METHOD FOR COLLECTING DATA IN A NETWORK, SENSOR, CONSUMPTION METER, TEMPORARY RECEIVER AND NETWORK

Abstract

A method collects data in a network having a consumption meter as part of a supply network and containing a sensor. The sensor contains a measuring element which provides raw measurement data corresponding to a physical or physicochemical value or parameter. The sensor contains a communication device and a memory. For the determination of the measurement resolution of the sensor the conditions for generating time stampings using a correlation model are determined in advance. On a basis of the correlation model, time stampings of successive raw measurement data in the sensor are generated, the time stampings are stored in the memory. The time stampings are transmitted over a wired connection and/or a radio link so that on the basis of the time stampings using the correlation model the raw measurement data collected by the measuring element are reconstructed and evaluated. Whereas raw measurement data is used for on-demand network analysis.

Claims

1. A method for collecting data in a network having a consumption meter with at least one local sensor for distribution of a consumable good, the at least one local sensor containing at least one measuring element providing elementary measuring units in a form of raw measurement data corresponding to at least one physical or physicochemical value or at least one physical or physicochemical parameter, the at least one local sensor further having a wired and/or radio communication means and a memory, which comprises the steps of: determining in advance, for a determination of a measurement resolution of the at least one local sensor, conditions for generating time stampings using a correlation model; generating, on a basis of the correlation model, the time stampings of successive raw measurement data in the at least one local sensor; storing the time stampings in the memory of the consumption meter; and transmitting the time stampings over a wired connection and/or a radio link so that on a basis of the time stampings using the correlation model the raw measurement data collected by the at least one measuring element being reconstructed and evaluated, whereas the raw measurement data is used for on-demand network analysis.

2. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises transmitting the time stampings over the wired connection and/or the radio link via a primary communication path to a temporary receiver.

3. The method according to claim 2, which further comprises storing the time stampings in the temporary receiver.

4. The method according to claim 2, which further comprises using temporary receivers for gathering the time stampings of sensors and/or consumption meters in a defined coverage area.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein a use of the temporary receiver for gathering the time stampings is limited to a certain period of time.

6. The method according to claim 2, which further comprises forwarding, via the temporary receiver, the time stampings received via a tertiary communication path to a remote central processing facility.

7. The method according to claim 2, which further comprises reading out the temporary receiver in a remote central processing facility.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein a network monitoring and evaluation of the data take place in a remote central processing facility.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein within a framework of the correlation model a certain value, a certain change in value or a certain difference in value of the at least one physical or physicochemical value or the at least one physical or physicochemical parameter is determined for an assignment of a time stamping, and on recording the certain value, the certain change in value or the certain difference in value by the at least one measuring element a time stamping is triggered and stored in the memory of the at least one local sensor.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein within a framework of the correlation model a stepwise or incremental increasing meter reading and/or a table of values is represented by the time stampings.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time stampings have a sign.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein for reconstructing and evaluating the raw measurement data collected by the at least one measuring element a basic index of the at least one local sensor and the time stampings indicating an incremental increase and/or decrease of an index are transmitted.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a number of the time stampings are transmitted over a primary communication path as a data packet or as a data telegram.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein after receiving data packets or data telegrams, the data packets or the data telegrams are reassembled in an appropriate time sequence reference.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein on a basis of the time stampings using the correlation model a raw measurement data stream is generated.

16. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises providing a plurality of sensors and/or consumption meters and/or stationary and/or mobile data collectors as nodes of the network.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein if a permanent radio link to the at least one local sensor and/or the consumption meter is not available, nodes of the network are used as temporary transceivers.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the nodes of the network are used as temporary transceivers for the on-demand network analysis.

19. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises using temporary transceivers for mobile reading scenarios.

20. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises forming the network as a mesh network.

21. The method according to claim 1, wherein information transfer within the network is realized by a cascade of temporary transceivers.

22. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises performing the on-demand network analysis during live operation.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the on-demand network analysis includes load-dependent network restructuring.

24. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises determining a consumption signature for the at least one local sensor being one of a plurality of sensors.

25. The method according to claim 24, which further comprises using the consumption signature to identify a potential metering failure.

26. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network forms a closed consumption network with inputs and outputs, whereas unidentified outputs from the network are being used for fault diagnosis.

27. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises: connecting the at least one local sensor to a data collector via a primary communication path; providing a tertiary communication path between the data collector and a head end; transmitting the time stampings transmitted by the at least one local sensor; and collecting, storing and/or evaluating the time stampings in the data collector and/or in the head end.

28. The method according to claim 1, wherein a configuration of the at least one local sensor and/or a line section is determined on a basis of current consumption in the network.

29. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sensor consumption profile analysis is performed for diagnosis of the network.

30. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises taking a snapshot of the network at time T.sub.0 to determine a current meter reading of the at least one local sensor being one of a plurality of sensors being read.

31. The method according to claim 30, which further comprises taking a snapshot of the network at time T1 to determine the consumption in a time interval from the time T.sub.0 to the time T1.

