Abstract
A suppressed pistol has a breech block and a slide mounted on a frame. The breech block and slide are separate pieces, movable relatively to one another and the frame. A link extends between the breech block and the frame. The link carries a cam and a cam follower. The cam follower on the link engages a cam on the frame, the cam on the link engages a cam follower on the slide. Action between the cams, cam followers and the link causes separation between the breech block and the slide during operation of the pistol. The suppressor includes a container having baffle plates with truncated cones defining openings offset from the geometric centers of the baffle plates.
Claims
1. A sound suppressor for a firearm, said sound suppressor comprising: a container having an entrance orifice and an exit orifice aligned with one another to define a firing axis, said container defining a plurality of baffle chambers, at least one of said baffle chambers including a baffle comprising: a plate oriented transversely to said firing axis, said plate having a geometric center, said plate comprising at least first and second webs positioned within said container, said first and second webs being aligned with one another and oriented transversely to said firing axis, said first web having a first edge, said second web having a second edge in facing relation with said first web, said truncated cone being positioned between said first and second edges of said webs; a truncated cone projecting from said plate, said truncated cone defining an opening through said plate, said opening being positioned offset from said geometric center and aligned with said firing axis, said truncated cone being surrounded by a frame having first and second legs oppositely disposed, a first channel being positioned in said first leg and extending lengthwise there along, a second channel being positioned in said second leg and extending lengthwise there along, said first channel receiving said first edge of said first web, said second channel receiving said second edge of said second web for mounting said truncated cone within said container.
2. The sound suppressor according to claim 1 wherein said container comprises first and second sidewalls oppositely disposed, said plate being oriented transversely to said sidewalls and extending therebetween.
3. The sound suppressor according to claim 1, further comprising an expansion chamber positioned adjacent to said entrance orifice.
4. The sound suppressor according to claim 1, further comprising means positioned within said entrance orifice for attaching said container to a barrel of said firearm.
5. The sound suppressor according to claim 4, wherein said means for attaching comprises internal threads in said container surrounding said entrance orifice.
6. The sound suppressor according to claim 1, wherein said container comprises three said baffles.
7. The sound suppressor according to claim 1, wherein said first web is longer than said second web.
8. The sound suppressor according to claim 1, wherein said container comprises first and second sidewalls oppositely disposed, said first and second webs being oriented transversely to said sidewalls and extending therebetween.
9. A sound suppressor for a firearm, said sound suppressor comprising: a container having an entrance orifice and an exit orifice aligned with said entrance orifice and defining a firing axis; a plurality of first webs positioned within said container and oriented transversely to said firing axis, each of said first webs having a first edge facing said firing axis; a plurality of second webs positioned within said container and oriented transversely to said firing axis, each of said second webs having a second edge facing a respective one of said first edges; a plurality of truncated cones positioned within said container, each of said cones being positioned between a respective first and second edges of one of said first and second webs, each of said cones defining an opening aligned with said firing axis, each of said cones comprising: a frame oriented transversely to said firing axis, each of said frames comprising first and second legs oppositely disposed, a first channel being positioned in each of said first legs and extending lengthwise there along, a second channel being positioned in each of said second legs and extending lengthwise there along; wherein, for each of said frames, said first channel receives said first edge of one of said first webs, said second channel receives said second edge of one of said second webs for mounting said plurality of cones within said container.
10. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, wherein each of said cones projects toward said entrance orifice.
11. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, wherein each one of said first webs are longer than each one of said second webs.
12. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, wherein said container comprises first and second sidewalls oppositely disposed, said first and second webs being oriented transversely to said sidewalls and extending therebetween.
13. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, wherein each of said truncated cones is a right circular truncated cone.
14. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, wherein each of said truncated cones comprises an inner surface surrounding said firing axis, a lip being positioned on said inner surface of each of said truncated cones, each of said lips extending around and projecting toward said firing axis.
15. The sound suppressor according to claim 14, wherein each of said lips is positioned at an end of each of said truncated cones distal to said frames on which said truncated cones are respectively mounted.
16. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, wherein each of said truncated cones comprises a sidewall, an aperture being positioned in each of said sidewalls.
17. The sound suppressor according to claim 16, wherein each of said apertures is contiguous with one of said openings in each of said truncated cones.
