VITAMIN D2-CONTAINING MUSHROOM OIL, AND PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

A method for preparing a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil. A mushroom sliced to obtain mushroom slices. The mushroom slices are irradiated with an ultraviolet light. The irradiated mushroom slices are subjected to extraction with an edible oil followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil. The ultraviolet light is a combination of an ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 280-315 nm and an ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 200-280 nm.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil, comprising: slicing a mushroom to obtain mushroom slices; irradiating the mushroom slices with an ultraviolet light; and subjecting the irradiated mushroom slices to extraction with an edible oil followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil; wherein the ultraviolet light is a combination of an ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 280-315 nm and an ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 200-280 nm.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein irradiation with the UVB light is performed at a radiation dose of 1.5-6.5 J/m.sup.2 for 8-150 min; and irradiation with the UVC light is performed at a radiation dose of 80-120 mJ/m.sup.2 for 20-30 min.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mushroom slices have a thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: before the extraction with the edible oil, crushing the irradiated mushroom slices into 80-150 mesh particles.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction comprises: adding the edible oil and the irradiated mushroom slices into an extraction tank; vacuumizing the extraction tank; and introducing an inert gas into the extraction tank to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.02-0.1 MPa.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction is performed at 10-85° C. for 8-120 h, and a weight ratio of the edible oil to a dry weight of the irradiated mushroom slices is 0.5-30:1.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the extraction is performed at 10-85° C. for 8-120 h, and a weight ratio of the edible oil to a dry weight of the irradiated mushroom slices is 0.5-30:1.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the edible oil is selected from the group consisting of a sunflower oil, a rapeseed oil, an olive oil, a corn oil, a camellia seed oil, a soybean oil, a peanut oil and a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the edible oil is selected from the group consisting of a sunflower oil, a rapeseed oil, an olive oil, a corn oil, a camellia seed oil, a soybean oil, a peanut oil and a combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: before the slicing, washing the mushroom to remove residual culture medium.

11. A vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil has a vitamin D.sub.2 content equal to or more than 10 μg/g, a peroxide value no more than 15 meq/kg and an acid value no more than 3 mg/g.

12. A food comprising the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil of claim 11, wherein the food is a health food or a functional food.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0025] It should be noted that endpoints and values within ranges disclosed herein are only exemplary, and are intended to include any values close to these values. Any possible combination of numerical values within the range to form one or more new ranges should be considered to be expressly disclosed in this disclosure.

[0026] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil, which includes slicing a mushroom to obtain mushroom slices; irradiating the mushroom slices with an ultraviolet light, subjecting the irradiated mushroom slices to extraction with an edible oil followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil. The ultraviolet light is a combination of an ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 280-315 nm and an ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 200-280 nm.

[0027] The mushroom provided herein is selected from the group consisting of Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes and a combination thereof. The mushroom needs to be refrigerated within 2 days after being harvest. The ultraviolet light is provided by a UVB lamp of 50-100 W and a UVC lamp of 15-40 W. In the ultraviolet light irradiation, the sliced mushroom is placed on a metal mesh tray, and the ultraviolet lamps are fixed a shelf arranged on both side of the tray and 70-80 cm away from the tray, such that the distance between the tray and the ultraviolet light is 20-60 cm, so as to perform a double-sided irradiation. The separation of the edible oil from the extracted mushroom can be a pressure filtration, a suction filtration or any other solid-liquid separation method.

[0028] In some embodiments, irradiation with the UVB light is performed at a radiation dose of 1.5-6.5 J/m.sup.2 for 8-150 min. The radiation dose of the UVB light can be 1.5 J/cm.sup.2, 2 J/cm.sup.2, 2.5 J/cm.sup.2, 3 J/cm.sup.2, 3.5 J/cm.sup.2, 4 J/cm.sup.2, 4.5 J/cm.sup.2, 5 J/cm.sup.2, 5.5 J/cm.sup.2, 6 J/cm.sup.2, 6.5 J/cm.sup.2 and any value in a range formed by any two of these point values. Irradiation with the UVC light is performed at a radiation dose of 80-120 mJ/m.sup.2 for 20-30 min.

[0029] In some embodiments, the mushroom slices have a thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method further includes

[0031] before the extraction with the edible oil, crushing the irradiated mushroom slices into 80-150 mesh particles. In some embodiments, the irradiated mushroom slices is crushed by an ultrafine pulverizer.

[0032] In some embodiments, the extraction includes adding the edible oil and the irradiated mushroom slices into an extraction tank, vacuumizing the extraction tank and introducing nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% into the extraction tank to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.02-0.1 MPa.

