DIFFERENTIAL COMPRESSION BONE SCREW

Abstract

A differential compression bone screw and a method are provided for compressing adjacent bone portions together to encourage bone fusion. The compression bone screw is comprised of a head portion and a shank. A center hole extends from the head portion to a distal end of the shank. A superior end of the head portion includes a shaped opening that receives a tool for driving the compression bone screw into a hole drilled in a patient's bone. An inferior end of the head portion includes barbs that engage with surrounding bone tissue. A smooth portion of the shank is disposed between proximal threads and distal threads that rotatably engage within the hole in the patient's bone. A thread pitch of the distal threads is greater than a thread pitch of the proximal threads, such that the compression bone screw comprises a differential pitch configured to compress the adjacent bone portions.

Claims

1.-20. (canceled)

21. A bone compression screw, comprising: a shank and a head portion; a center hole extending through the head portion and the shank; and threads disposed along the shank.

22. The bone compression screw of claim 21, wherein the threads include at least distal threads near a distal end of the shank and proximal threads near the head portion.

23. The bone compression screw of claim 22, wherein the threads include a differential pitch comprising a distal thread pitch that is greater than a proximal thread pitch.

24. The bone compression screw of claim 23, wherein the distal thread pitch ranges between substantially 1 to 3 times greater than the proximal thread pitch.

25. The bone compression screw of claim 24, wherein the distal thread pitch is substantially 2 times greater than the proximal thread pitch.

26. The bone compression screw of claim 23, wherein the distal thread pitch is configured to push a distal bone portion toward a proximal bone portion.

27. The bone compression screw of claim 26, wherein a smooth portion is disposed between the distal threads and the proximal threads to allow the distal bone portion and the proximal bone portion to be compressed together.

28. The bone compression screw of claim 23, wherein the differential pitch is adapted for compressing bone fractures, fixating osteotomies, and joining fusions.

29. The bone compression screw of claim 22, wherein the threads include intermediate threads disposed between the distal threads and the proximal threads.

30. The bone compression screw of claim 29, wherein the intermediate threads extend from the distal threads to the proximal threads, such that a continuous series of threads is disposed along substantially an entirety of the shank.

31. The bone compression screw of claim 30, wherein the intermediate threads include an intermediate thread pitch that changes along the length of the shank.

32. The bone compression screw of claim 31, wherein the intermediate thread pitch increases from the proximal thread pitch to the distal thread pitch.

33. The bone compression screw of claim 32, wherein the intermediate thread pitch increases from a first thread pitch that is substantially the same as the proximal thread pitch to a second thread pitch that ranges between substantially 1 to 3 times greater than the proximal thread pitch.

34. The bone compression screw of claim 33, wherein the second thread pitch is about 2 times greater than the first thread pitch.

35. The bone compression screw of claim 32, wherein the first thread pitch and the second thread pitch cause the intermediate threads to contribute to compressing a distal bone portion against a proximal bone portion.

36. The bone compression screw of claim 22, wherein the shank includes a tapered diameter between the distal threads and the distal end of the shank.

37. The bone compression screw of claim 36, wherein the tapered diameter and the distal end are adapted to minimize resistance to forward movement of the compression bone screw within a hole drilled in bone.

38. The bone compression screw of claim 36, wherein the tapered diameter includes one or more flutes and cutting edges that extend from the center hole to the distal threads.

39. The bone compression screw of claim 38, wherein a pair of cutting edges borders each of the one or more flutes.

40. The bone compression screw of claim 39, wherein the tapered diameter includes three flutes and six cutting edges.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The drawings refer to embodiments of the present disclosure in which:

[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates an isometric view of a distal portion of an exemplary embodiment of a compression bone screw that may be used for repairing bones of a patient;

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an isometric view of a proximal portion of an exemplary embodiment of a compression bone screw that may be used for repairing bones of a patient;

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a compression bone screw that may be used for repairing bones of a patient;

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the exemplary embodiment of the compression bone screw of FIG. 3, showing exterior diameters along a shank of the compression bone screw;

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary use environment wherein an exemplary embodiment of a differential compression bone screw is longitudinally disposed within substantially the center of a repaired bone;

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates an isometric view of a proximal portion of an exemplary embodiment of a compression bone screw that may be used for repairing bones of a patient; and

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of the exemplary embodiment of the compression bone screw of FIG. 6, showing a differential thread pitch disposed along a shank of the compression bone screw.

[0019] While the present disclosure is subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. The invention should be understood to not be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention disclosed herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, specific numeric references such as “first screw,” may be made. However, the specific numeric reference should not be interpreted as a literal sequential order but rather interpreted that the “first screw” is different than a “second screw.” Thus, the specific details set forth are merely exemplary. The specific details may be varied from and still be contemplated to be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The term “coupled” is defined as meaning connected either directly to the component or indirectly to the component through another component. Further, as used herein, the terms “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially” for any numerical values or ranges indicate a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows the part or collection of components to function for its intended purpose as described herein.