18. The sound suppressor according to claim 9, further comprising three of said cones.
19. The sound suppressor according to claim 18, further comprising four of said webs.
20. The sound suppressor according to claim 18, further comprising an expansion chamber positioned adjacent to said entrance orifice.
21. The sound suppressor according to claim 18, further comprising means positioned within said entrance orifice for attaching said container to a barrel of said firearm.
22. The sound suppressor according to claim 21, wherein said means for attaching comprises internal threads in said container surrounding said entrance orifice.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a side view of an example suppressed pistol according to the invention;
(2) FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view of the pistol shown in FIG. 1;
(3) FIGS. 2A and 2B are isometric views of components shown in FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale;
(4) FIG. 3 is an isometric view of an example breech block shown in FIG. 2;
(5) FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an example head piece shown in FIG. 2;
(6) FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the slide shown in FIG. 2;
(7) FIG. 6 is an isometric partial sectional view of the suppressed pistol shown in FIG. 1;
(8) FIGS. 7, 7A, 8 and 9 are partial sectional views illustrating operation of the pistol shown in FIG. 1;
(9) FIGS. 10 and 11 are isometric views of an example suppressor;
(10) FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the suppressor shown in FIG. 10 taken at line 12-12;
(11) FIG. 13 is an exploded isometric view of the suppressor shown in FIG. 10;
(12) FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of another example embodiment of a suppressor according to the invention; and
(13) FIG. 15 is an exploded isometric view of the suppressor shown in FIG. 14.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(14) FIG. 1 shows an example embodiment of a suppressed pistol 10 according to the invention. Suppressed pistol 10 comprises a pistol 12 and its associated suppressor 14. As shown in the exploded view of FIG. 2, pistol 12 comprises a frame 16. Frame 16 includes slide rails 18 and 20, a breech 22 and a head piece 24 surrounding the breech 22. A barrel 26 is fixedly mounted to the frame via engagement with the head piece 24. A grip 28 is part of the frame 16, the grip receiving a magazine 30 for feeding ammunition to the pistol. Mounted within the frame are the trigger mechanism (not shown) which, in this example embodiment, actuates a striker 32. Striker 32 is positioned within a breech block 34 which rides along the rails 18 and 20 between a position “in battery” where the face 36 of the breech block is positioned against the breech 22, and a position “out of battery” where the breech face 36 is in spaced relation away from the breech. As shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, the breech block 34 has runners 38 that extend lengthwise along and engage the inwardly facing edges 40 and 42 of rails 18 and 20. As shown in FIG. 2 an extractor 44 is pivotably mounted on the breech block 34. The extractor 44 cooperates with an ejector 46 mounted on the frame to extract and eject a spent cartridge during cycling of the pistol 12.
(15) A slide 48 is also mounted on rails 18 and 20, is separate from the breech block 34, and therefore movable relatively to it and the frame 16 along the rails. As shown with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the slide 48 has first and second tabs 50 and 52 positioned on opposite sides of the slide. The tabs 50 and 52 project inwardly toward one another to engage the rails 18 and 20 for retaining the slide to the rails during sliding motion. Also shown in FIG. 5, first and second lugs 54 and 56 are positioned on opposite sides of the slide 48. The lugs 54 and 56 also project inwardly toward one another to engage the rails 18 and 20 to retain the slide to the rails during sliding motion. Lugs 54 and 56 are positioned in spaced relation away from tabs 50 and 52 to provide stability to the slide. Lug 56 also engages a stop surface 58 that projects from the rail 20. Engagement between lug 56 and stop surface 58 limits motion of the slide 48 in a direction away from the breech chamber, i.e., out of battery. The presence of stop surface 58 requires that each of the rails 18 and 20 have a gap 60 to permit the lugs 54 and 56 to be positioned beneath the rails upon mounting of the slide 48 onto the rails. Mounting of the slide 48 is effected by orienting the slide angularly with respect to the rails, positioning the tabs 50 and 52 beneath the rails from their ends, aligning the lugs 54 and 56 with their respective gaps 60, and pivoting the slide toward the rails so that the lugs pass through the gaps and position themselves between the rails and the frame 16.
