Coupling member and coupling system, and a method for coupling two modules with each other, and an aircraft

Abstract

A coupling member for coupling modules with each other. The coupling member comprises a coupling portion, which in turn has a coupling rim and at least two hook members disposed on the coupling rim. The coupling portion substantially corresponds in its outer contour to a spherical segment of a sphere with a predetermined spherical radius, wherein the coupling rim represents a circular disk of the spherical segment. In this case, an outer radius of the coupling rim is smaller than or equal to the spherical radius. The at least two hook members, in a lateral view, at least partially follow the outer contour of the spherical cap of the spherical segment. The at least two hook members are engageable with the hook members of a coupling portion of a second coupling member.

Claims

1. A coupling member for coupling two modules with each other, comprising: a coupling portion comprising a coupling rim and at least two hook members disposed on the coupling rim, the coupling portion substantially corresponding in its outer contour to a spherical segment of a sphere with a predetermined spherical radius, the coupling rim representing a circular disk of the spherical segment, and an outer radius of the coupling rim being smaller than or equal to the spherical radius, the at least two hook members, in a lateral view, at least partially following the outer contour of a spherical cap of the spherical segment, the at least two hook members being engageable with the hook members of a coupling portion of a second, identical coupling member, wherein an axis through the center point of the circular disk of the spherical segment and a center point of the sphere forms a rotational axis, and, wherein along the rotational axis from the coupling rim to the at least two hook members, a distance from the outer contour of the coupling portion to the rotational axis decreases in size.

2. The coupling member according to claim 1, wherein the coupling portion has a concave recess which, in a coupled state, corresponds in its shape at least partially to the contour of the spherical cap of a coupled coupling member.

3. The coupling member according to claim 1, wherein the respective hook member has a lower leg and an upper leg disposed thereon, wherein the lower leg is attached to the coupling rim and the respective lower and upper legs are arranged relative to one another such that together they form one hook, respectively, wherein the at least two hook members are disposed in a circular shape around a center point of the coupling rim.

4. The coupling member according to claim 1, wherein the at least two hook members are disposed around the rotation axis so as to be radially spaced apart and rotatable.

5. The coupling member according to claim 4, wherein the coupling portion comprises a locking member, which is displaceable parallel to the rotational axis into the recess and is configured to block a rotation of the hook members of the two modules relative to each other in a coupled state.

6. The coupling member according to claim 1, wherein at least the coupling portion is produced by additive manufacturing.

7. An aircraft with at least one coupling member according to claim 1.

8. A coupling system with a coupling member of a first module and a coupling member of a second module, in each case in accordance with claim 1, wherein in a coupled state, the rotational axes of both coupling members align with each other and the hook members of the coupling member of the first module engage the hook members of the coupling member of the second module and vice versa.

9. The coupling system according to claim 8, wherein in a coupled state, a locking member of at least one coupling member is displaceable parallel to the rotational axis in a direction towards the coupled coupling member, wherein the locking member is configured to block a rotary movement of the coupled coupling member relative to the at least one coupling member.

10. A method for coupling a first and a second modules with each other, wherein each module has a coupling member and each coupling member has a coupling portion comprising a coupling rim and at least two hook members disposed on the coupling rim, the coupling portion substantially corresponding in its outer contour to a spherical segment of a sphere with a predetermined spherical radius, the coupling rim representing a circular disk of the spherical segment, and an outer radius of the coupling rim being smaller than or equal to the spherical radius, the at least two hook members, in a lateral view, at least partially following the outer contour of a spherical cap of the spherical segment, and the at least two hook members being engageable with the hook members of a coupling portion of a second, identical coupling member, and the method comprising the steps: detecting at least one of a distance or a position of a module relative to the other module, depending on the detected distance or position of the modules relative to each other, inserting the hook members of the coupling member of the first module into the recess of the coupling member of the second module and vice versa, rotating the hook members of the coupling member of the first module, relative to the hook members of the coupling member of the second module and vice versa, by a predetermined angle about a rotational axis, depending on the rotation of the hook members, moving at least one locking member of a module linearly along its rotational axis, so that a rotation of the hook members of both modules relative to one another is blocked.

