RECIPROCATING-PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE TORQUE THEREOF

Abstract

An internal combustion engine of reciprocating-piston type of construction is described which has a cylinder (2) with a cylinder head (1) and with an inlet valve (3) arranged in the cylinder head. An inlet line (4) is connected to the inlet valve (3), via which inlet line combustion air (5) can be fed to the cylinder (2). Furthermore, a compressed-air accumulator (6) is provided which is connected to the inlet line (4) by means of a controllable valve (7), wherein the inlet line (4) can be closed, with regard to its throughflow cross section, by means of a shut-off element (8). The valve (7) is controllable such that, on the basis of a control signal, compressed air (9) is fed from the compressed-air accumulator (6) into a region of the inlet line directly upstream of the inlet valve (3), wherein the shut-off element (8) is arranged sealingly on the cylinder head (1) and closes the cross section of the inlet line (4). The inlet valve (3) is briefly re-opened by means of an actuation element (24) during the compression stroke, and during said brief re-opening, compressed air (9) is fed from the compressed-air accumulator (6) into the cylinder (2), with the shut-off element (8) being held in its closed position. According to a second aspect, the compressed-air accumulator (6) can also be used to feed all of the combustion air to the cylinder (2) via an inlet reservoir (25) directly upstream of the inlet valve (3).

Claims

1-11. (canceled)

12. Internal combustion engine of the reciprocating piston type with just one intake valve, located in the cylinder head of a cylinder to which an inlet manifold is attached, by way of which combustion air can be supplied to the cylinder, with a compressed air accumulator, from which compressed air can be fed into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine by way of a controllable valve, characterized in that, the internal combustion engine has a blocking device in the inlet manifold for purposes of closing the flow-through cross section of the inlet manifold, the valve and the blocking device are controllable in mutual dependence and depending on the demanded performance of the internal combustion engine in such a manner that, based on a control signal, either additional compressed air from the compressed air accumulator can be supplied to a region of the inlet manifold within which the intake valve is located and is essentially restricted to the cylinder head when the blocking device is in its closed position, and whose torque can be increased when the amount injected is increased, the intake valve can be briefly reset to its open position during the compression stroke by means of a control element defining its movement, during which compressed air from the compressed air accumulator can be fed into the cylinder via the controlled valve, and the blocking device is in its closed position, or in the event of malfunction of a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger having a compressor and an exhaust-gas turbine, the cylinder can be supplied all of the combustion air from the compressed air accumulator and the exhaust-gas turbine then drives an additional compressor so as to supply the compressed air accumulator.

13. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the blocking device is a compressed air-controlled flap valve that is movable between two positions, with the blocking device, when the controllable valve is open, being movable into a position in which the inlet manifold is blocked by the kinetic energy of the compressed air coming from the compressed air accumulator, whose pressure is higher than that in the inlet manifold, and holding it there, and when the controllable valve is closed, the kinetic energy of the combustion air existing in the inlet manifold being movable to an open position releasing the inlet manifold.

14. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the flap valve can be moved, in particular can be swiveled, from its open position into its closed position and vice versa via a controllable actuator.

15. Internal combustion engine according to claim 14, characterized in that the actuator is electrically, magnetically operable or by combination at least two of these drive systems.

16. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the inlet valve is controllable in a manner such that it only opens after moving the blocking device into its closed position and only closes before moving the blocking device into its open position.

17. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that an additional opening ramp for repeated opening the inlet valve is provided at the controlling element which operates the inlet valve in the form of a cam of a camshaft.

18. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that a separate cam is provided on the camshaft for repeated opening of the inlet valve.

19. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the blocking device is located in the cylinder head near the inlet area of the inlet manifold.

20. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that a pressure of 10 to 15 bars prevails in the compressed air accumulator.

21. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the supply of compressed air into the valve is located between the blocking device and the inlet valve, which controls the inlet manifold.

22. Internal combustion engine according to claim 12, characterized in that, depending on engine operating parameters, compressed air can be supplied to the inlet manifold by means of the controllable valve.