(16) As shown in FIG. 7, the breech block 34 is positioned within the slide 48. As described below, engagement between the slide 48 and the breech block 34 biases the breech block toward the breech 22 and into battery. As shown in FIG. 6, the slide 48 itself is biased toward the breech 22 by one or more return springs 62 (in this example two return springs). Return springs 62 are positioned within a cavity 64 positioned within the slide 48 above the breech block 34 and operate in conjunction with respective guide rods 66. The guide rods 66 have a first end 68 attached to the head piece 24 and are thus immobile relative to frame 16. Return springs 62 act between a front wall 70 defining the cavity 64 in the slide 48 and a stop surface 72 projecting from a second end 74 of the guide rods 66, the second end 74 residing within the cavity 64 of the slide 48. Motion of the slide 48 away from the breech 22 compresses the springs 62 between the front wall 70 and the stop surfaces 72, and the springs 62 bias the slide 48 toward the breech 22 after the energy of a discharged round is dissipated. Engagement between the slide 48 and the breech block 34 (see FIG. 7) returns the breech block to battery.
(17) It is advantageous to removably attach the guide rods 66 to the head piece 24 to permit assembly and disassembly of the pistol 12. As shown by way of example in FIGS. 2 and 6, attachment of the guide rods 66 to the head piece 24 is via enlarged heads 76 at ends 68 of each guide rod 66. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 2A, ends 68 of guide rods 66 engage a clip 78 which is pivotably mounted on head 24 via a pivot pin 80. Pivoting of the clip 78 is controlled by a spring and plunger detent 82 which engages concave surfaces 84 adjacent to the pivot pin 80 and holds the clip in an open or closed position (shown). Clip 78 has cutouts 79 which receive ends 68 of guide rods 66. As shown in FIG. 2A, each cutout 78 has two counter-bored surfaces, an axially facing surface 81 and a radially facing surface 83. When the clip 78 is in the closed position and engaging the ends 68 of the guide rods (not shown for clarity) the enlarged heads 76 of the guide rods 66 are biased into engagement with the axial surfaces 81 under the force of the return springs 62. This fixes the guide rods 66 to the head piece 24.
(18) Radial surfaces 83 also engage the enlarged heads 76 which prevents pivoting motion of the clip 78 from the closed to the open position. To pivot clip 78 into the open position it is necessary to push the guide rods 66 toward the head piece 24. This compresses the return springs 62 and disengages the enlarged heads 76 from the radial surface 83, which can then be pivoted to the open position to release the guide rods 66 from the head piece 24 and permit the slide 48 to be removed. Motion of the guide rods 66 is effected by a button 85 in the end of slide 48 (see FIGS. 2 and 6).
(19) As shown in FIGS. 2, 2B, 7 and 7A, a link 88 extends between the breech block 34 and the frame 16 via engagement with the head piece 24. In this example link 88 comprises a plate 90 captured between the breech block 34 and the slide 48. One end 92 of the link 88 has an opening 93 which receives a boss 95 projecting from the breech block 34. Interaction between the boss 95 and opening 93 secures the link 88 to the breech block 34. The opposite end 94 of link 88 has a first cam follower 96 that engages a first cam 98 on the frame 16. In this example, the first cam follower comprises a cylindrical surface 100 mounted on the end 94 of plate 90. The first cam 98 is part of the head piece 24 and comprises a first surface 102 oriented angularly with respect to a firing axis 104 defined by the barrel 26. The first surface 102 may have an orientation angle 106 from about 20° to about 70°. An orientation angle of about 45° is thought advantageous for the first surface 102. A second cam 108 is mounted on the link 88. In this example the second cam 108 comprises a cylindrical surface 110 mounted on end 94 of the plate 90. The second cam 108 engages a second cam follower 112 mounted on the slide 48. Second cam follower 112 comprises a second surface 114 oriented angularly with respect to the firing axis 104. The second surface 114 may have an orientation angle 116 from about 5° to about 60°. An orientation angle of about 30° is thought advantageous for the second surface.
(20) The length of the link 88 and the orientation angles 106 and 116 of the first and second surfaces 102 and 114 determine the relative motion between the slide 48 and the breech block 34.