[0021] In general, the present disclosure describes an apparatus and a method for a differential compression bone screw for compressing two adjacent bone portions together, including compressing bone fractures, fixating osteotomies, and joining fusions. The compression bone screw is comprised of a head portion and a distally extending shank. A center hole extends from the head portion to a distal end of the shank. The head portion is comprised of a superior end and an inferior end. The superior end includes a shaped opening that is substantially concentric with the center hole and configured to engagedly receive a tool for driving the compression bone screw into a hole drilled in a patient's bone. The inferior end includes a plurality of barbs that are disposed around the circumference of the inferior end and are configured to fixedly engage with surrounding bone tissue. Proximal threads and distal threads are disposed on the shank and configured to rotatably engage within the hole in the patient's bone, such that the compression bone screw advances into the hole upon being turned by way of the tool. A thread pitch of the distal threads preferably is greater than a thread pitch of the proximal threads, such that the compression bone screw comprises a differential pitch configured to compress the two adjacent bone portions, thereby closing a fracture there between.

[0022] FIGS. 1-4 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a compression bone screw 100 that may be used for repairing bone fractures, fixating osteotomies, joining fusions of the skeletal system, and the like. It should be understood that the terms “bone screw,” “fastener,” “fixator,” “elongate member,” and “screw” may be used interchangeably herein as they essentially describe the same type of device. The compression bone screw 100 generally is an elongate member comprised of a head portion 104 and a shank 108. As best shown in FIGS. 1-2, a cannulation or center hole 112 extends longitudinally from the head portion 104 to a distal end 116 of the shank 108. The center hole 112 is configured to receive any of various guidewires, trocars, and other similar instruments for directing the bone screw to a hole drilled in the patient's bone.

[0023] The head portion 104 is comprised of a superior end 120 and an inferior end 124. As best illustrated in FIG. 2, the superior end 120 may include a shaped opening 128 that is substantially concentric with the center hole 112. The shaped opening 128 generally is configured to engagedly receive a tool suitable for driving the bone screw 100 into the hole drilled in the patient's bone. Although in the illustrated embodiment, the shaped opening 128 is comprised of a hexalobe shape, any of various multi-lobe shapes, as well as other polygonal shapes, are also contemplated.

[0024] The inferior end 124 preferably is configured to countersink within the hole in the bone. Thus, the superior end 120 is not left protruding above the exterior surface of the bone once the compression bone screw 100 is fully engaged with the patient's bone. Further, a plurality of barbs 132 disposed around the circumference of the inferior end 124 are configured to engage with the surrounding bone tissue so as to prevent the bone screw from backing out of the hole in the patient's bone. In some embodiments, however, the inferior end 124 may be configured to be received within an opening of a bone fusion plate, such that the superior end 120 countersinks within the opening of the bone fusion plate and presses the plate against the surface of the patient's bone.

[0025] As best shown in FIGS. 3-4, the shank 108 is comprised of proximal threads 136 and distal threads 140 that share an intervening smooth portion 144. The proximal threads 136 have a diameter 138, and the distal threads 140 have a diameter 142. A tapered diameter 148 extends from the distal threads 140 to a rounded portion 152 that comprises the distal end 116. The smooth portion 144 is comprised of a diameter 146 that is less than the diameters 138 and 142 so as to facilitate passing the smooth portion 144 through the bone with relatively little resistance. Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the threads 136 and 140 share substantially similar exterior diameters, 138 and 142, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4. In some embodiments, however, the diameter 138 of the proximal threads 136 may be greater than the diameter 142 of the distal threads 140. Various diameters of the proximal threads 136 and the distal threads 140, as well as the diameter 146, are contemplated, without limitation.

[0026] The threads 136 and 140 are configured to rotatably engage within a suitably sized hole drilled in the patient's bone. Thus, turning the bone screw 100 in an appropriate direction by way of a tool coupled with the shaped opening 128, drives the distal threads 140 to engage with bone tissue surrounding the hole, and thus advancing the bone screw 100 deeper into the hole in the bone. The proximal threads 136 engage the bone once a majority of the bone screw 100 is already disposed within the hole in the bone. Continued turning of the bone screw 100 then countersinks the inferior end 124 into an upper-most portion of the hole in the bone, and draws the superior end 120 beneath the exterior surface of the patient's bone.

[0027] Moreover, the illustrated embodiment of the compression bone screw 100 comprises a differential pitch wherein the distal threads 140 have a thread pitch that is greater than the thread pitch of the proximal threads 136. In operation, the greater thread pitch of the distal threads 140 pushes the bone portion near the distal threads toward the bone portion near the proximal threads 136. The diameter 146 of the smooth portion 144 allows the fracture to close as the bone portions are compressed together. In some embodiments, the thread pitch of the distal threads 140 may range between substantially 1-3 times greater than the thread pitch of the proximal threads 136. Preferably, however, the thread pitch of the distal threads 140 is substantially 2-times greater than the thread pitch of the proximal threads 136. A wide variety of differential pitch configurations are contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0028] It is contemplated that the differential pitch of the compression bone screw 100 is particularly well suited for compressing bone fractures, fixating osteotomies, joining fusions, as well as any other surgical procedure wherein compressing two adjacent bone portions is desired, without limitation. It is further contemplated that the compression bone screw 100 may be advantageously oriented longitudinally with respect to a patient's bone. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary use environment 156 wherein the compression bone screw 100 is longitudinally disposed within substantially the center of a repaired bone 160. The proximal threads 136 and the distal threads 140 are engaged with healthy bone tissue, while a repaired fracture 164 is disposed along the smooth portion 144. Further, the head portion 104 is countersunk within an entry hole 168 that was drilled into the repaired bone 160 by a surgeon. As will be appreciated, the compression bone screw 100 may be implemented in any of various lengths and diameters so as to advantageously repair a wide variety of differently sized and shaped bones within the human body. Furthermore, it is envisioned that the compression bone screw 100 may be configured for use in a veterinary capacity, and thus the bone screw 100 may be implemented with various shapes and sizes that are suitable for use in different types of animals.