32. The method according to claim 30, which further comprises forming a time derivative of a current consumption value to extrapolate consumption.

33. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises evaluating a raw measurement data stream without time gaps in a data processing sequence apart from the resolution of the at least one local sensor on a time-historical basis.

34. The method according to claim 1, wherein an elementary measuring unit refers to an electric voltage or to an electric current.

35. The method according to claim 1, wherein measured physical quantity refers to a supply medium of the network being a supply network.

36. The method according to claim 1, wherein measured physical or chemical-physical parameter(s) is/are characteristic of a quantity, a quality and/or composition of a fluid flowing through or contacted by the at least one local sensor.

37. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one elementary measuring element generates a time stamping, when the at least one elementary measuring element receives a pulse.

38. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises executing a new data transmission in a form of a message or a telegram as soon as at least one of two conditions is met: (a) expiration of a specified time interval; and (b) achieving a specified amount of the time stampings since a previous transmission.

39. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises packaging the time stampings by formatting the time stampings into data packets of predetermined fixed size, wherein each time accumulated data reaches a size of a data packet or a predetermined time interval has expired, a new transmission is triggered.

40. The method according to claim 2, which further comprises carrying out data transmission with redundancy.

41. The method according to claim 40, wherein the redundancy in the data transmission is achieved by repeated transmission of a same data packet in several successive transmission processes.

42. The method according to claim 40, wherein the redundancy in the data transmission is achieved by repeated transmission of a same time stamping.

43. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises transferring the time stampings in compressed form.

44. The method according to claim 43, which further comprises performing compression of the time stampings without loss.

45. A sensor, comprising: at least one measuring element providing elementary measuring units in a form of raw measurement data corresponding to at least one physical or physicochemical value or at least one physical or physicochemical parameter; a wired and/or radio communication means; a memory; and the sensor being programmed to perform the method according to claim 1.

46. A consumption meter, comprising: a sensor containing at least one measuring element providing elementary measuring units in a form of raw measurement data corresponding to at least one physical or physicochemical value or at least one physical or physicochemical parameter, a wired and/or radio communication means, and a memory; and the consumption meter being programmed to operate the method according to claim 1.

47. A temporary receiver, wherein the temporary receiver is operated according to the method in accordance with claim 1.

48. A network, comprising: the consumption meter according to claim 46, wherein the raw measurement data is used for on demand network analysis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

[0066] FIG. 1 is an illustration of a use of a temporary receiver for on-demand network analysis;

[0067] FIGS. 2A-2C are simplified illustrations showing examples for centralized, decentralized and distributed networks;

[0068] FIGS. 3A-3F are very simplified schematic representation of a mesh network with temporary transceivers in different network configurations;

[0069] FIG. 4 is a very simplified schematic representation of an example of communication links in a supply network for collecting and/or forwarding data collected by a large number of consumption meters to a data collector and a head-end;

[0070] FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic representation of an example of the transmission of raw measurement data of characteristic time stampings to another transceiver, e.g. a data collector;

[0071] FIG. 6 is an illustration showing an example of a message structure which is emitted or queried by the measurement data processing unit of the consumption meter;

[0072] FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example of a chronogram of time stampings of the raw measurement data read out by a sensor between two uplink transmission processes (messages or telegrams emitted at times T.sub.E-1 and T.sub.E), in a context of remote reading of the volume consumption (in this case, the package PA.sub.j contains N time stampings TS.sub.N);

[0073] FIG. 8 is a very simplified schematic representation of a network (in this case, for example, a water network) with various inflows and outflows;

[0074] FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example for different time scales ΔT and δT;

[0075] FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example of a diagram showing a current consumption, derivation and extrapolation of consumption;

[0076] FIG. 11 is an illustration of an example for the combination of the data packets or messages or telegrams or reconstructions containing the time stampings into a continuous stream of raw measurement data including its evaluation options in a highly simplified schematic representation;

[0077] FIG. 12 is an illustration of an example of a sensor of a consumption meter in the form of a mechanical flow meter with an impeller, with which corresponding raw measurement data for the flow rate can be generated;

[0078] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a correlation model for generating time stampings on the basis of the raw measurement data recorded by the sensor according to FIG. 12;

[0079] FIG. 14 is an illustration of an example of a temperature sensor in a simple representation;

[0080] FIG. 15 is a graph showing another example of a correlation model for generating time stampings on the basis of the raw measurement data recorded by the sensor according to FIG. 14; and

[0081] FIG. 16 is an illustration showing an example of a redundant transmission of PA.sub.j data packets.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0082] Referring now to the figures of the drawings in detail and first, particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown a temporary receiver 50 for on-demand network analysis. During a certain period of time between T0 and T1, for example 3 months, a temporary receiver 50 is operated in a certain area. In this area there are a number of consumption meters 10, each of which contains a sensor 1. The consumption meters 10 send time stampings TS to the temporary receiver 50 via a primary communication path 5. The received time stampings TS are stored in the temporary receiver 50. After T1, the temporary receiver 50 is brought to the remote central processing facility 12, where it is read out on site via cable connection or radio connection. The time periods from T0 to T1 and T1 to T2 are not drawn to scale. The time span T0 to T1 can be much longer than the time span T1 to T2. After T2, the data read out by the receiver, in particular the time stampings TS, are analyzed and evaluated in the remote central processing facility 12. For example, a raw measurement data stream 13 can be generated from the time stampings TS. The raw measurement data stream 13 can be used to analyze the network.