Description

[0027] Additional benefits, details and designs of the internal combustion engine according to this invention are hereinafter described in detail with reference to the drawings, which show:

[0028] FIG. 1: a basic cross section of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine with a controllable valve in the inlet manifold for supplying additional compressed air from a compressed air accumulator in accordance with this invention;

[0029] FIG. 2: a view in accordance with FIG. 1, wherein the inlet valve and the exhaust valve are shown in their valve overlapping phase and the controllable valve for supplying compressed air from the compressed air accumulator is in its open position;

[0030] FIG. 3: a view in accordance with FIG. 1, wherein the reopening of the inlet valve for supplying compressed air from the compressed air accumulator while the inlet manifold closed off is shown;

[0031] FIG. 4: a basic diagram of a combustion engine with a charged exhaust air turbocharger with an additional compressed air accumulator for supplying compressed air used as additional combustion air into the inlet manifold of the internal combustion engine;

[0032] FIG. 5: a region of the inlet manifold of the internal combustion engine immediately before the inlet valve, with the blocking device open for supplying combustion air to the inlet valve via the inlet manifold;

[0033] FIG. 6: a section of the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a closed inlet valve and suggested feed of combustion air from the loading system of the internal combustion engine and/or compressed air from the pressure accumulator; and

[0034] FIG. 7: a general cross sectional view of an internal combustion engine in accordance with this invention, wherein all of the combustion air is supplied to the cylinder and/or the combustion chamber from a compressed air accumulator.

[0035] FIG. 1 shows a basic cross section of a cylinder 2 with a cylinder head 1 and a suggested piston 12 in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine with an inlet valve 3 and an exhaust valve 10 as well as a fuel injection nozzle 11 in the cylinder head 1. The inlet valve 3 is shown in its position in which a combustion chamber 15 of the cylinder 2 is sealed off from the inlet manifold 4. The exhaust valve 10 is also shown in its position sealing off the exhaust 17 from the combustion chamber 15 of the cylinder 2. The piston 1, which is configured as a plunger piston and is connected to a piston pin 14 by way of a piston rod 13, usually moves between a lower and an upper dead center position. This motion is suggested by the double arrow in the piston 12. A controllable valve 7 is arranged in the inlet manifold 4, which valve 7 is connected by way of a pipe having a shut-off valve 18 located therein to a pressure accumulator not shown in FIG. 1. The controllable valve 7 is shown in FIG. 1 in its closed position.

[0036] The arrow shown in the inlet manifold 4 represents the combustion air 5 conveyed by a loading system into the inlet manifold 4. Because of the kinetic energy of the combustion air 5, a blocking device 8 in the form of a flap valve is moved from the position shown in FIG. 1, which closes off the cross section of the inlet line 4, into the opening up position represented by dashed lines. Depending upon the kinetic energy of the combustion air 5 flowing into the inlet manifold, this flap valve can be fully opened so as to essentially fully release the cross section of the inlet manifold 4.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, the piston 12 is in its working stroke, in which the inlet valve 3 and the exhaust valve 10 are closed. It is during the working stroke that the fuel previously injected via the fuel injection nozzle 11 is burned, so that the piston 12 can carry out its working stroke and, in doing so, can move from the upper dead center in the direction of the lower dead center.

[0038] FIG. 2 shows a basic representation of a cylinder 2 with a cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine in accordance with FIG. 1, in which the piston 12 has moved somewhat from the lower dead center in the direction of the upper dead center, where the start of the compression stroke is characterized by the valve overlap phase, in which the inlet valve 3 is open and the exhaust valve 10 is still open. Combustion air 5 therefore flows from the inlet manifold 4 into the combustion chamber 15 in order to support an outflow of combusted air via the opened exhaust valve 10 into the exhaust line 17 as exhaust gas 16 from the combustion chamber 15, so as to be able to realize as complete a removal as possible of fully combusted gases from the combustion chamber 15.

[0039] The same reference numbers are used for the same components and parts, so that their meaning is not repeated here in every case. With the shut-off valve 18 open, the compressed air 9 is directly supplied from the not shown compressed air accumulator, by way of the valve 7, into the region of the inlet manifold 4 before the inlet valve 3. The pressure in the compressed air accumulator is usually noticeably higher than the pressure of the combustion air 5 produced in the inlet manifold 4 by the loading device. If compressed air 9 is therefore supplied by way of the valve 7 directly into the region of the inlet manifold 4 immediately before the inlet valve 3, the blocking device 8 closes, in fact against the effect of the kinetic energy of the flowing combustion air 5. It is with this additional compressed air 9 that a not insignificant reloading effect of the cylinder and/or combustion chamber 15 is thus achieved. The control of the inlet valve 3, the valve 7 and the exhaust valve 10 is then synchronized so that this reloading effect takes place without the compressed air that is additionally supplied into the inlet manifold 4 under increased pressure and into the combustion chamber 15 via the inlet valve 3 being able to escape by way of the exhaust valve 10. The exhaust valve 10 is thus closed in time for the intensified loading of the cylinder 2 with fresh air before the inlet valve 3 closes again.

