Multicolor display apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed is a color conversion layer including at least one light emitting material including at least one composite particle surrounded partially or totally by at least one surrounding medium; wherein the light emitting material is configured to emit light in response to an excitation and the at least one composite particle includes a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material; and wherein the inorganic material has a difference of refractive index compared to the at least one surrounding medium superior or equal to 0.02 at 450 nm. Also disclosed is a display apparatus.

Claims

1. A display apparatus, comprising: a backlight unit; and at least one color conversion layer, said at least one color conversion layer comprising at least one light emitting material comprising at least one composite particle surrounded partially or totally by at least one surrounding medium, wherein said at least one light emitting material is configured to emit a secondary light in response to an excitation and the at least one composite particle comprises a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, wherein said inorganic material has a difference of refractive index compared to the at least one surrounding medium superior or equal to 0.02 at 450 nm, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles comprises at least 1% of semiconductor nanoplatelets, wherein a loading charge of the nanoparticles in the at least one composite particle is at least 10%, said loading charge being a mass ratio between a mass of the nanoparticles comprised in the at least one composite particle and a mass of the at least one composite particle, and wherein the backlight unit comprises a light source configured to provide an excitation to the at least one light emitting material.

2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one color conversion layer comprises an array of light emitting material forming an array of pixels.

3. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material limits or prevents the diffusion of outer molecular species or fluids into said inorganic material.

4. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one composite particle in the at least one surrounding medium is configured to scatter light.

5. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the color conversion layer absorbs at least 70% of incident light on a thickness less or equal to 5 μm, wherein the incident light has a wavelength ranging from 370 to 470 nm.

6. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprised in the at least one composite particle are semiconductor nanocrystals comprising a material of formula MxNyEzAw, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; N is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; E is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; and x, y, z and w are independently a decimal number from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not simultaneously equal to 0; x and y are not simultaneously equal to 0; z and w may not be simultaneously equal to 0.

7. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one surrounding medium is optically transparent.

8. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one surrounding medium has a thermal conductivity at standard conditions of at least 0.1 W/(m.Math.K).

9. The display apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one shell comprising a material of formula MxNyEzAw, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; N is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; E is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; and x, y, z and w are independently a decimal number from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not simultaneously equal to 0; x and y are not simultaneously equal to 0; z and w may not be simultaneously equal to 0.

10. The display apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one crown comprising a material of formula MxNyEzAw, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; N is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; E is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; and x, y, z and w are independently a decimal number from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not simultaneously equal to 0; x and y are not simultaneously equal to 0; z and w may not be simultaneously equal to 0.

11. The display apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise 100% of semiconductor nanoplatelets.

12. A display apparatus, comprising: an array of light sources; and at least one color conversion layer, said at least one color conversion layer comprising at least one light emitting material comprising at least one composite particle surrounded partially or totally by at least one surrounding medium, wherein said at least one light emitting material is configured to emit a secondary light in response to an excitation and the at least one composite particle comprises a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, wherein said inorganic material has a difference of refractive index compared to the at least one surrounding medium superior or equal to 0.02 at 450 nm, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles comprises at least 1% of semiconductor nanoplatelets, wherein a loading charge of the nanoparticles in the at least one composite particle is at least 10%, said loading charge being a mass ratio between a mass of the nanoparticles comprised in the at least one composite particle and a mass of the at least one composite particle, and wherein the light sources are configured to provide an excitation to the at least one light emitting material.

13. The display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein each light source of the array of light sources is configured to illuminate and/or excite at least one light emitting material.

14. A display apparatus, comprising: at least one laser source; and at least one color conversion layer, said at least one color conversion layer comprising an array of light emitting material comprising at least one composite particle surrounded partially or totally by at least one surrounding medium, wherein said light emitting material is configured to emit a secondary light in response to an excitation and the at least one composite particle comprises a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, wherein said inorganic material has a difference of refractive index compared to the at least one surrounding medium superior or equal to 0.02 at 450 nm, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles comprises at least 1% of semiconductor nanoplatelets, wherein a loading charge of the nanoparticles in the at least one composite particle is at least 10%, said loading charge being a mass ratio between a mass of the nanoparticles comprised in the at least one composite particle and a mass of the at least one composite particle, and wherein said laser source is configured to provide an excitation for the at least one light emitting material.