[0083] FIGS. 2A-2C show different network configurations. FIG. 2A shows a centralized network with one central node from which all other nodes are served. The decentralized network shown in FIG. 2B does not have one central node but several nodes with equal rights. In the distributed network or mesh network shown in FIG. 2C the infrastructure nodes connect directly, dynamically and non-hierarchically to as many other nodes as possible. The method of the present invention can be applied to every network configuration.

[0084] FIGS. 3A to 3F and FIG. 4 show supply networks for the distribution of consumable goods, e.g. gas, electricity, water or heat. The supply networks comprises a large number of individual local consumption meters 10, which can, for example, be assigned to different residential units of an apartment building. The individual consumption meters 10, e.g. water meter, electricity meter, heat meter or gas meter, are connected via a wireless communication link to other nodes in the network, e.g. a data collector 3, which can function as a master or a concentrator.

[0085] FIGS. 3A to 3E show a network consisting of a plurality of consumption meters 10, three stationary data collectors 3s, two mobile data collectors 3m and a Head End 4. The network is configured as a mesh network, so that the consumption meters 10, the stationary data collectors 3s, the mobile data collectors 3m and the head-end 4 represent the nodes of the network. As nodes in a network, one of their tasks is to act as transceivers in the network. This enables them to receive and forward data from other transmitters in the network. In addition, data can also be sent out, which can be received and forwarded by other transceivers in the network, for example. The configuration of the network in FIG. 3A represents any temporal starting point at which the mobile data collectors 3m are located, for example, at the marked points.

[0086] If a permanent radio link to a sensor 1 and/or a consumption meter 10 is not available, it is advantageous to use nodes 3m/3s of the network as temporary transceivers 60. This ensures 100 percent or almost 100 percent availability of the individual sensors 1 or consumption meters 10 in the network.

[0087] Data transfer in the network, preferably in the form of time stampings TS, is shown in FIG. 3B. The highlighted consumption meter 10 sends data, in particular time stampings TS, to the head end 4. The transceivers, such as consumption meters 10 and/or data collectors 3s/3m, in the immediate vicinity of the respective consumption meter 10 are used to forward the data stream. The information or data transfer therefore only takes place temporarily via corresponding transceivers. When choosing transceivers, it is advantageous to consider the position of the respective transceivers with regard to the starting point and the end point of the data transfer. Furthermore, the quality of the radio connection from and to the respective transceiver or its accessibility can also be taken into account. The information transfer within the network can therefore be realized by a cascade of temporary transceivers 60.

[0088] The mobile data collectors 3m in FIG. 3B are on a service run, which is indicated by the arrows. Depending on the current position of the mobile data collector 3m, the path of the time stampings TS through the network is selected. The possible connections that the mobile data collectors 3m can make depend on their current position.

[0089] During their service run the mobile data collectors 3m are at the positions shown in FIG. 3C at a certain time. This affects the path of the time stampings TS from the highlighted consumption meter 10 to the head end 4. The time stampings TS are now routed via another path, which contains both mobile data collectors 3m. It is possible that the transfer of the time stampings TS is not interrupted while the mobile data collectors 3m are in motion. This enables a continuous stream of raw measurement data 13 reconstructed from the time stampings TS in the mesh network. In the further course of the service run, for example, the constellation of mobile data collectors 3m to the consumption meters 10 and the stationary data collectors 3s changes to the configuration shown in FIG. 3D. In this configuration, the time stampings TS of the highlighted consumption meter 10 are routed to the head-end 4 via a different path. The shortest paths are advantageously found autonomously by the mesh network. Even when switching between different paths in the mesh network, the transfer of the time stampings TS between the source transceiver, e.g. the highlighted consumption meter 10, and the target transceiver, such as the head-end 4, is not interrupted.

[0090] Additional data streams can also be routed through the network. FIG. 3E shows the data stream of the highlighted stationary data collector 3s. The path of this data stream also leads via both mobile data collectors 3m to the head-end 4. The stationary data collectors 3s can serve as transceivers for surrounding consumption meters 10 and/or temporarily store the received time stampings TS of the consumption meters 10 and forward them as required, e.g. to the head-end 4. Due to the configuration of the mobile data collectors 3m, the highlighted stationary data collector 3s can send the temporarily stored time stampings TS of the consumption meters 10 to the head-end 4.