11. A coupling member for coupling two modules with each other, comprising: a coupling portion comprising a coupling rim and at least two hook members disposed on the coupling rim, the coupling portion substantially corresponding in its outer contour to a spherical segment of a sphere with a predetermined spherical radius, the coupling rim representing a circular disk of the spherical segment, and an outer radius of the coupling rim being smaller than or equal to the spherical radius, the at least two hook members, in a lateral view, at least partially following the outer contour of a spherical cap of the spherical segment, the at least two hook members being engageable with the hook members of a coupling portion of a second, identical coupling member, wherein an axis through the center point of the circular disk of the spherical segment and a center point of the sphere forms a rotational axis around which the at least two hook members are disposed so as to be radially spaced apart and rotatable, and wherein the coupling portion comprises a locking member, which is displaceable parallel to the rotational axis into the recess and is configured to block a rotation of the hook members of the two modules relative to each other in a coupled state.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The aspects described above and further aspects, features and advantages of the invention may also be gathered from the examples of the embodiments, which will be described below with reference to the attached drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 is an illustration of a coupling member,

(3) FIGS. 2a, 2b are illustrations of a spherical segment in relation to the coupling member,

(4) FIGS. 3a, 3b show the coupling member with a lock,

(5) FIG. 4 shows the coupled coupling members,

(6) FIG. 5 shows a process sequence,

(7) FIG. 6 shows an aircraft configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(8) Identical reference numerals are used in the Figures for identical or at least similar elements, components or aspects. It is noted that embodiments are described in detail hereinbelow which are merely illustrative and non-limiting.

(9) FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional illustration of a coupling member 2. It may be a part of a module (not shown in FIG. 1) for coupling to other modules therewith. A module may be configured, for example, as an aircraft such as a drone.

(10) FIG. 2a shows a sectional view of a sphere k with a highlighted spherical segment. This illustration serves as a reference for describing the coupling member 2.

(11) The sphere k has a predetermined spherical radius kr. Furthermore, a spherical segment ksg, which comprises a circular disk ks and a spherical cap kh, is depicted in the sphere k. While the sphere k and the spherical segment ksg as such each represent three-dimensional bodies, the circular disk ks is formed as a two-dimensional component of the spherical segment ksg. A disk radius sr is to be considered, in the plane of the circular disk ks, as the distance between the center point of the circular disk ks and the envelope of the sphere k. The spherical cap kh extends as a three-dimensional shape along the envelope of the sphere k to the circular disk ks.

(12) FIG. 2b depicts the coupling member 2 comprising a coupling portion 4 in the sphere k with a predetermined spherical radius kr. The coupling portion 4 has an outer contour corresponding to the spherical segment ksg of the sphere k. Here, the coupling portion 4 is formed of a coupling rim 12 and three hook members 6 disposed thereon. The coupling rim 12 substantially represents the sphere disk ks, and the hook members 6, in a lateral view, extend at least partially along the envelope of the sphere k and thus represent the shape of the spherical cap kh. An outer radius of the coupling rim 12, which also corresponds to the disk radius sr of the circular disk ks of the spherical segment, is smaller than the spherical radius kr. A rotational axis ra extends through the center point of the circular disk ks or of the coupling rim 12 and a center point of the sphere k.

(13) In addition to the coupling portion 4, the coupling member 2 comprises a closure portion 5. The closure portion 5 is mechanically coupled to the coupling portion 4. If the coupling member 2 is rotatably attached to the associated module, the coupling portion 4 can be rotated about the rotational axis ra by means of the closure portion 5.