15. A display apparatus, comprising: at least one laser source; and at least one color conversion layer, said at least one color conversion layer comprising at least one light emitting material comprising at least one composite particle surrounded partially or totally by at least one surrounding medium, wherein said at least one light emitting material is configured to emit a secondary light in response to an excitation and the at least one composite particle comprises a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, wherein said inorganic material has a difference of refractive index compared to the at least one surrounding medium superior or equal to 0.02 at 450 nm, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles comprises at least 1% of semiconductor nanoplatelets, wherein a loading charge of the nanoparticles in the at least one composite particle is at least 10%, said loading charge being a mass ratio between a mass of the nanoparticles comprised in the at least one composite particle and a mass of the at least one composite particle, and wherein the at least one color conversion layer is deposited onto a solid support to produce images by reflection or backscattering when excited by the at least one laser source.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a composite particle comprising a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.

(2) FIG. 2A illustrates a composite particle comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.

(3) FIG. 2B illustrates a composite particle comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a composite particle comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles and a plurality of 2D nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates a composite particle comprising a core comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, and a shell comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material.

(6) FIG. 5A illustrates a core nanoparticle 33 without a shell.

(7) FIG. 5B illustrates a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle 3 with one shell 34.

(8) FIG. 5C illustrates a core 33/shell (34, 35) nanoparticle 3 with two different shells (34, 35).

(9) FIG. 5D illustrates a core 33/shell (34, 35, 36) nanoparticle 3 with two different shells (34, 35) surrounded by an oxide insulator shell 36.

(10) FIG. 5E illustrates a core 33/crown 37 nanoparticle 32.

(11) FIG. 5F illustrates a sectional view of a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle 32 with one shell 34.

(12) FIG. 5G illustrates a sectional view of a core 33/shell (34, 35) nanoparticle 32 with two different shells (34, 35).

(13) FIG. 5H illustrates a sectional view of a core 33/shell (34, 35, 36) nanoparticle 32 with two different shells (34, 35) surrounded by an oxide insulator shell 36.

(14) FIG. 6A illustrates a light emitting material 7 comprising a surrounding medium 71 and at least one composite particle 1 of the invention comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.

(15) FIG. 6B illustrates a light emitting material 7 comprising a surrounding medium 71; at least one composite particle 1 of the invention comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2; a plurality of particles comprising an inorganic material 21; and a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32.

(16) FIG. 7A illustrates a color conversion layer as described in the invention.

(17) FIG. 7B illustrates a color conversion layer as described in the invention.

(18) FIG. 7C illustrates a light emitting material comprising at least two surrounding media.

(19) FIG. 7D illustrates a light emitting material comprising at least two surrounding media.

(20) FIG. 7E illustrates a color conversion layer comprising three sub-pixels, wherein the first sub-pixel emits a green secondary light (G), the second sub-pixel emits a red secondary light (R), the third sub-pixel is free of light emitting material 7 or inorganic phosphor.

(21) FIG. 8 illustrates a structure of a display apparatus as described in the invention comprising an active matrix to control the light intensity passing through the liquid crystal layer before said light excites a color conversion layer comprising an array of light emitting materials.

(22) FIG. 9 illustrates a structure of a display apparatus as described in the invention comprising an optical enhancement film above the color conversion layer.

(23) FIG. 10 illustrates a structure of a display apparatus as described in the invention comprising a glass substrate.

(24) FIG. 11 illustrates a display apparatus comprising an individual light source for each light emitting material of the array of light emitting materials.

(25) FIG. 12 illustrates a display apparatus comprising at least one laser source and an array of light emitting materials.

(26) FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate a display apparatus comprising at least one color conversion layer deposited onto a solid support.

(27) FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate a color conversion layer comprising an array of light emitting materials surrounded by a surrounding medium.

(28) FIG. 15A is TEM images showing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in SiO.sub.2 (bright contrast—@SiO.sub.2).

(29) FIG. 15B is TEM images showing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in SiO.sub.2 (bright contrast—@SiO.sub.2).

(30) FIG. 15C is TEM images showing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (bright contrast—@Al.sub.2O.sub.3).

(31) FIG. 16A shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of composite particles 1 CdSe/CdZnS@ SiO.sub.2 prepared from a basic aqueous solution and from an acidic solution.

(32) FIG. 16B shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of composite particles 1 CdSe/CdZnS@ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 obtained by heating droplets at 150° C., 300° C. and 550° C.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Inorganic Nanoparticles Preparation

(33) Nanoparticles used in the examples herein were prepared according to methods of the art (Lhuillier E. et al., Acc. Chem. Res., 2015, 48 (1), pp 22-30; Pedetti S. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136 (46), pp 16430-16438; Ithurria S. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 16504-16505; Nasilowski M. et al., Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 10934-10982).