[0091] In FIG. 3F the mesh network additionally comprises two radio towers 40 which act as nodes or transceivers in the network. Surrounding consumption meters 10 and stationary 3s and mobile data collectors 3m are connected to the radio towers 40. The radio towers 40 forward the information and data, especially time stampings TS to the next node or transceiver. Unlike data collectors 3, the primary purpose here is not to store data, but to forward it reliably. Radio towers 40 can also close gaps between nodes in the network without the need for a data collector 3.

[0092] It is possible that the network is structured hierarchically. In FIG. 4 a hierarchically structured network for the distribution of consumable goods or consumables, e.g. gas, water, electricity, fuel or heat is shown. Here it is advisable for the local consumption meter(s) 10 to be connected to the data collector 3 via a primary communication path 5. The respective data collector 3 is connected to a head-end 4 via a tertiary communication path 6. The data of the entire supply network is collected in the head-end 4. The tertiary communication link 6 can be a wired communication link or a communication link based on radio technology (e.g. mobile radio communication link). Alternatively, the data of the respective data collector 3 can also be read out by a portable reading device if required and read in again at the head-end 4. The data can be transmitted along the tertiary communication path 6 in different ways, for example via LAN, GPRS, LTE, 3G, etc. The entire network may be configured as a smart grid. Smart grids combine generation, storage and consumption, whereas a central control system coordinates them optimally to each other.

[0093] The individual consumption meters 10 can be operated with an independent power supply (rechargeable battery).

[0094] According to FIG. 5, the respective consumption meter 10 contains a sensor 1 equipped with at least one measuring element 9. The sensor 1 is to be used to generate raw measuring data via the measuring element 9, which are fed to a measuring data processing unit 14. The raw measurement data correspond to elementary measuring units supplied by measuring element 9 of at least one physical or physicochemical quantity or of at least one physical or physicochemical parameter. The raw measurement data can, for example, be raw data in connection with the flow of a medium through a supply line 16, e.g. water pipe, in particular the flow rate, turbidity, the presence of pollutants or the presence of a solid and/or gaseous component or solid and/or gaseous components.

[0095] The measurement data processing unit 14 of the consumption meter 10 comprises memory means 7, a time reference device 15 (quartz) and a microprocessor 8. The aforementioned components can be provided separately or as integrated total components.

[0096] According to the invention, the following subsequent steps are carried out in the area of the respective consumption meter 10:

[0097] Triggering a time stamping TS when one physical or physicochemical value or at least one physical or physicochemical parameter is recorded.

[0098] Storage of the time stampings TS in the memory means 7 of the sensor 1 and/or the consumption meter 10.

[0099] Transmission of the time stampings TS, preferably in compressed form, over a radio link 11 by preparing data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, 17.sub.i+n in the measurement data processing unit 14, which are successively transmitted to a remote central processing facility 12, e.g. a head-end 4. The compression of the time stampings TS is performed by the microprocessor 8.

[0100] Accordingly, data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, . . . , 17.sub.i+n are transmitted in sequence, which contain continuous time stampings TS. From these time stampings TS a continuous uninterrupted raw measurement data stream 13 of very high resolution can be reconstructed on the receiver side using the correlation model.

[0101] As shown as an example in FIG. 6, the identity (address) I of the respective sensor 1 and/or the absolute or cumulative value VA of the physical or physicochemical quantity or parameter measured by the respective sensor 1 in the respective data telegram 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, . . . , 17.sub.i+n can be transmitted together with the PA.sub.j packets of the time stampings TS, whereby the value VA can be provided with a time stamp or assigned to one of the elementary time-stamped measurement data, for example an index value of a fluid meter. The value VA can be—according to the example—for example, the meter reading of a water meter at a certain time or the flow rate through the water meter since a previous data transmission (e.g. the sum Σ of the time stampings TS.sub.i corresponds to the sum of the flow volume; see FIG. 7).

[0102] The method may also consist in using the PA packets of raw measurement data to read and transmit the value of at least one other physical or physicochemical parameter PPC of the environment of the sensor 1 concerned or of the fluid measured by the latter at a given time, such as the conductivity of the fluid, the temperature of the fluid, the pH of the fluid, the pressure of the fluid, and/or a parameter characterizing the quality and/or the composition of the fluid and/or the temperature of the installation environment of sensor 1.

[0103] FIG. 6 shows the individual data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, . . . , 17.sub.i+n according to FIG. 5 in somewhat more detail. The data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, . . . , 17.sub.i+n each comprise a plurality of data packets PA.sub.1-PA.sub.6 or PA.sub.7-PA.sub.12, the absolute or cumulative value VA and the value of at least one other physical or physico-chemical parameter PPC of the environment of the respective sensor 1 or of the fluid measured by the latter at a certain time, such as the conductivity of the fluid, the temperature of the fluid, the pH of the fluid, the pressure of the fluid, a parameter characteristic of the quality and/or composition of the fluid and/or the temperature of the installation environment of sensor 1.

[0104] As shown as an example in FIG. 6, the compressed raw measurement data can be packed by formatting the PA.sub.j packets, the size of which must not exceed a predetermined maximum value, whereby each time the accumulated data reaches the size of a packet PA.sub.j, a new packet or telegram is formed or a new transmission is triggered, provided that the predetermined time interval has not previously expired.

