Stabilization system

Abstract

A system for stabilizing a device, comprises: A) a base plate provided comprising a plurality of motors; B) a displaceable mounting plate provided with: i) a plurality of bearing assemblies; ii) one or more sensors for measuring the orientation of said mounting plate; and iii) mounting elements for mounting instruments on said mounting plate; C) a plurality of actuators interconnecting between said mounting plate and said base plate, each actuator comprising; a) a shoulder section pivotally coupled to one of said motors of the base plate; b) an arm section coupled to one of said bearing assemblies of said mounting plate; and c) a mediating bearing assembly connecting between said shoulder and arm sections; and D) a processing unit adapted to receive readings from said sensors, to determine a required state of each arm, and to instruct one or more of said motors to rotate.

Claims

1. A system for stabilizing a device, comprising: a base plate including a plurality of motors; a displaceable mounting plate including: a plurality of bearing assemblies; one or more sensors for measuring an orientation of the displaceable mounting plate; and mounting elements for mounting instruments on the displaceable mounting plate; a plurality of actuators interconnected between the displaceable mounting plate and the base plate, wherein each of the plurality of actuators includes: a shoulder section pivotally coupled to one of the plurality of motors of the base plate; an arm section coupled to one of the plurality of bearing assemblies of the displaceable mounting plate; and a mediating bearing assembly disposed between the shoulder section and the arm section; a processing unit adapted to receive readings from the one or more sensors, to determine a required state of each arm, and to instruct the plurality of motors to rotate; and wherein each of the plurality of bearing assemblies and the mediating bearing assembly comprise: a first ring; a rod connected to an axial bearing and provided with an anchoring ball suitable to be accommodated in said first ring; a second ring connected at its two extremities to said first ring, having an inner shape such that allows it to rotate around said first ring; and connecting elements provided in said first ring and in said second ring, suitable to connect them to additional structures.

2. The system according to claim 1, comprising six actuators the shoulder sections of which are coupled to six motors and the arm sections of which are coupled to six bearing assemblies of the displaceable mounting plate.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors include one or more Inertial Measurement Units.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the base plate further comprises one or more sensors for measuring an orientation of the base plate.

5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more belts and gear assemblies associated with each motor and shoulder section, wherein the one or more belts and gears transfer rotational movement from the motor to the shoulder section associated therewith.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the base plate and displaceable mounting plate are hexagonal.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein an angular position of each shoulder section is monitored and controlled by a rotary encoder.

8. The system according to claim 1, further comprising imaging equipment adapted to obtain images from a point of view of the system.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the mounting elements are configured to mount the device selected from a firearm, an optical device or a lighting device.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit comprises an input module, an output module, and a processing module.

11. The system according to claim 1, further comprising communication circuitry suitable to communicate between the displaceable mounting plate and the base plate either wirelessly or by wired connection.

12. A system for remotely stabilizing a device, comprising: a remote control station comprising: a mobile computational device with a touchscreen; a joystick; a power supply; one or more operation buttons; and communication elements configured to communicate with remote systems; and a system for stabilizing a device including: a base plate including a plurality of motors; a displaceable mounting plate including: a plurality of bearing assemblies; one or more sensors for measuring an orientation of the displaceable mounting plate; and mounting elements for mounting instruments on the displaceable mounting plate; a plurality of actuators interconnected between the displaceable mounting plate and the base plate, wherein each of the plurality of actuators includes: a shoulder section pivotally coupled to one of the plurality of motors of the base plate; an arm section coupled to one of the plurality of bearing assemblies of the displaceable mounting plate; a mediating bearing assembly disposed between the shoulder section and the arm section; and a processing unit adapted to receive readings from the one or more sensors, to determine a required state of each arm, and to instruct one or more of the plurality of motors to rotate, wherein the system for stabilizing the device further comprises communication elements configured to communicate with the remote control station; and wherein each of the plurality of bearing assemblies and the mediating bearing assembly comprise: a first ring; a rod connected to an axial bearing and provided with an anchoring ball suitable to be accommodated in said first ring; a second ring connected at its two extremities to said first ring, having an inner shape such that allows it to rotate around said first ring; and connecting elements provided in said first ring and in said second ring, suitable to connect them to additional structures.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the communication elements of the remote control station comprise a high-frequency receiver and antenna, a low-frequency transceiver and antenna, and an interface for transferring data between said receiver and transceiver and said mobile computational device.