(34) Nanoparticles used in the examples herein were selected in the group comprising CdSe/CdZnS, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

Example 2

Exchange Ligands for Phase Transfer in Basic Aqueous Solution

(35) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with 3-mercaptopropionic acid and heated at 60° C. for several hours. The nanoparticles were then precipitated by centrifugation and redispersed in dimethylformamide Potassium tert-butoxide were added to the solution before adding ethanol and centrifugate. The final colloidal nanoparticles were redispersed in water.

Example 3

Exchange Ligands for Phase Transfer in Acidic Aqueous Solution

(36) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in a basic aqueous solution were mixed with ethanol and centrifugated. A PEG-based polymer was solubilized in water and added to the precipitated nanoplatelets. Acetic acid was dissolved in the colloidal suspension to control the acidic pH.

Example 4

Composite Particles Preparation from a Basic Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2

(37) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in a basic aqueous solution were mixed with a basic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(38) FIG. 15A-B show TEM images of the resulting particles.

(39) FIG. 16A shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of the resulting particles. Said resulting particles are porous.

(40) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(41) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 5

Composite Particles Preparation from an Acidic Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2

(42) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(43) FIG. 16A shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of the resulting particles. Said resulting particles are not porous.

(44) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(45) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 6

Composite Particles Preparation from a Basic Aqueous Solution with Hetero-Elements—CdSe/CdZnS@Si.SUB.x.Cd.SUB.y.Zn.SUB.z.O.SUB.w

(46) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours in presence of cadmium acetate at 0.01M and zinc oxide at 0.01M, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(47) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(48) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 7

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

(49) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(50) FIG. 15C shows TEM images of the resulting particles.

(51) FIG. 16B show N.sub.2 adsorption isotherms for particles obtained after heating the droplets at 150° C., 300° C. and 550° C. Increasing the heating temperature results in a loss of the porosity. Thus particles obtained by heating at 150° C. are porous, whereas the particles obtained by heating at 300° C. and 550° C. are not porous.

(52) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(53) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(54) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with ZnTe, SiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnSe, TiO.sub.2, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(55) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 8

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—InP/ZnS@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

(56) 4 mL of InP/ZnS nanoparticles suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 400 mL of heptane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(57) The same procedure was carried out by replacing InP/ZnS nanoparticles with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(58) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(59) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(60) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 9

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CH.SUB.5.N.SUB.2.—PbBr.SUB.3.@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

(61) 100 μL of CH.sub.5N.sub.2—PbBr.sub.3 nanoparticles suspended in hexane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of hexane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(62) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(63) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 10

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS—Au@SiO.SUB.2

(64) On one side, 100 μL of gold nanoparticles and 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a GaN substrate. The GaN substrate with the deposited composite particles was then cut into pieces of 1 mm×1 mm and electrically connected to get a LED emitting a mixture of the blue light and the light emitted by the fluorescent nanoparticles.

(65) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(66) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(67) The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(68) The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 11

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—Fe.SUB.3.O.SUB.4.@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3.—CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2

(69) On one side, 100 μL of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours. On another side, 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of heptane, then loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first aqueous solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter. The composite particles comprise a core of silica containing Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles and a shell of alumina containing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets.

(70) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(71) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(72) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or SiO.sub.2 with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(73) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or SiO.sub.2 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 12

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdS/ZnS Nanoplatelets@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

(74) 4 mL of CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 400 mL of heptane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(75) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(76) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(77) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(78) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 13

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—InP/ZnS@SiO.SUB.2

(79) 4 mL of InP/ZnS nanoparticles suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(80) The same procedure was carried out by replacing InP/ZnS nanoparticles with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, InP/CdS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(81) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(82) The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with Al.sub.2O.sub.3, HfO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(83) The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 14

Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution, Followed by a Treatment of Ammonia Vapors—CdSe/CdZnS@ZnO

(84) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with zinc methoxyethoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. On another side, an ammonium hydroxide solution was loaded on the same spray-drying system, between the tube furnace and the filter. The two first liquids were sprayed while the third one was heated at 35° C. by an external heating system to produce ammonia vapors, simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(85) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(86) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(87) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with SiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

(88) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 15

Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution, Followed by an Extra Shell Coating—CdSe/CdZnS@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3.@MgO

(89) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with zinc methoxyethoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were directed towards a tube where an extra MgO shell was coated at the surface of the particles by an ALD process, said particles being suspended in the gas. The particles were finally collected on the inner wall of the tube where the ALD was performed.