[0105] According to a preferred variant of the invention, the time stampings TS are compressed before being transferred. The time stampings TS can be compressed with no loss.

[0106] Alternatively, the time stampings TS compression can also be carried out with a specified permissible loss level. In fact, if the user or operator prefers to save energy and accepts a certain inaccuracy in the restoration and reproduction of the original measurement data (i.e. accepts a certain loss), the compression ratio may be increased to the detriment of less accuracy in the reproduction on the receiving side. This loss ratio or compression ratio can be provided as a programmable or adjustable parameter that determines or sets the compression mode.

[0107] As illustrative and non-restrictive examples of data compression algorithms, a differential coding (delta coding) in connection with a Huffman coding, a run length coding (RLE coding) or preferably an adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC coding) can be considered within the framework of the inventive method.

[0108] Preferably, the time stampings TS in memory means 7 of consumption meter 10 are not deleted until the transmission of the time stampings TS has been confirmed by a receiver, a transceiver, a network node or a data collector 3.

[0109] Thanks to the invention, it is possible to have information at the data collector 3 or the receiving location (e.g. head-end 4) which enables a faithful and complete reconstruction from the time stampings TS which is true to the original of all raw measurement data supplied by the various sensors 1 in very high temporal resolution and allows unlimited flexibility in the evaluation of this data. In this way, the expandability of “business” functions can be easily and centrally taken into account without influencing the functionality or even the structure of modules (sensors, means of communication, and the like).

[0110] The design of the sensor 1 can be simpler and its operation more reliable than previously known solutions. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the assembly consisting of the sensor 1 and the communication means 2 is lower than in the current versions of consumption meters 10, which evaluate the data locally.

[0111] The expert understands of course that the invention can be applied to the measurement and remote reading of various parameters and sizes: It is sufficient to be able to accurately date an elementary change (measurable by sensor 1) of a parameter or a size in accordance with the resolution of the targeted sensor 1 (the time-stamped elementary variation can correspond to the resolution of the sensor or possibly a multiple of this resolution).

[0112] In connection with an advantageous application of the invention, associated with the concept of consumption, it may be provided that the or one of the measured physical quantity(s) refers to a flow medium, each time stamping corresponding to an elementary quantity of fluid which is measured by sensor 1, depending on its measuring accuracy. The measured fluid can be, for example, gas, water, fuel or a chemical substance.

[0113] Alternatively or cumulatively to the above mentioned variant, the invention may also provide that the or one of the measured physicochemical quantity(s) is selected from the group formed by the temperature, pH, conductivity and pressure of a fluid flowing through or contacted by the sensor 1 concerned.

[0114] If, alternatively or cumulatively, at least one parameter is measured, this or one of these measured physical or physico-chemical parameter(s) may be characteristic of the quality and/or composition of a fluid flowing through or coming into contact with the relevant sensor 1, such as turbidity, the presence of pollutants or the presence of a solid and/or gaseous fraction or solid and/or gaseous fractions.

[0115] The above sizes, units and parameters are, of course, only examples that are not restrictive.

[0116] With a 100% quality network, redundancy is not required. Therefore, preferably the time stampings TS are transmitted without redundancy from the respective consumption meter 10 or sensor 1 to a data collector 3. This means that no repeated transmission of the raw measurement data is necessary. The advantage of this is that considerably less data has to be transmitted. However, if redundancy is required in the network, it may be achieved by sending the same data packet PA.sub.j or time stamping TS repeatedly in several successive transmissions.

[0117] Accordingly, data telegrams 17 are continuously formed at a certain point in time and successively transmitted. The individual data packets PA.sub.1, . . . , PA.sub.n then form a continuous time-stamped raw measurement data stream 13.

[0118] FIG. 7 shows an example of a message structure transmitted from sensor 1 or consumption meter 10 to another transceiver, e.g. a data collector 3. Each time stamping TS.sub.1 to TS.sub.N corresponds according to the correlation model, for example, to an elementary quantity of fluid, which is measured by sensor 1, depending on its measuring accuracy. The measured fluid can be, for example, gas, water, fuel or a chemical substance. In the time interval T.sub.E-1 to T.sub.E, N pulses are measured and the time stampings TS.sub.1 to TS.sub.N are stored, which, with a quantity of, for example one liter per time stamping TS, corresponds to a total flow rate of N liters within this time interval. The measurement data processing unit 14 generates a data package PA.sub.j which contains N time stampings TS.sub.1 to TS.sub.N. Data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1 are formed according to FIG. 6 from the plurality of data packets, for example PA.sub.1 to PA.sub.6 or PA.sub.7 to PA.sub.12.

[0119] In order to adapt the procedure according to the invention to changes in the development of the parameter or the measured variable and at the same time to ensure a satisfactory update of the available instantaneous data, the procedure may advantageously consist, in particular, of forming a new packet or telegram or of carrying out a new data transmission in the form of a message or telegram as soon as at least one of the following two conditions is fulfilled: [0120] (a) a predetermined time interval has elapsed, and [0121] (b) a predetermined amount of compressed collected data or time stampings TS has been reached since the previous transmission.