(21) Operation of the pistol 12 is described with reference to FIGS. 7-9. Pistol 12 operates under the blow back system of semi-automatic operation. Accordingly, the barrel 26 is fixed to the frame 16 and neither the breech block 34 nor the slide 48 is locked to the barrel. As shown in FIG. 7 the pistol is ready to fire with a cartridge 118 in the chamber of breech 22 and the breech block 34 in battery. A pull of the trigger (not shown) causes the striker 32 to hit the cartridge primer; the cartridge discharges and the projectile moves down the barrel 26. Conservation of momentum requires that the breech block 34, engaged with the cartridge, move away from the breech 22.
(22) As the breech block 34 moves out of battery away from breech 22 it also pushes on the slide 48, which also moves away from the breech, compressing the return springs 62 (see also FIG. 6). Motion of the breech block 34 also draws the link 88 in a direction away from breech 22, causing the first cam follower 96 to move up the first surface 102, thereby pivoting the link 88 outwardly toward the slide 48. Pivoting motion of the link causes the second cam 108 to engage the second surface 114 of the second cam follower 112 on the slide 48. Caroming action between the second cam 108 and second cam follower 112 forces a separation between the slide 48 and the breech block 34 as shown in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 9 the separation is maintained by contact between the second cam 108 and second cam follower 112 as both the breech block 34 and the slide 48 continue moving away from the breech to extract and eject the spent cartridge 118. Once the momentum of recoil is spent, the return springs 62 bias the slide 48 back toward the breech 22 and into battery along with the breech block, stripping and chambering the next cartridge in completion of the blow back cycle. The first cam follower 96 rides down the surface 102 of the first cam 98 and the surface 114 of the second cam follower 112 rides up the second cam 108, and the separation between the breech block 34 and the slide 48 closes, completing the cycle as shown in FIG. 7.
(23) For the example suppressed pistol 10 of FIG. 1, the associated suppressor 14 is shown in detail in FIGS. 10 and 11 and comprises a container 120 having an entrance orifice 122 and an exit orifice 124 aligned with one another along the firing axis 104. Means for attaching the suppressor 14 to the pistol 12 are positioned within the entrance orifice 122. In this example the attachment means comprises internal threads 126 that engage external threads 128 on the barrel 26. As indicated by the location of the threads 128 on the barrel 26 (see FIG. 2), container 120 is attached to barrel 26 between the muzzle 130 and the breech 22. Other attachment means are also feasible, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,162,100; 8,439,155; 8,950,546 and 8,714,301 and hereby incorporated by reference.
(24) As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the container comprises first and second oppositely disposed sidewalls 132 and 134 between which are a plurality of baffle chambers 136. As shown in FIG. 12, baffle chambers 136 include baffles 138. Three baffles are shown by way of example. At least one of the baffles 138 comprises a plate 140 oriented transversely to the firing axis 104 and the sidewalls 132 and 134. A truncated cone 142 projects from the plate 140 toward the entrance orifice 122. Cone 142 defines an opening 144 through the plate 140. The opening 144 is aligned with firing axis 104 and is also offset from the geometric center 146 of the plate 140. An expansion chamber 148 is also defined by the container 120, the expansion chamber being positioned between the entrance orifice 122 and the baffle chambers 136. When suppressor 14 is mounted on pistol 12 the barrel 26 extends into the expansion chamber 148.
(25) FIG. 13 shows an exploded view of an example suppressor 14 wherein the plates 140 comprise first and second webs 150 and 152. The first and second webs are aligned with one another and are oriented transversely to the firing axis 104. First web 150 has a first edge 154 and the second web 152 has a second edge 156 aligned, and in facing relation with the first edge. The truncated cone 142 is positioned between the first and second edges 154 and 156 of the first and second webs 150 and 152. To permit mounting of cones 142 as a separate piece, the cones comprise a surrounding frame 158. Frame 158 comprises first and second legs 160 and 162. A first channel 164 is positioned within the first leg 160 and a second channel 166 is positioned in the second leg 162. The channels 164 and 166 extend lengthwise along their respective legs 160 and 162 and respectively receive the first and second edges 154 and 156 of the webs 150 and 152. This construction, wherein the cones 142 are separate piece parts, permits the material forming the suppressor 14 to be tailored as needed to achieve performance goals. For example, the container 120 including webs 150 and 152 may be made of lightweight metal such as aluminum or titanium whereas the cones 142 may be constructed from heat resistant steel. This construction provides a lightweight structure which can nevertheless withstand the high temperatures of the propellant gases which impinge directly on the lead cone. As suggested in FIG. 13, the sidewalls 132 and 134 comprising the container 120 are formed, by machining, casting, 3D printing, metal injection molding or other appropriate techniques, the cones punched or die formed and then assembled into the webs, whereupon the sidewalls are butt welded together. In the example embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 the first web 150 is significantly longer than the second web 152. This asymmetry positions the openings 144 of the cones 142 offset from the geometric center 146 of the plates 140. The example also has four sets of webs 150 and 152, but only three cones 142. Tests have shown that this configuration provides improved noise suppression over four cone designs.