14. A method for stabilizing a device comprising: connecting the device to a system for stabilizing the device, wherein the system includes: a base plate including a plurality of motors; a displaceable mounting plate including: a plurality of bearing assemblies; one or more sensors for measuring an orientation of the displaceable mounting plate; and mounting elements for mounting instruments on the displaceable mounting plate; a plurality of actuators interconnected between the displaceable mounting plate and the base plate, wherein each of the plurality of actuators includes: a shoulder section pivotally coupled to one of the plurality of motors of the base plate; an arm section coupled to one of the plurality of bearing assemblies of the displaceable mounting plate; a mediating bearing assembly disposed between the shoulder section and the arm section; and a processing unit adapted to receive readings from the one or more sensors, to determine a required state of each arm, and to instruct one or more of the plurality of motors to rotate; and wherein each of the plurality of bearing assemblies and the mediating bearing assembly comprise: a first ring; a rod connected to an axial bearing and provided with an anchoring ball suitable to be accommodated in said first ring; a second ring connected at its two extremities to said first ring, having an inner shape such that allows it to rotate around said first ring; and connecting elements provided in said first ring and in said second ring, suitable to connect them to additional structures; determining a required orientation of the device; sensing the current orientation of the device; and comparing the orientation of the device to the required orientation.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the required orientation of the device is determined according to instructions stored in a local memory unit within the system.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the required orientation of the device is determined from instructions received at the system from a remote control station.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein comparison of the orientation of the device to the required orientation comprises: detecting, by the processing unit, a difference between a current orientation of the device and the required orientation; calculating, by the processing unit, a value of the difference and a desired angle for each of the motors; instructing the motors to obtain the desired angles for each of the plurality of motors; and obtaining, by the motors, the desired angles for each of the plurality of motors.

18. The method according to claim 17 wherein obtaining the desired angles by the motors actuates the actuators, such that when the shoulder section of an actuator rotates along with the motor to which it is coupled, the rotation is translated via the mediating bearing assembly of the actuator to planar motion of the arm section of the actuator, and the planar motion is translated to a pulling/pushing planar force applied to the bearing assembly to which the arm section of the actuator is coupled.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the drawings:

(2) FIGS. 1 (A and B) schematically illustrates a conventional Stuart Platform;

(3) FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a stabilization system according to an embodiment of the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a perspective view of an actuator according to an embodiment of the invention;

(5) FIGS. 4 (A and B) schematically illustrate a top and front view (respectively) of a base plate according to an embodiment of the invention;

(6) FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a top view of the base plate with its housing removed;

(7) FIGS. 6 (A and B) schematically illustrate perspective views of a actuator panel;

(8) FIGS. 7 (A and B) schematically illustrate perspective views of a displaceable mounting plate according to an embodiment of the invention;

(9) FIGS. 8 (A and B) schematically illustrate top and bottom views, respectively, of the displaceable mounting plate with its housing removed;

(10) FIGS. 9 (A and B) schematically illustrate perspective views of a remote control station according to an embodiment;

(11) FIG. 10 shows a flowchart describing the process of stabilizing the system, according to an embodiment of the invention;

(12) FIG. 11A schematically illustrates an isometric view of a bearing assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;

(13) FIG. 11B schematically illustrates an isometric view of a bearing assembly according to another embodiment of the invention;

(14) FIG. 11C schematically illustrates an isometric view of a bearing assembly according to yet another embodiment of the invention;

(15) FIG. 12A schematically illustrates an isometric view of an arm assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;

(16) FIG. 12B schematically illustrates an isometric view of an arm assembly according to another embodiment of the invention;

(17) FIG. 12C schematically illustrates an isometric view of an arm assembly according to yet another embodiment of the invention; and

(18) FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a stabilization system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(19) The system comprises a stabilization system, the principle of which is based on a modified Stewart Platform. The system further comprises a plurality of sensors, a processor, and communication elements for communicating between the system and an operator of the system. Each element will now be described in further detail.