[0122] The application of condition (b) may consist, for example, in periodically checking the size of all new data in compressed form or time stampings TS after a specified number of new raw measurement data has been read. If these sizes are close to a critical size, for example close to the size of a packet specified by the transmission protocol, a new transmission is performed (condition (b) is met before condition (a)) unless the specified time interval between two successive transmissions has expired first (condition (a) is met before condition (b)).

[0123] The method consists, therefore, preferably, if at least one of the conditions is fulfilled (they may exceptionally also be fulfilled simultaneously), in transmitting the compressed and formatted time stampings TS of each sensor 1 or consumption meter 10 concerned to the next transceiver, e.g. a data collector 3. A data collector 3, for example, manages a local network of a plurality of consumption meters 10 or sensors 1 assigned to it. From a data collector 3, the compressed and formatted time stampings TS together with the compressed and formatted raw measurement data of each of the other consumption meters 10 or sensors 1 that are part of the supply network are transmitted to the head-end 4.

[0124] The data collector 3 can store the time stampings TS retrieved from the respective sensors 1 and/or consumption meters 10 either over a time interval (e.g. one day) and then forward it to a processing location or to the head-end 4. Alternatively, the data can also be transferred immediately from the data collector 3 to the head-end 4.

[0125] In FIG. 8 a snapshot of the network is shown. The network can be, for example, a water network with several inflows 31 and outflows 30. The outflow 30 could also be designed as an endpoint, such as a sensor 1 and/or a consumption meter 10. Each sensor 1 and/or a consumption meter 10 is provided with an individual index I.sub.i. At the outflow 30 the flow rate I is greater than zero by convention (I.sub.out>0). The inflow 31 provides water to the system or respectively to the network. By convention the flow rate I at an inflow 31 is less than zero (I.sub.in<0). The network further comprises a buffer vessel 32. The task of the buffer vessel 32 includes supply or storage of the distribution product, in this case e.g. water. In addition, fluctuations in the distribution product can occur in the network. In the case of water as a distribution product, this can have an effect, for example, in the form of pressure fluctuations 33. Due to pressure fluctuations 33, parameters of the system or respectively the network may change. Furthermore leaks 34 can occur in the network. The flow rate I of a leakage 34 is greater than zero by convention (I.sub.leak>0).

[0126] At the time T.sub.0 a snapshot of the network is taken, in order to determine the index of an individual sensor 1 and/or consumption meter 10. The index of an individual sensor 1 and/or consumption meter 10 at the time T.sub.0 is given as I.sub.i,T.sub.0. Moreover at a given time T.sub.0, the known index of the consumption meter 10 is I.sub.i,T.sub.0.sub.+δT.sub.0 where δT.sub.0 is the closest previous period of time. The decomposition at the first order for index extrapolation is given as

[00001]$I_{i,T_0}=I_{i,T_0+\delta T_0}+\frac{\partial I_i}{\partial t}.Math.*\begin{array}{c}\delta T_0\\ T_0+\delta T_0\end{array}.$

At the time T.sub.1 an additional snapshot of the network is taken. The index extrapolation at the time T.sub.1 is given as I

[00002]$I_{i,T_1}=I_{i,T_1+\delta T_1}+\frac{\partial I_i}{\partial t}.Math.*\begin{array}{c}\delta T_1\\ T_1+\delta T_1\end{array}.$

To determine the consumption throughout the system, in particular water consumption during the time period ΔT from T.sub.0 to T.sub.1 the volume can be calculated as

[00003]$V_{i,\Delta T}=I_{i,T_1}-I_{i,T_0}=I_{i,T_1+\delta T_1}-I_{i,T_0+\delta T_0}+\left[\frac{\partial I_i}{\partial t}.Math.*\begin{array}{c}\delta T_1\\ T_1+\delta T_1\end{array}-\frac{\partial I_i}{\partial t}.Math.*\begin{array}{c}\delta T_0\\ T_0+\delta T_0\end{array}\right],$

whereas ΔT=T.sub.1−T.sub.0. By convention, a volume value greater than zero (V.sub.i,ΔT>0) provides water to the system; a volume value smaller than zero (V.sub.i,ΔT<0) gets water out of the system, for instance by a consumption meter 10 or domestic meter at an end point 30. According to the continuity equation Σ.sub.i,ΔV.sub.i=0, the sum of all inflows and outflows to and from the network is zero. The signs of inflows and outflows must be considered in accordance with the convention, so that, for example, a leak gives a negative contribution to the sum.