(14) As shown in FIG. 1, a respective hook member 6 is formed of a lower leg 14 and an upper leg 16. The lower leg 14 is attached to the coupling rim 12. The upper leg 16 is disposed on an end of the lower leg 14 facing away from the coupling rim 12 in such a way that the two legs 14, 16 form a hook. The three hook members 6 are disposed in the shape of a circle around the center point of the coupling rim 12. Furthermore, the hook members 6 have an identical radial distance from the rotational axis ra. The coupling member 2 may have two or more than two hook members 6.

(15) The coupling member 2 further comprises a recess 10 encircled by the hook members 6. The recess 10 has a shape suitable for accommodating the hook members 6′ of a second coupling member 2′. Thus, the recess 10 has an inwardly curved, i.e., concave, shape which is configured for accommodating the outwardly curved and thus convex coupling portion 4′ of the second coupling member 2′ formed by the hook members 6′ (see FIG. 4).

(16) A coupling member 2 configured in this manner represents a genderless or androgynous coupling member, i.e., identically configured coupling members 2 can be coupled to one another.

(17) A coupling member 2 with a locking member 8 is shown in two configurations in FIGS. 3a and 3b. The locking member 8 is disposed centrally in the recess 10 and displaceable along the rotational axis ra. Thus, the locking member 8 is retracted in FIG. 3a, and extended in FIG. 3b. In this context, extended means a linear movement of the locking member 8 parallel to the rotational axis ra in such a way that the locking member 8 at least partially protrudes into the recess 10 of the associated coupling member 2. Then, retracted means a movement parallel to the rotational axis ra in such a way that the locking member 8 does not protrude into the recess of the associated coupling member 2. If, therefore, two coupling members 2, 2′ are in a coupled state (as shown in FIG. 4), i.e., the respective hook members 6, 6′ are interlocked, the respective locking member 8 can be extended. In an extended state, the locking member 8 is configured to block a rotation of the hook members 6, 6′ relative to each other about the rotational axis ra. For this purpose, it is sufficient if the locking member 8 of at least one coupling member 2, 2′ is extended.

(18) In addition, the respective locking member 8 of a coupling member 2 may have power and/or data interfaces. Configured in this manner, the locking members 8, while two modules are being coupled, are able to approach one another with the linear displacement parallel to the rotational axis ra required for locking, in such a way that a power and/or data transmission between the coupled modules is enabled by means of power and/or data interfaces.

(19) FIG. 5 shows a process sequence for coupling two modules with each other. The modules to be coupled each comprise a coupling member 2, 2′. The method may be executed by a control and regulating unit of the respective module, for example. Here, the method is preferably executed in parallel by both modules to be coupled.

(20) The method is started in a step S0. In a step S2, a distance and/or a position of a module relative to the other module is detected. For this purpose, the respective module may have at least one proximity or distance sensor (not shown), by means of which the position and/or the distance can be detected. The distance and/or position of the modules relative to one another are preferably detected in parallel by both modules to be coupled. Depending on the respectively detected distance and/or position, the further steps can thus be executed in parallel by both modules.

(21) In a step S4, depending on the detected distance and/or the detected position of the modules relative to each other, the hook members 6 of the coupling member 2 of the first module are inserted into the recess of the coupling member 2′ of the second module and vice versa.

(22) Ideally, the rotational axes ra of the two modules are identical in this case. Here, the coupling member is configured in such a way that an insertion of the hook members 6, 6′ into the respective recess 10 is possible even in the case of a slight deviation in the alignment of the rotational axes ra relative to one another. The possible deviation in this case depends on the number of the hook members 6, 6′ per coupling member 2, 2′ and the alignment of the hook members 6, 6′ relative to one another prior to insertion. In principle, the deviation in the alignment of the rotational axes ra relative to one another may be assumed to be the bigger the smaller the number of the hook members 6, 6′ of the respective coupling member 2, 2′.

(23) Then, in a step S6, the hook members 6 of the coupling member 2 of the first module are rotated, relative to the hook members 6′ of the coupling member 2′ of the second module and vice versa, by a predetermined angle about the rotational axis ra. It must be ensured in this step, however, that the rotational axes ra of the two coupling members to be coupled are identical as regards their alignment. Otherwise, an interlocking rotation of the hook members 6, 6′ relative to each other is not possible.