[0033] In some embodiments, the extraction is performed at 10-85° C. for 8-120 h, and a weight ratio of the edible oil to a dry weight of the irradiated mushroom slices is 0.5-30:1. Preferably, the extraction is performed at 10-35° C. The mushroom used herein is fresh mushroom, and a moisture content of the fresh mushroom is about 90%. The dry weight of the mushroom is generally calculated as 10% of the weight of the fresh mushroom.

[0034] In some embodiments, the edible oil is selected from the group consisting of a sunflower oil, a rapeseed oil, an olive oil, a corn oil, a camellia seed oil, a soybean oil, a peanut oil and a combination thereof.

[0035] In some embodiments, the mushroom is subjected to a pretreatment that a residual culture medium such as straw is removed, and then the mushroom is cleaned through manually cleaning or mechanical cleaning.

[0036] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil prepared by the above-mentioned method. The vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil has a vitamin D.sub.2 content equal to or more than 10 μg/g, a peroxide value no more than 15 meq/kg and an acid value no more than 3 mg/g.

[0037] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a food comprising the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil prepared by the above-mentioned method, and the food is a health food or a functional food.

[0038] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] In the following examples, the content of vitamin D.sub.2 in the vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil is measured according to GB 5009.82 using a high performance liquid chromatograph of L-7000 produced by Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan). The recovery rate of extracted vitamin D.sub.2=(the content of vitamin D.sub.2 in the mushroom oil×the quality of mushroom oil)/(the dry weight of mushroom×the content of vitamin D.sub.2 in the dry mushroom)×100%. The peroxide value is measured according to GB5009.227-2016. The acid value is measured according to GB5009 0.229-2016.

[0040] Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes are purchased from Shandong Deze Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. (China). The sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, corn oil, camellia seed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil are purchased from COFCO (China).

Example 1

[0041] (1) Slicing

[0042] Freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Agaricus bisporus was cut into slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0043] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0044] Double sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 280 nm at an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 180 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 200 nm at an irradiation dose of 80 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 30 min.

[0045] (3) Crushing

[0046] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0047] (4) Extraction

[0048] The crushed Agaricus bisporus (dry weight: 2 kg) and 1 kg of a sunflower oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.06 MPa. The extraction was performed at 25° C. for 120 h.

[0049] (5) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0050] The mixture of the sunflower oil and the Agaricus bisporus material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Example 2

[0051] (1) Slicing

[0052] Freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Agaricus bisporus was cut into slices with a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0053] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0054] Double sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 300 nm at an irradiation dose of 4 J/cm.sup.2 for 100 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 240 nm at an irradiation dose of 100 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 25 min.

[0055] (3) Crushing

[0056] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0057] (4) Extraction

[0058] The crushed Agaricus bisporus (dry weight: 2 kg) and 30 kg of a rapeseed oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.02 MPa. The extraction was performed at 10° C. for 75 h.

[0059] (5) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0060] The mixture of the rapeseed oil and the Agaricus bisporus material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Example 3

[0061] (1) Slicing

[0062] Freshly harvested Lentinus edodes was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Lentinus edodes was cut into slices with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0063] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0064] Double sides of the Lentinus edodes slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 315 nm at an irradiation dose of 6.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 8 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 280 nm at an irradiation dose of 120 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 20 min.

[0065] (3) Crushing

[0066] The irradiated Lentinus edodes slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0067] (4) Extraction

[0068] The crushed Lentinus edodes (dry weight: 2 kg) and 60 kg of a corn oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.1 MPa. The extraction was performed at 35° C. for 8 h.

[0069] (5) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0070] The mixture of the corn oil and the Lentinus edodes material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a suction filtration machine to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Example 4

[0071] (1) Slicing

[0072] Freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Agaricus bisporus was cut into slices with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0073] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0074] Double sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 305 nm at an irradiation dose of 8 J/cm.sup.2 for 10 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 200 nm at an irradiation dose of 150 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 15 min.

[0075] (3) Crushing

[0076] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0077] (4) Extraction

[0078] The crushed Agaricus bisporus (dry weight: 2 kg) and 15 kg of a soybean oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.1 MPa. The extraction was performed at 65° C. for 100 h.

[0079] (5) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0080] The mixture of the soybean oil and the Agaricus bisporus material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Example 5

[0081] (1) Slicing

[0082] Freshly harvested Lentinus edodes was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Lentinus edodes was cut into slices with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0083] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0084] Double sides of the Lentinus edodes slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 290 nm at an irradiation dose of 3 J/cm.sup.2 for 150 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 220 nm at an irradiation dose of 90 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 30 min.