(20) The stabilization system of the present invention, similar to a Stewart Platform (and therefore also referred to herein as “Modified Stewart Platform”), comprises a base plate and a displaceable mounting plate interconnected by a plurality of actuators, each of which is capable of being individually adjusted. The base plate comprises a connection element for connecting the base plate to various structures, such as an aerial vehicle, a UAV, a land vehicle, a water vessel, the ground, precision apparatus, or any other mobile or fixed structure. The displaceable mounting plate comprises mounting elements for mounting various instruments on the stabilization system, such as firearms, imaging and other optical devices, lighting devices or any other apparatus that requires stabilization. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a stabilization system 200 according to an embodiment of the invention in which base plate 201 is located above displaceable mounting plate 202. FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a stabilization system 1300 according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which displaceable mounting plate 1302 is located above base plate 1301.

(21) In contrast to the linear actuators of traditional Stewart Platforms, each actuator of the present invention (three of which are indicated by numeral 203 in the figure) comprises two sections: a shoulder section 204 and an arm section 205 that are both made of a rigid material (e.g. metal, metal alloy, reinforced plastic, etc.). FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a perspective view of an actuator 203 according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, one end (i.e. 204a) of the shoulder section 204 of each actuator 203 is coupled to base plate 201 and the other end 204b is connected to a mediating bearing assembly 206. One end (i.e. 205a) of each arm section 205 is coupled via the mediating bearing assembly (206) to the shoulder section 204 of the actuator 203, and the other end 205b is connected to a second bearing assembly 217 coupling the arm section (and therefore the actuator) to the displaceable plate.

(22) An illustrative and non-limitative example of suitable bearing assemblies 206 and 217 is described below, with reference to FIGS. 11A and 11B. As opposed to the spherical bearings known in the art, which also enable movement around three vertical axes, but due to their structure, are only capable of a limited range of movement, the bearing assembly of the invention is designed with a unique structure, resulting in a significantly greater range of movement.

(23) Referring to FIG. 11A, an isometric view of a bearing assembly 1101a is shown, according to an embodiment of the invention. Bearing assembly 1101a comprises a bearing device 1113 and of an axial bearing 1110. Assembly 1101a is capable of moving along three axes: axis X, corresponding to pin 1104a, axis Y, corresponding to pin 1106 and axis Z, corresponding to connecting rod 1109, designed to be vertical to one another and intersect at the same point—the origin located on line 1112 (the origin itself cannot be shown). For each of the three axes there is a component designated to turn around it. The superposition of said rotations results in the full spatial rotational movement of connecting element 1111, which is connected to the extremity of external ring 1102, relative to the origin 1112 at a great range. In bearing assembly 1101a external ring 1102, which is connected to internal ring 1103 by pin 1106 and two bolts 1107 from each side, is designed to turn around axis Y of pin 1106. Internal ring 1103 accommodates anchoring ball 1108 and is connected to it by pin 1104a and by two bolts 1105 from each side. The connections are not limited to bolts and can be of any suitable type known to the skilled person, such as screws or other fasteners. Ball 1108 that is connected integrally to rod 1109, turns around axis X. Axial bearing 1110, located at the extremity of rod 1109, allows rotation around axis Z.

(24) FIG. 11B illustrates a bearing assembly 1101a according to another embodiment of the invention that is similar to bearing assembly 1101a of FIG. 11A, with the difference that instead of pin 1104a that is removed, assembly 1101a of FIG. 11B comprises a fastening element 1104a of FIG. 11B configured to keep and lock the bolt 1105 in place. The other parts, the rotation and the inter relations between the parts of the bearing assembly 1101a of FIG. 11B, as well as its form of use as described hereinabove are all similar to those of bearing assembly 1101a of FIG. 11A. This embodiment affords additional freedom around the Z axis due to the removal of pin 1104.

(25) FIG. 11C illustrates a bearing assembly 1101c according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which fastening element 1104b of FIG. 11B is in the form of a nut 1104c, configured to keep and lock bolt 1105 in place. Axial bearing 1110 is shown as an integral part of the bearing assembly 1101c. Ball 1118 is in the form of a sphere truncated on each of its six sides.

(26) It is clear that the bearing assembly 1101a-c is not limited to the components shown in FIGS. 11A-11C and can be of varied shape and size and may employ different components, such as rods, pins, bearings and the like, to allow to handle different types and intensity of load, and to meet specific requirements needed for any given application.