[0127] In FIG. 9 the relation between T.sub.0 and T.sub.1 is shown. The infinitesimal time intervals δT.sub.0 and δT.sub.1 are used for index extrapolation. In order to extrapolate the current value of I.sub.i,T.sub.0 or respectively I.sub.i,T.sub.1 the intervals δT.sub.0 and δT.sub.1 need to be infinitesimal (δT<<1). The claim that a previous measured value is infinitesimal before the current measured value is not fulfilled by the state of the art. This requires high temporal accuracy or granularity, which is what this invention offers. Therefore, a more accurate extrapolated index may be provided due to the use of time stampings TS.

[0128] FIG. 10 shows the current consumption in the network as flow rate I over time t. The time derivative of the current consumption is also shown. Based on the current consumption and the time derivative, an extrapolation of the current consumption can be calculated. For example, consumption has increased for the last six values drawn, so that this increase can be extrapolated further.

[0129] FIG. 11 shows the further processing of the individual time stampings TS provided in data telegrams 17.sub.i-17.sub.i+n to a continuous coherent, assignment from which a gapless raw measurement data stream 13 can be constructed using the correlation model. Here the individual data telegrams 17.sub.i-17.sub.i+n are combined in such a way that the respective data or data packets PA.sub.j or time stampings TS contained therein are combined in time relation with the adjacent data packets.

[0130] By the invention-based collection of raw measurement data supplied by the sensors 1 or consumption meters 10 of the or a specific network, the invention enables all types of evaluation, analysis, verification, monitoring and generally useful or desired processing and utilization, since the basic individual raw information is available. The evaluation of the provided raw measurement data is preferably carried out in the area of the head-end 4 via evaluation means 18 and results in a large amount of important information which is necessary for the management of the supply network but which could not yet be generated, e.g. consumption, meter index, time-related consumption, leakage detection, overflow/underflow, historical data and/or manipulation. This means that information can be retrieved retrospectively and without time gaps at any time and used for a previous evaluation.

[0131] In the head-end 4, the reconstructed raw measurement data are available in very high resolution or granularity without time gaps. As a result, in contrast to previous known procedures, there is much more usable data available in the head-end 4 due to the invention-based procedure.

[0132] The raw measurement data stream 13 in the head-end 4 preferably has a resolution in the second range, tenth of a second range, hundredth of a second range or thousandth of a second range.

[0133] The object of the invention is also, as schematically shown in FIGS. 3A-3F or FIG. 4, a supply network for the distribution of, in particular, fluid consumable goods using appropriately prepared consumption meters 10, which are operated in the supply network. The respective consumption meter 10 contains, see FIG. 5, at least one sensor 1, which can acquire raw measurement data via a measuring element. Furthermore, the respective consumption meter 10 comprises a measurement data processing unit 14, which contains a microprocessor 8, memory means 7 and a time reference device 15. In the measurement data processing unit 14, the raw measurement data is time-stamped, the time-stamped raw measurement data is compressed and prepared in a format that is suitable for transmission via a radio link 11 or via the primary communication path 5 according to a specific protocol.

[0134] The consumption meter 10 can include its own power supply (not shown) in the form of a battery or the like if required. This means that the consumption meter 10 can be operated in an energy self-sufficient manner.

[0135] In the area of the head-end 4, evaluation means 18 are provided which are able to combine the individual data telegrams 17.sub.i-17.sub.i+n or their data packets PA.sub.j, which are designed as chronograms, continuously in time and without gaps to a continuous uninterrupted raw measurement data stream 13 and to perform corresponding decompressions, evaluations, calculations and the like from there. The corresponding data preferably include all consumption meters 10 in the supply network.

[0136] In addition, for the area concerned or for each geographical area in which the consumption meters 10 are installed, the above system comprises a fixed data collector 3 (concentrator) forming a primary communication path 5 of the supply network with the consumption meters 10 of the area allocated to it. The primary communication path 5 can, for example, be designed as radio link 11. The data collector 3 is in turn connected to the head-end 4 via a tertiary communication path 6. The data can be transmitted along the tertiary communication path 6 in different ways, for example via LAN, GPRS, LTE, 3G, etc.

[0137] Preferably, the memory means 7 of each sensor 1 or consumption meter 10 form a buffer memory and are suitable and adapted to store the contents of several PA.sub.j packets of time stampings TS, especially in compressed state, the contents or part of the contents of this buffer memory being transmitted at each transmission or retrieval by the data collector 3.

[0138] The information collected by each data collector 3 is transmitted directly or indirectly to the head-end 4. The “Business” functions are also defined and executed there.

[0139] FIG. 12 shows an example of a mechanical flow meter 10 with a sensor 1 for the flow rate. The sensor 1 contains an impeller 20, a measuring element 9 in the form, for example, of a Hall sensor and a pulse generator element 19, which rotates more of less depending on the flow through the flow meter 10. The rotation of the impeller 20 is detected by the measuring element 9 as a voltage value, which is excited by the pulse generator element 19, when the relevant blade of the impeller 20 is in the position of the measuring element 9. One revolution of the impeller 20 therefore corresponds to a certain flow volume, e.g. one liter of fluid.