(26) As shown in detail in FIG. 13, cones 142 are right circular cones in this example and have a sidewall 168 with an inner surface 170 surrounding the firing axis 104. A lip 172 is positioned on the inner surface 170. Lip 170 extends around the cone and projects toward the firing axis 104. In this example the lip 172 is positioned at the end of cone 142 distal to the frame 158. It is believed that lip 172 induces turbulence into the gas stream passing through the cones 142 and thereby increases the energy dissipation of the stream and adds to the noise reduction of discharge. An aperture 174 extends through the cone sidewall 168. In this example the aperture 174 is contiguous with the opening 144 defined by the cone 142. It is believed that aperture 174 creates a gas jet that is transverse to the gas stream passing through the cones 142. The gas jet is thought to further disrupt the gas flow and dissipate energy to further lessen the noise of discharge.
(27) FIG. 14 illustrates another example embodiment of a suppressor 180 according to the invention. Suppressor 180 comprises a container 182 having an entrance orifice 184 and an exit orifice 186. Orifices 184 and 186 are aligned with one another along a firing axis 188 along which a projectile will travel. Container 182 comprises a plurality of baffle chambers 190, in this example three chambers. As shown in FIG. 15, each baffle chamber in this example embodiment comprises a segment 192. Segments 192 are attached to one another end to end to form the container 182. Attachment of the segments is advantageously accomplished using fasteners 194 to permit the number of baffle chambers to be varied by adding or removing segments. More segments 192 increase the degree of noise suppression, fewer segments increase the concealability of the firearm to which the suppressor 180 is attached.
(28) As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 each segment 192 comprises a plate 196 which is oriented transversely to the firing axis 188. A skirt 198 surrounds the plate 196 and extends transversely to it. Skirt 198 may be integrally formed with plate 196 or a separate part. A truncated cone 200, as described in detail above, projects from the plate 196 and defines an opening 202 through the plate. Cones 200 may be integrally formed with plates 196 or may comprise separate components which are attached by fasteners 204. An end cap 206 defines the exit orifice 186 and is joined to a last segment 192. The entrance orifice 184 is defined by an expansion chamber 208 in this example embodiment. Expansion chamber 208 is attached to a segment 192 opposite from the end cap 206 and comprises a first bulkhead 210 oriented transversely to the firing axis 188. Bulkhead 210 intersects the firing axis 188 and has a through hole 212 which receives and supports the firearm barrel 214. A second bulkhead 216 is positioned in spaced relation to the first bulkhead 210 and is also oriented transversely to the firing axis 188. Second bulkhead 216 is offset from the firing axis. A sidewall 218 surrounds the bulkheads 210 and 216 and extends between them to form the expansion chamber. In this example the sidewall 218 is formed of two parts, 218a and 218b, with the entrance orifice 184 being in part 218a. Thus formed, expansion chamber 208 is expected to provide significant energy dissipation, and consequent noise reduction, by providing an enclosed volume into which the propellant gases initially expand. Suppressor 180 may be attached to the barrel 214 using a threaded nut 220 which engages threads 222 on the barrel and captures a barrel flange 224 between itself and a portion of the expansion chamber sidewall 218. Other attachment means, as described above, are also feasible.
(29) Suppressed pistols according to the invention are expected to combine the advantages of sound suppression with greater ease of holster carry and deployment therefrom.