[0040] It is an advantage of such an arrangement that, for example in the event of a malfunction of the loading device, the blocking device 8 preferably actively operating in its closed position ensures that the volume of this part of the inlet manifold 4, which is to be filled with compressed air from the compressed air accumulator and is located near the inlet valve 3, can be kept relatively small so as to just fill the cylinder with combustion air 9 in the form of compressed air from the compressed air accumulator.

[0041] This design in accordance with this invention is particularly advantageous if, for a desired reloading effect, additional compressed air 9 from the compressed air accumulator 6 (see FIG. 4) is nevertheless additionally supplied to the inlet manifold 4 and thus to the cylinder 2, i.e. the combustion chamber 15, by way of the valve 7. Control of the valve 7 can then be achieved depending on the respective load conditions of the internal combustion engine.

[0042] FIG. 3 now provides a representation of an internal combustion engine in accordance with FIG. 1, i.e. of its cylinder 2 and cylinder head 1, with which the phase when compression begins, i.e. the upward motion of the piston 12 from the lower dead center in the direction of the upper dead center, has begun and has been achieved insofar as the exhaust valve 10 is already closed and the pressure in the combustion chamber 15 is still below the pressure in the compressed air accumulator 6. In this condition, the inlet valve 3, after it has already been filled with combustion air 5 coming from the loader for purposes of normally filling the combustion chamber 15 with fresh air, is again briefly opened, with this brief opening being shown in FIG. 3, so that, with the valve 7 open and the blocking device simultaneously closed, additional compressed air 9 can be introduced into the cylinder 2 by the compressed air accumulator 6 in the sense of a reloading effect. The additional compressed air 9 ensures a higher proportion of oxygen provided for combustion, so that the torque and thus the performance of the internal combustion engine can be increased according to the adjusted amount injected.

[0043] FIG. 4 provides a general representation of the design of a combustion engine with exhaust gas turbochargers 19, 20 and intercoolers 21 as well as an additionally present compressed air accumulator 6 for reloading the cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine in accordance with this invention. In doing so, fresh air is drawn in as combustion air 5, it is compressed in the compressor 19 and it is back-cooled by intercoolers 21 located in the inlet manifold 4 in order to increase the density of the combustion air 5 via a compressor 19 of the exhaust gas turbocharger consisting of this compressor 19 and an exhaust-gas turbine 20. The combustion air 5 then continues to flow in the blocking device 8 in the direction of the not represented inlet valve into the combustion chamber 15 of the cylinder 2, which is limited in the downward direction by the piston 12, which is connected to a not represented crankshaft via a connecting rod 13 linked to a piston pin 14. The compressed air accumulator 6, which is connected to the inlet manifold 4 by way of a link from a shutoff valve 18 is additionally shown. A control device 22 operates the controllable valve 7 and the blocking device 8 in such a manner that either additional compressed air 9 from the compressed air accumulator 6 can be supplied in the sense of a reloading effect into the inlet manifold 4 and thus into the cylinder in the combustion chamber 15, so that the torque of the internal combustion engine can be increased with a corresponding increase of the amount injected, or all of the combustion air from the compressed air accumulator 6 is supplied to the cylinder 2 if the blocking device 8 closes the cross section of the inlet manifold 4. The latter method can above all be applied if, for example, the exhaust gas turbocharger 19, 20 is out of commission, which can accidentally happen in case of failure of e.g. the compressor 19. The exhaust-gas turbine can nevertheless operate in such an event and its energy can, for example, be used for supplying the compressed air accumulator 6 by means of a not represented additional compressor. The control device 22 thus operates the controllable valve 7 and the blocking device 8 in mutual dependence and depending on the demanded or desired performance of the internal combustion engine.