(27) FIG. 12A is an isometric view of an arm assembly 1201a comprising two bearing assemblies 206a and 217a (which correspond to bearing assembly 1101a of FIG. 11A), and an arm section 205. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 12A, arm section 205 is connected to bearing assembly 1101a at both ends by pins 1202. The connection of arm section 205 to bearing device 1101a grants arm assembly 1201a the ability to move in wide range with many degrees of freedom, to allow reaching a desired unique form required by an application. FIG. 12B is an isometric view of another arm assembly 1201b comprising two bearing assemblies 206b and 217b (which correspond to bearing assembly 1101b of FIG. 11B), the arm section 205 and pins 1202 of FIG. 12A. FIG. 12C shows an isometric view of an arm assembly 1201c according to yet another embodiment of the invention, in which a straightened and enforced arm section 205b is integrated with a bearing assembly 1101c on each of its sides. The shape of arm section 205b allows it to be directly connected to the bearing assemblies without the need of pins (e.g., 1202 in FIGS. 12A and 12B).

(28) It is noted that although the embodiments illustrated in the figures show a base plate and a displaceable plate that are hexagonal and provided with six actuators, a stabilization system according to the present invention is not limited to specific shaped plates, nor is it limited to a specific number of actuators of a specific shape, and can comprise plates of any shape and a plurality of actuators with shoulder and arm sections of any shape.

(29) FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically illustrate a top and front view (respectively) of the base plate 201 of FIG. 1. A connection element (207 in FIG. 4B) is provided on the top side of plate 201 (not shown in FIG. 4A) for connecting the base plate to a desired apparatus (e.g. a drone). Every other side of the hexagonal base plate 201 comprises a plurality of protrusions arranged in panel 214. The broken lines in the figures indicate the space occupied by the panel both inside and outside base plate 201. Each panel comprises two groups of three protrusions each, i.e. axle 208, gear 209, and belt tensioning elements 210. Axles 208 are used as pivots for shoulder sections 204. When coupled to axles 208, shoulder sections 204 are rotated as result of rotation of belts (211 in FIG. 2) that circumscribe gears 209 and shoulder sections 204. Belt tensioning elements 210 are used for maintaining the orbit of belts 211 in course with shoulder sections 204, and for keeping belts 211 tensioned.

(30) FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a top view of the base plate 201 with its housing removed. FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate different perspective views of a control panel 214. A plurality of motors 212 are provided for independently rotating each of gears 209. In result, belts 211 of FIG. 3 (not shown) rotate around their abovementioned orbit, transferring the rotational movement of the motors to shoulder sections 204 that are coupled to the axles 208. The angular position of each shoulder section 204 is monitored and controlled by a rotary encoder 213. Motor drivers 215 are provided for controlling motors 212.

(31) When system 200 is brought up, whether from a former position or by switching it on, each motor is at a specific angle not known to the system 200. In order to detect the initial angle, each motor 212 is further connected to a potentiometer (not shown). By measuring the value of the resistance of the potentiometers, the system is able to detect the initial angle of the motors 212. After this calibration, the motors receive a target angle and rotate thereto in order to rotate a shoulder connected thereto. Rotary encoders 213 are used as feedback for the angles of motors 212 and incremental position (i.e. the number of turns). This configuration allows control of the absolute angle of each of the shoulders.

(32) FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate different perspective views of displaceable mounting plate 202 according to an embodiment of the invention. The surface of plate 202 that faces base plate 201 comprises openings 216 through which arm sections 205 of actuators 203 pass and are coupled to second bearing assemblies 217 (not shown in FIG. 7A). The surface further comprises various mechanical and electrical connection points for connecting various instruments and equipment in between plates 201 and 202, such as imaging equipment (e.g. camera 218) for obtaining images from system 200's point of view, and other instruments that correlate with the stabilization of system 200. The other surface of plate 202 comprises mounting elements 221 for mounting, stabilizing and actuating various instruments on the stabilization system, such as firearms, optical devices, lighting devices or any other device.

(33) It should be noted that the orientation of devices that are mounted on displaceable mounting plate 202 is determined by the orientation of mounting plate 202, since they are fixedly connected to each other, so that by changing the orientation of plate 202, the orientation of the attached device is changed similarly. For example, an instrument that is connected parallel to mounting plate 202 will be kept parallel to plate 202 at all times during the operation of the system. However, if a device is attached to an orientation-adjusting apparatus (e.g. a camera attached to a gimbal) that is connected by mounting elements 221 to plate 202, then the orientation of the device can be different from that of plate 202. However it is obvious that the orientation of the base of the orientation-adjusting apparatus is changed along with plate 202.