(90) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(91) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 16

Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS—Fe.SUB.3.O.SUB.4.@SiO.SUB.2

(92) On one side, 100 μL of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles and 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(93) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(94) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 17

Core/Shell Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—Au@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3 .in the Core and CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2 .in the Shell

(95) On one side, 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, 100 μL of Au nanoparticles suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of heptane, then loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first aqueous solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were collected at the surface of a filter. The particles comprise a core of alumina containing gold nanoparticles and a shell of silica containing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets.

(96) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(97) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 18

Composite Particles Preparation—Phosphor Nanoparticles@SiO.SUB.2

(98) Phosphor nanoparticles were suspended in a basic aqueous solution were mixed with a basic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(99) Phosphor nanoparticles used for this example were: Yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles (YAG, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12), (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu nanoparticles, ((Y,Gd).sub.3(Al,Ga).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN.sub.3:Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS:Mn.sup.4+ nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).

Example 19

Composite Particles Preparation—Phosphor Nanoparticles@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

(100) Phosphor nanoparticles were suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 400 mL of heptane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(101) Phosphor nanoparticles used for this example were: Yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles (YAG, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12), (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu nanoparticles, ((Y,Gd).sub.3(Al,Ga).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN.sub.3:Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS:Mn.sup.4+ nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).

Example 20

Composite Particles Preparation—CdSe/CdZnS@HfO.SUB.2

(102) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane (10 mg/mL) were mixed with Hafnium n-butoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. Composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(103) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(104) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 21

Composite Particles Preparation—Phosphor Nanoparticles@HfO.SUB.2

(105) 1 μm of phosphor nanoparticles (cf. list below) suspended in heptane (10 mg/mL) were mixed with hafnium n-butoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The resulting particles phosphors particles@HfO.sub.2 were collected at the surface of a filter.

(106) Phosphor nanoparticles used for this example were: Yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles (YAG, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12), (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu nanoparticles, ((Y,Gd).sub.3(Al,Ga).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN.sub.3:Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS:Mn.sup.4+ nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).

Example 22

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organometallic Precursor

(107) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with an organometallic precursor selected in the group below in pentane under controlled atmosphere, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated from room temperature to 300° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(108) The procedure was carried out with an organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: Al[N(SiMe.sub.3).sub.2].sub.3, trimethyl aluminium, triisobutylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, dimethyl aluminium, trimethyl zinc, dimethyl zinc, diethylzinc, Zn[(N(TMS).sub.2].sub.2, Zn[(CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N].sub.2, Zn(Ph).sub.2, Zn(C.sub.6F.sub.5).sub.2, Zn(TMHD).sub.2(β-diketonate), Hf[C.sub.5H.sub.4(CH.sub.3)].sub.2(CH.sub.3).sub.2, HfCH.sub.3(OCH.sub.3)[C.sub.5H.sub.4(CH.sub.3)].sub.2, [[(CH.sub.3).sub.3Si].sub.2N].sub.2HfCl.sub.2, (C.sub.5H.sub.5).sub.2Hf(CH.sub.3).sub.2, [(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2N].sub.4Hf, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N].sub.4Hf, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N].sub.4Hf, [(CH.sub.3)(C.sub.2H.sub.5)].sub.4Hf, [(CH.sub.3)(C.sub.2H.sub.5)N].sub.4Hf, 2,2′,6,6′-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione zirconium (Zr(THD).sub.4), C.sub.10H.sub.12Zr, Zr(CH.sub.3C.sub.5H.sub.4).sub.2CH.sub.3OCH.sub.3, C.sub.22H.sub.36Zr, [(C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2N].sub.4Zr, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N].sub.4Zr, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N].sub.4Zr, Zr(NCH.sub.3C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.4, Zr(NCH.sub.3C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.4, C.sub.18H.sub.32O.sub.6Zr, Zr(C.sub.8H.sub.15O.sub.2).sub.4, Zr(OCC(CH.sub.3).sub.3CHCOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3).sub.4, Mg(C.sub.5H.sub.5).sub.2, or C.sub.20H.sub.30Mg, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

(109) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(110) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(111) The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with ZnO, MgO, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2. The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof.