[0044] FIG. 5 provides a basic view of the region of the inlet manifold 4, which is located immediately adjacent to the inlet valve 3, whose valve disk is shown. A blocking device 8 is shown in FIG. 5, which is arranged in its open position, which unblocks the cross section of the inlet manifold 4. In this position, combustion air, which is, for example, conveyed by a loader, can be conveyed into the cylinder by means of the inlet manifold 4 and the inlet valve 3 so as to supply of the combustion chamber with fresh air. The blocking device 8 can, for example, be designed so that the kinetic energy of the inflowing combustion air moves the blocking device 8 designed as flap valve and thus releases the flow cross section for the combustion air in the direction of the cylinder.

[0045] According to this invention, compressed air 9 from a compressed air accumulator 6 is additionally supplied in the domain of the inlet valve 3 by way of a controllable valve 7. This controllable valve 7 is not shown in FIG. 5 for the sake of simplicity. The pressure in the compressed air accumulator 6 is in each case higher than the pressure of the combustion air produced by the loader in the inlet manifold 4. It is by this means that, with the controllable valve 7 open, that the blocking device 8 is swiveled, even counter to the kinetic energy of the flowing combustion air 5, into its closed position, in which the cross section of the opening is essentially completely closed. It is however also possible that the blocking device 8 can be actively operated by means of an actuator 27. If the actuator 27 has moved the blocking device 8 into its closed position or if the increased pressure of compressed air 9 from the reservoir 6 caused the blocking device 8 to swivel into its closed position, it is either possible for the cylinder 2 to be completely filled with compressed air 9 from the compressed air accumulator 6, or additional compressed air can be supplied to the cylinder 2 via the reopened inlet valve 3 for a reloading effect during the compression stroke of the piston 12.

[0046] FIG. 6 shows an inlet valve 3 in the cylinder head 1 with the combustion air 5 coming from an inlet manifold 4 and/or compressed air 9 coming from a compressed air accumulator 6 (not represented). FIG. 6 only shows the elbow of the final part of the inlet manifold 4, i.e. of the region, which leads directly to the inlet valve 3. In accordance with this invention it is also possible for a compressed air tank 6 be directly connected to this intake manifold in the cylinder head 1, which compressed air tank 6 provides all of the combustion air for the combustion process in the cylinder 2 of an internal combustion engine.

[0047] FIG. 7 shows such an example embodiment in for an internal combustion engine according to this invention in cross section. In the usual way, the piston 12, which seals the combustion chamber 15 on the bottom side, is shown with its piston pin 14, while both the inlet valve 3 and the exhaust valve 10 in the cylinder head, which closes the top of the combustion chamber 15, are respectively shown in the closed position. Combusted exhaust gas can leave the cylinder 2 after completion of the working stroke via the exhaust 17 with the exhaust valve 10 open. This is represented by the arrow 16. A compressed air accumulator 6, which supplies an inlet reservoir 25 directly with compressed air 9 just before the inlet valve 3 is shown right next to the region of the inlet valve 3. The compressed air 9 can therefore be introduced into the cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine when the inlet valve 3 is open. This can be done during the entire gas exchange process as well as during a reloading phase with inlet valve 3 reopened during the compression stroke. The inlet valve 3 is operated by a cam 24, which sits on a not shown camshaft. This cam additionally has an opening ramp, with which a reopening is implemented during the compression phase. It is however also possible to provide a separate cam on the camshaft for repeated opening, which is however not shown in FIG. 7.

REFERENCE NUMBER LIST

[0048] 1 Cylinder head [0049] 2 Cylinder [0050] 3 Inlet valve [0051] 4 Inlet manifold [0052] 5 Combustion air [0053] 6 Compressed air accumulator [0054] 7 Valve [0055] 8 Blocking device/flap valve [0056] 9 Compressed air [0057] 10 Exhaust valve [0058] 11 Fuel injection nozzle [0059] 12 Piston [0060] 13 Piston rod [0061] 14 Piston pin [0062] 15 Combustion chamber [0063] 16 Exhaust gas [0064] 17 Exhaust [0065] 18 Shut-off valve [0066] 19 Compressor [0067] 20 Turbine [0068] 19, 20 Exhaust gas turbochargers [0069] 21 Intercooler [0070] 22 Control device [0071] 23 Impact blocking device [0072] 24 Cam inlet valve [0073] 25 Inlet reservoir [0074] 26 Opening ramp [0075] 27 Actuator blocking device