(34) FIGS. 8A and 8B schematically illustrate top and bottom views, respectively, of displaceable mounting plate 202 with its housing removed. Plate 202 comprises one or more sensors (e.g. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 219) for measuring orientation, acceleration, attitude and other parameters of the system. Measurements from the sensors are sent to a processing unit 220 for determining the next state of each arm, as will be further explained hereinafter. Processing unit 220 comprises an input module, a processing module and an output module.

(35) Displaceable mounting plate 202 further comprises communications circuitry suitable to communicate with a control element, such as may be for example a hi-frequency transmitter 225, and a low-frequency transceiver 226, each provided with a dedicated antenna 223 and 227 respectively. Other embodiments may comprise, for instance only one transceiver and antenna.

(36) One or more connectors 228 are provided for operating devices mounted on mounting plate 202. Wide field camera 218 is provided in this particular embodiment to deliver an image of the environment surrounding the system to a remote operator. Alternative vision apparatus can be provided instead of camera 218, or the camera can be omitted altogether. Plate 202 further comprises various electronic attachments (e.g. cables, voltage regulators etc.) that are not shown in the figures for the sake of brevity and clarity of the drawings.

(37) Communication between displaceable mounting plate 202 and base plate 201 can be obtained either via a wireless or wired connection between a transmitter and receiver on each plate, as apparent to the skilled person (not shown in the figures).

(38) According to an embodiment of the invention, displaceable mounting plate 202 further comprises a memory unit (not shown) comprising instructions related to the stabilization of system 200 and operation of a device connected thereto. Such instruction might include, for instance, an instruction to keep the mountable plate parallel to the ground at all times regardless of the orientation of the base plate. Other exemplary instructions might be to absorb or resist any motion or force exerted on the displaceable plate 202 from a device connected thereto, or to track a target aim via a camera feedback guidance using image-processing software.

(39) According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, instructions related to the stabilization of system 200 and operation of a device connected thereto may be received from a control station at a location remote from system 200. FIG. 9A schematically illustrates a perspective view of a remote control station 900 according to an embodiment. Control station 900 comprises a mobile computational device (e.g. tablet computer 901 with a touchscreen 902). Operation button 903 is provided for a dedicated operation depending on the use of the system, e.g. a ‘fire’ button in case of a mounted firearm, or a ‘record’ button in case of a camera mounted on the system. Joystick 904 is used to adjust the orientation of the system, as will be explained in detail hereinafter. Carrying rings 905 are provided for attaching control station 900 to a harness.

(40) FIG. 9B schematically illustrates a perspective view of remote control station 900 according to an embodiment of the invention with the tablet computer (901 in FIG. 9A) removed. Communications circuitry suitable to communicate with a system 200 are provided, such as may be for example low frequency transceiver and antenna, 906 and 907 respectively, for sending and receiving data to and from low frequency transceiver and antenna 226 and 227 (shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B). High-frequency receiver and antenna, 908 and 909 respectively, are provided for receiving analog video data from camera 218 or from other imaging devices. A video-to-USB interface 910 is provided for transferring analog video data received from the system 200 to digital data in order to display the data on the touchscreen 902 of the tablet computer 901. USB splitter 911 is provided for enabling attachment of devices other than video-to-USB interface 910 to the tablet computer 901. A power supply (e.g. battery 912) is provided for powering the receiver 908 and other elements in control station 900 that require electric power supply.

(41) According to an embodiment of the invention the operation of system 200 is performed in one of two modes: IMU Lock mode—one or more of the axes is locked (e.g. yaw). This mode contributes to stabilization of the system, for instance in dynamic environments, such as when connected to a sea vessel; and IMU Unlock mode—all of the axes are unlocked and can be adjusted. This mode allows higher precision, for instance in static environments, such as when connected to the ground.

(42) In IMU Lock mode an initial (reference) orientation is measured from the IMU 219 (FIGS. 8A and 8B). When receiving an instruction to change the orientation, a software algorithm running on the processing unit 220 calculates the target orientation and the kinematic correction, i.e. the manipulations of the actuators that are needed in order to bring the initial (reference) orientation to the target orientation.