(112) The same procedure was carried out by replacing the aqueous solution with another liquid or vapor source of oxidation.

Example 23

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organometallic Precursor—CdSe/CdZnS@ZnTe

(113) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with two organometallic precursors selected in the group below in pentane under inert atmosphere then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated from RT to 300° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(114) The procedure was carried out by with a first organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: dimethyl telluride, diethyl telluride, diisopropyl telluride, di-t-butyl telluride, diallyl telluride, methyl allyl telluride, or dimethyl sulfur, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

(115) The procedure was carried out by with a second organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: dimethyl zinc, trimethyl zinc, diethylzinc, Zn[N(TMS).sub.2].sub.2, Zn[(CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N].sub.2, Zn(Ph).sub.2, Zn(C.sub.6F.sub.5).sub.2, or Zn(TMHD).sub.2 (β-diketonate), or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

(116) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS2/ZnS, CuInSe2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(117) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(118) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnTe with ZnS or ZnSe, or a mixture thereof.

(119) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnTe with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof.

Example 24

Composite Particles Preparation from an Organometallic Precursor—CdSe/CdZnS@ZnS

(120) 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with an organometallic precursor selected in the group below in pentane under inert atmosphere, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, a vapor source of H.sub.2S was inserted in the same spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated from RT to 300° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

(121) The procedure was carried out with an organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: dimethyl zinc, trimethyl zinc, diethylzinc, Zn[(N(TMS).sub.2].sub.2, Zn[CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N].sub.2, Zn(Ph).sub.2, Zn(C.sub.6F.sub.5).sub.2, Zn(TMHD).sub.2 (β-diketonate), or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

(122) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

(123) The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

(124) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnS with ZnSe or ZnTe, or a mixture thereof.

(125) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnS with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof.

(126) The same procedure was carried out by replacing H.sub.2S with H.sub.2Se, H.sub.2Te or other gas.

Example 25

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(127) Blue emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were blue, green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the UV light from a light source.

(128) The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, MgO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(129) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(130) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(131) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 26

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(132) Green emitting core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets and red emitting core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(133) The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, MgO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(134) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(135) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(136) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 27

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(137) Green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in a zinc oxide matrix and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(138) The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with a resin, silicone, MgO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(139) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(140) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(141) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 28

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(142) Green emitting composite particles comprising a core with gold nanoparticles encapsulated in SiO.sub.2 and a shell with core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(143) The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, MgO, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(144) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(145) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(146) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 29

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(147) Green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated in SiO.sub.2, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated in SiO.sub.2 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(148) The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, MgO, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(149) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(150) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(151) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 30

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(152) Green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in SiO.sub.2, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnSe/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in SiO.sub.2 were dispersed separately in a resin matrix and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 3 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(153) The same procedure was carried out by replacing the resin with silicone, ZnO, MgO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(154) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(155) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(156) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 31

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(157) Green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSeS/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(158) The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, MgO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(159) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(160) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography.

(161) With traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

Example 32

Color Conversion Layer Preparation

(162) Green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in a MgO matrix and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 180° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

(163) The same procedure was carried out by replacing MgO with a resin, ZnO, silicone, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

(164) The same procedure was carried out with composite particles prepared in the examples hereabove.

(165) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing; or traditional lithography: the entire surface was coated with blue emitting composite particles, followed by the subtractive photolithography patterning process. The process is then repeated for the red emitting composite particles and for the green emitting composite particles.

(166) The same procedure was carried out using inkjet printing.

REFERENCES

(167) 1—Composite particle 11—Core of composite particle 12—Shell of composite particle 2—Inorganic material 21—Inorganic material 3—Nanoparticle 31—Spherical nanoparticle 32—2D nanoparticle 33—Core of a nanoparticle 34—Shell of a nanoparticle 35—Shell of a nanoparticle 36—Insulator shell of a nanoparticle 37—Crown of a nanoparticle 4—Color conversion layer 5—Light source 6—Glass substrate 7—Light emitting material 71—Surrounding medium 72—Surrounding medium 8—Display apparatus 9—Layer of liquid crystal material 10—Polarizer 12—Active matrix 13—Optical enhancement film 14—Bottom substrate 121—Laser source 122—Directing optical system 123—Laser path 124—Solid support 232—Possible laser path 234—Possible colored light paths D—Pixel pitch d—Sub-pixel pitch G—Green secondary light R—Red secondary light