reference UL94 standard classifying the flammability of plastic materials) thus preventing thermal runaway in the adjacent cells 20.

(29) Each partition wall 132 is a barrier against the transfer of thermal energy between two cells 20 placed on either side of the wall.

(30) Each partition wall 132 electrically and thermally insulates the cells 20 from one another.

(31) In other words, the partition walls 132 protect the cells against the hot gases vented by a neighboring cell undergoing thermal firing.

(32) To prevent excessively high and critical internal pressure, the exit of fumes through the venting holes 111 is implemented on each side of the battery pack 1.

(33) The solution of the invention enables the cell undergoing thermal runaway to properly vent the hot gases while protecting the rest of the cell in the battery pack 1 against hot gases.

(34) Such a solution prevents the expulsion of liquid and the propagation of flames towards the exterior of the battery pack 1.

(35) The layer 14 of metallic material can have a thickness of 1 to 15 mm for example.