(43) In IMU Unlock mode the kinematic angles of the system are adjusted directly when an instruction to adjust the orientation is received. The difference is measured between the target orientation and the current kinematic angle (relative to base plate 201), and the kinematic angle of the displaceable plate is changed in order to close the difference.

(44) In both modes (i.e. IMU Lock and IMU Unlock) actuation of the control system joystick adds portions to angles. In IMU Lock portions of angles are added to the reference orientation, and in IMU Unlock portions of angles are added to the kinematic angle of the system.

(45) FIG. 10 is a flowchart schematically describing the process of adjusting motors 212 while stabilizing system 200, according to an embodiment of the invention. At the first stage 1001 data is received from a joystick at the processing unit. At the next stage 1002, processing unit 220 receives measurements from one or more sensors, sensing the orientation of the system (e.g. IMU 219). At the next stage 1003, a difference (error) between the current orientation state and data from the joystick and the IMU value is detected and calculated, and three desired IMU angles are calculated in terms of yaw (φ), pitch (θ) and roll (Ψ) along a predetermined axis of rotation. At the next stage 1004, the values of φ, θ and Ψ are inserted to a circuit capable of calculating the desired angle for each motor 212 using inverse kinematics. At the next stage 1005, the desired motor angles are transmitted from the processing unit 220 to the motor drivers 215. At the next stage 1006 motor drivers 215 instruct the motors 212 the angles that are to be obtained, and at stage 1007 each of motors 212 obtain the desired angles.

(46) When a difference is detected between the current orientation and the desired orientation, e.g. in stage 1003, the angles of the motors are changed resulting in a change in orientation of displaceable plate 202. Therefore the motors are activated either due to change in the joystick data as result of an instruction from the operator, or due to a previous change in the sensor data as result of change in the angle of one or more motors.

(47) Referring now again to FIG. 3, the actuation of an actuator 203 is described in detail. Although the actuation of only one actuator 203 is described, it is obvious that the description applies to each of the plurality of actuators 203 of system 200. The shoulder section 204 of actuator 203 further comprises a gear 224 that is coupled to gear 209 by belt 211, and is configured to rotate along axis 208 when belt 211 is rotated. Accordingly, rotation of gear 209 causes belt 211 to rotate, thereby rotating gear 224 and shoulder section 204 therewith. Rotation of shoulder section 204 is translated to planar motion of arm section 205 via mediating bearing assembly 206. The planar motion of arm section 204 is translated to a pulling/pushing planar force applied to bearing assembly 217 in displaceable mounting plate 202, thereby resulting in planar motion of the area on displaceable mounting plate 202 that actuator 203 is coupled to. It is noted that this description is provided for the embodiment of FIG. 3, which is a simple embodiment useful to illustrate the invention, but which should not be considered to limit it in any way. An actuator according to other embodiments that comprises, for instance, more than one belt or gear assemblies, would be actuated according to the same principle of operation mutatis mutandis.

(48) In an exemplary case, assuming an initial configuration as illustrated in FIG. 3, clockwise rotation of gear 209 would cause clockwise rotation of shoulder section 204 along axle 208, resulting in application of a pulling force upon arm section 205, and consequently upon bearing assembly 217 and plate 202. Similarly, anticlockwise rotation of gear 209 would result in application of a pushing force upon arm section 205, and consequently upon bearing assembly 217 and plate 202.

(49) Referring again to FIG. 13, base plate is connected to a turret 1303 for achieving redundancy and an enlarged yaw range. This configuration is suitable for achieving coarse changes in orientation of a mounted instrument, whereas fine changes may be achieved, as described above, by actuation of the actuators. The base section 1303a of turret 1303 is configured to be connected to various structures and the rotatable section 1303b (to which base plate 1301 is connected) is rotated by a motor inside the turret. Actuators 1304 comprise a shoulder section 1305 and an arm section 1306, and are actuated as described above in context of FIG. 3. In order to support displacement of an instrument connected to plate 1302, and in order to withstand the weight thereof and forces therefrom, massive gear is provided for transferring power from the motors (e.g. 212 in FIG. 6A) to actuators 1304. Displaceable plate 1302 comprises one or more (e.g. IMU 219), and is electrically connected to the base plate 1301.

(50) Although embodiments of the invention have been described by way of illustration, it will be understood that the invention may be carried out with many variations, modifications, and adaptations, without exceeding the scope of the claims.