(24) Preferably, the respective coupling member 2, 2′ is rotatably attached to the associated module 1, F. In this case, the closure portion 5 of the coupling members 2, 2′ can be acted upon by means of a transmission, for example, in order to rotate the coupling portion 4 by the predetermined angle about the rotational axis ra.

(25) The angle of the necessary rotation about the rotational axis ra until interlock depends on the number of the hook members 6, 6′ per coupling member 2, 2′. In principle, the angle may be assumed to be the bigger the smaller the number of the hook members 6, 6′ of the respective coupling member 2, 2′.

(26) In a step S8, the locking member 8 of at least one module is moved linearly for a predetermined distance parallel to the alignment of the rotational axis ra. In the extended state, the locking member 8 serves as a block of a rotation of the coupling members 2, 2′ relative to each other.

(27) Alternatively, both locking members of the coupled modules may also be extended, whereby an increased reliability of the coupling of the two modules 1, 1′ is provided.

(28) FIG. 4 shows two coupling members 2, 2′ in a coupled state.

(29) With the step S8, the coupling of the two modules 1, 1′ is completed, and the method may be terminated in a step S10.

(30) FIG. 6 shows two drones in an aircraft configuration. In this case, each drone represents a module configured as an aircraft. The respective drone has a triangular shape, with other shapes also being possible in principle, such as hexagonal or rectangular shapes.

(31) Each drone comprises three drive units, respectively, each of which is configured as an electrically driven propeller, for example. In principle, the drone may also have more or fewer drive units. Also, each drone has one coupling member 2, 2′, respectively, on each of its sides.

(32) The two drones can be coupled to each other by means of the coupling members 2, 2′, as shown in FIG. 6. Thus, a drone configuration consisting of two individual drones can be prepared from two separate and mutually independent drones. By means of the option of exchanging power and/or data by means of the energy and/or data interfaces subsequent to coupling, this drone configuration can also be controlled as a single drone.

(33) Alternatively or additionally, more than two drones can be coupled to one another by means of the associated coupling members. In this case, a different function may be assigned to each drone of this new drone configuration. For example, a drone with a drive unit may also be equipped, as a passive module without its own drive unit, with corresponding energy storage devices and thus supply one or more drones with the required power by means of the energy interfaces. Another drone of this configuration may have sensors or control units, for example. And other drones may be configured specially for accommodating or transporting cargo.

(34) Furthermore, each coupling member, in addition to the rotation about the rotational axis required for coupling, may additionally be pivotably attached to the associated module. Taking the drone configuration as an example, some drones may thus also be orientated perpendicularly relative to one another. This is particularly advantageous if the drives as such are configured so as to be pivotable in the respective module, e.g., as pivotable engine pods.

(35) In principle, however, coupling by means of the coupling members is suitable not only for drones, but for any form and design of aircraft.

(36) While the invention was illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the preceding description, such illustrations and descriptions are intended to be illustrative or exemplary only, and not restrictive, so that the invention is not limited by the embodiments disclosed. In the claims, the word “having” does not exclude other elements, and the indefinite article “a” does not exclude a plurality. The fact alone that certain features are mentioned in different dependent claims does not limit the subject matter of the invention. Combinations of these features may also be advantageously used. The reference numerals in the claims are not to limit the scope of the claims.

(37) While the invention was illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the preceding description, such illustrations and descriptions are intended to be illustrative or exemplary only, and not restrictive, so that the invention is not limited by the embodiments disclosed. In the claims, the word “having” does not exclude other elements, and the indefinite article “a” does not exclude a plurality. The fact alone that certain features are mentioned in different dependent claims does not limit the subject matter of the invention. Combinations of these features may also be advantageously used. The reference numerals in the claims are not to limit the scope of the claims.