[0029] As will be appreciated, the rounded portion 152 and the tapered diameter 148 are configured to minimize resistance to forward movement of the compression bone screw 100 advancing within the interior of a bone hole. As best shown in FIG. 1, the distal end 116 and the tapered diameter 148 of the bone screw 100 are further comprised of one or more flutes 172 that extend from adjacent of the center hole 112 and spiral along the tapered diameter 148. A pair of cutting edges 176 borders each of the flutes 172. Although the illustrated embodiment of the bone screw 100 comprises three flutes 172, and thus six cutting edges 176, more than or less than three flutes 172 and six cutting edges 176 may be incorporated into different implementations of the bone screw 100 without limitation. As will be appreciated, the cutting edges 176 advantageously clean the interior of the bone hole and increase the diameter of the hole to accept the distal threads 140 of the advancing bone screw 100. As will be appreciated, the spiral, or a rate of twist, of the flutes 172 generally controls the rate of bone debris removal from the interior of the bone hole during rotation of the bone screw 100. It is contemplated that the flutes 172 may be implemented with any of various spirals without deviating beyond the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIGS. 6-7 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a compression bone screw 180 that may be used for repairing bones of a patient. The compression bone screw 180 is substantially similar to the compression bone screw 100, illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, with the exception that the compression bone screw 180 is comprised of intermediate threads 184 in lieu of the smooth portion 144. As best shown in FIG. 7, the intermediate threads 184 extend from the distal threads 140 to the proximal threads 136, such that a continuous series of threads are disposed along substantially an entirety of the shank 108. Further, a tapered diameter 188 extends from the distal threads 140 to the distal end 116. The tapered diameter 188 and the distal end 116 are configured to minimize resistance to forward movement of the compression bone screw 180 advancing within the interior of a bone hole. It is contemplated that, in some embodiments, the tapered diameter 188 may be further comprised of one or more flutes 172 and cutting edges 176 that extend from the distal end 116 to the distal threads 140, as described herein.

[0031] The intermediate threads 184 may have a thread pitch that generally changes along the length of the shank 108. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 6-7, the intermediate threads 184 have a thread pitch that continuously decreases from the thread pitch of the distal threads 140 to the relatively smaller thread pitch of the proximal threads 136. In some embodiments, the intermediate threads 184 may be comprised of a thread pitch near the distal threads 140 that ranges between substantially 1-3 times greater than the thread pitch of the intermediate threads that are near the proximal threads 136. In some embodiments, the intermediate threads 184 may be comprised of a thread pitch near the distal threads 140 that decreases from substantially 2-times greater than the thread pitch near the proximal threads 136. During operation of the compression bone screw 180, the greater thread pitch of the distal threads 140 and nearby intermediate threads 184 pushes the bone portion near the distal threads toward the bone portion near the proximal threads 136. As will be appreciated, during operation of the compression bone screw 180, the decreasing thread pitch of the intermediate threads 184 contributes to compressing the bone portion near the distal threads 140 toward the bone portion near the proximal threads 136. A wide variety of differential pitch configurations are contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0032] Moreover, in some embodiments, wherein the proximal threads 136 have a larger diameter than the distal threads 140, the intermediate threads 184 may be comprised of a diameter that continuously increases from the diameter of the distal threads 140 to the diameter of the proximal threads 136. In some embodiments, the intermediate threads 184 may have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the distal threads 140 and is smaller than the diameter of the proximal threads 136. In still some embodiments, the diameter of the intermediate threads 184 may be substantially the same as the diameter of the distal threads 140 along a majority of the intermediate threads and then abruptly increase to match the diameter of the proximal threads 136. It should be understood, therefore, that a wide variety of relationships between the shapes and sizes of the distal threads 140, the intermediate threads 184, and the proximal threads 136 are contemplate and may be implemented within the spirit and the scope of the present disclosure.

[0033] While the invention has been described in terms of particular variations and illustrative figures, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the variations or figures described. In addition, where methods and steps described above indicate certain events occurring in certain order, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the ordering of certain steps may be modified and that such modifications are in accordance with the variations of the invention. Additionally, certain of the steps may be performed concurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performed sequentially as described above. To the extent there are variations of the invention, which are within the spirit of the disclosure or equivalent to the inventions found in the claims, it is the intent that this patent will cover those variations as well. Therefore, the present disclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but only by scope of the appended claims.