[0140] In the measurement data processing unit 14 a correlation model is stored, with which the conditions for generating time stampings for certain raw measurement values have been defined beforehand. FIG. 13 shows a simplified example of such a correlation model, for example for a continuous cumulative flow measurement. The measurement unit is for example a pulse recorded by the measuring element 9 of the sensor 1 shown in FIG. 12, e. g. a voltage pulse, which corresponds to one rotation of the impeller 20. Therefore the predefined resolution of the measurement method corresponds to one rotation of the impeller 20. The raw measurement values which are the triggered pulses by the rotations and the corresponding times T are stored in the memory means 7 of the sensor 1. The measurement data processing unit 14 generates for every raw measurement value (i.e. for each revolution/impulse) a corresponding time stamping TS.sub.1, TS.sub.2 bis TS.sub.n+1. The time stampings TS are continuously stored in the storage media 7. If the impeller 20 is not rotating, no impulse is generated and therefore no time stamping is performed. If the impeller 20 is moving slower, the time of acquisition of the pulse along the time axis T is correspondingly later. Accordingly, in this case a later time stamping TS is generated. As shown in FIG. 13 a plurality of time stampings TS are generated, which define the flow rate measured continuously over the period in question.

[0141] The time stampings TS are combined according to FIG. 5 in data packages PA.sub.j and successively transferred as data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, 17.sub.i+n over the primary communication path 5 to the data collector 3. The data transfer can preferably take place in compressed form. It is therefore a continuous, uninterrupted time stamping stream of data of very high resolution, which is transmitted in the form of the individual continuous data telegrams 17.sub.i, 17.sub.i+1, . . . , 17.sub.i+n along the primary communication path 5.

[0142] The collection of data is not limited to a flow measurement. FIG. 14 shows for example a sensor 1 in the form of a temperature sensor based on resistance measurement. The temperature sensor comprises two metal conductors (A, B) with different thermal conductivity connected to each other in the area of a measuring point. In the event of a temperature difference ΔT between the measuring point and the opposite end of the two conductors, a voltage V or voltage change can be measured. In this case a time stamping TS for a change in the voltage measured by the sensor 1 can be determined as a correlation model.

[0143] FIG. 15 show an example of a corresponding raw measurement data curve of voltage values V for generating corresponding time stampings TS at a temperature measurement. Accordingly, each time the voltage rises or falls, e.g. by 0.5 mV, a corresponding time stamping TS is generated. In this case, the determined resolution of the method is therefore 0.5 mV. Since the curve can be ascending or descending for a temperature measurement, the time stampings TS are signed with “+” for ascending or “−” for descending. As can be seen from FIG. 15, a continuous sequence of time stampings TS is also obtained here which represent the measured voltage curve and thus the temperature very accurately and without gaps over the period under consideration. If the temperature i.e. the voltage V does not change, no time stamping TS is generated. Furthermore, the procedure corresponds to the measures described in connection with the example of flow measurement described above.

[0144] FIG. 16 shows how redundancy in transmission can be achieved by repeated transmission of the same PA.sub.j data packet through several successive transmission processes. The time stampings TS are drawn on the time scale. The time stampings TS are packed by formatting into data packets PAj of predetermined fixed size. A data packet PA.sub.j is transferred as soon as either a specified time interval has elapsed or the accumulated time stampings TS reach the maximum size of a data packet PA.sub.j. In FIG. 16, the maximum size of a data packet PA.sub.j is shown as an example with five time stampings TS. In FIG. 16, the data packets PA.sub.A-1 to PA.sub.A-6 as well as PA.sub.B-5 and PA.sub.C-1 contain less than five time stampings TS, so that the transmission of these data packets PA.sub.j is triggered by the expiry of the specified time intervals. For the data packets PA.sub.B-1 to PA.sub.B-4 and PA.sub.B-6, the transmission was triggered by reaching the maximum size of the data packet PA.sub.j.

[0145] Any raw measurement data can thus be sampled using the method according to the invention. The time stampings TS may in particular refer to points in time or time differences. Preferably a start time is defined.

[0146] Of course, the invention is not limited to the designs described and depicted in the attached drawings. Changes remain possible, in particular with regard to the procurement of the various elements or by technical equivalents, without thereby leaving the scope of protection of the invention. The object of disclosure expressly includes combinations of sub-characteristics or sub-groups of characteristics among themselves.

[0147] The following is a summary list of reference numerals and the corresponding structure used in the above description of the invention:

TABLE-US-00001 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 sensor 2 communication means 3/3s/3m data collector/stationary/mobile 4 head end 5 primary communication path 6 tertiary communication path 7 memory means 8 microprocessor 9 measuring element 10 consumption meter 11 radio link 12 remote central processing facility 13 raw measurement data stream 14 measurement data processing unit 15 time reference device 16 supply line 17 data telegram 18 evaluation means 19 pulse generator element 20 impeller 22/23 ultrasonic transducer elements 24 ultrasonic measuring section 30 end point/outflow 31 inflow 32 buffer vessel 33 pressure fluctuation 34 leakage 40 radio tower 50 temporary receiver 60 temporary transceiver PAj data packet TS time stamping