[0085] (3) Crushing

[0086] The irradiated Lentinus edodes slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0087] (4) Extraction

[0088] The crushed Lentinus edodes (dry weight: 2 kg) and 0.5 kg of an olive oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.05 MPa. The extraction was performed at 85° C. for 8 h.

[0089] (5) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0090] The mixture of the olive oil and the Lentinus edodes material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Example 6

[0091] (1) Slicing

[0092] Freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 10 kg of the Agaricus bisporus and 10 kg Lentinus edodes was cut into slices with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0093] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0094] Double sides of the slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 285 nm at an irradiation dose of 3.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 90 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 205 nm at an irradiation dose of 110 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 25 min.

[0095] (3) Extraction

[0096] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes (dry weight: 2 kg), 20 kg of a camellia seed oil and 20 kg of a peanut oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.15 MPa. The extraction was performed at 60° C. for 60 h.

[0097] (4) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0098] The mixture of the camellia seed oil, the peanut oil, the Agaricus bisporus and the Lentinus edodes was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Example 7

[0099] (1) Slicing

[0100] Freshly harvested Lentinus edodes was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Lentinus edodes was cut into slices with a thickness of 2.5 mm.

[0101] (2) Ultraviolet light irradiation

[0102] Double sides of the Lentinus edodes slices were irradiated with iltraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 295 nm at an irradiation dose of 4.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 90 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 215 nm at an irradiation dose of 110 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 25 min.

[0103] (3) Extraction

[0104] The irradiated Lentinus edodes (dry weight: 2 kg), 15 kg of a sunflower oil, 15 kg of a rapeseed oil and 15 kg of a soybean oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.05 MPa. The extraction was performed at 60° C. for 60 h.

[0105] (4) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0106] The mixture of the sunflower oil, the rapeseed oil, the soybean oil and the Lentinus edodes material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Comparative Example 1

[0107] (1) Slicing

[0108] Freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Agaricus bisporus was cut into slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0109] (2) Crushing

[0110] The Agaricus bisporus slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0111] (3) Extraction

[0112] The crushed Agaricus bisporus (dry weight: 2 kg), 15 kg of a sunflower oil and 15 kg of a rapeseed oil were mixed in an extraction tank. After the extraction tank was vacuumized, nitrogen with a purity of no less than 99.9% was introduced to keep a pressure in the extraction tank at 0.06 MPa. The extraction was performed at 25° C. for 100 h.

[0113] (4) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0114] The mixture of the sunflower oil, the rapeseed oil and the Agaricus bisporus material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Comparative Example 2

[0115] (1) Slicing

[0116] Freshly harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual culture medium. 20 kg of the Agaricus bisporus was cut into slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0117] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0118] Double sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) light with a wavelength of 280 nm at an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 100 min, and then irradiated with ultraviolet C (UVC) light with a wavelength of 200 nm at an irradiation dose of 80 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 30 min.

[0119] (4) Drying: The irradiated Agaricus bisporus was dried with hot air at 200° C. for 150 min.

[0120] (3) Crushing

[0121] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices were crushed into 80-150 mesh particles.

[0122] (4) Extraction

[0123] The crushed Agaricus bisporus (dry weight: 2 kg) and 6 kg of a soybean oil were mixed in an extraction tank for mixing. The extraction was performed at room temperature and pressure for 100 h.

[0124] (5) Solid-Liquid Separation

[0125] The mixture of the soybean oil and the Agaricus bisporus material was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a plate and frame filter press to obtain a vitamin D.sub.2-containing mushroom oil.

Experimental Results

[0126] The mushroom oils containing vitamin D.sub.2 prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were respectively analyzed for the vitamin D.sub.2 content in the mushroom oil, the recovery rate of the extracted vitamin D.sub.2, the peroxide value and the acid value of the mushroom oil. The measured data were shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Vitamin D.sub.2 content in the mushroom oil, recovery rate of the extracted vitamin D.sub.2, peroxide value and acid value of the mushroom oil Vitamin D.sub.2 Recovery content in the rate of the mushroom extracted Peroxide Acid oil vitamin D.sub.2 value value Sample (μg/g) (%) (meq/kg) (mg/g) Example 1 2154.1 87.1 4.76 0.76 Example 2 40.98 96.7 4.15 0.73 Example 3 19.94 97.5 3.87 0.59 Example 4 45.88 96.3 5.17 0.81 Example 5 1473.17 79.7 5.35 0.84 Example 6 19.24 89.8 11.28 2.24 Example 7 15.76 88.9 12.07 1.81 Comparative 1.22 96.8 6.1 2.13 Example 1 Comparative 9.68 82.3 16.1 3.49 Example 2

[0127] Table 1 shows that in Examples 1-7 using the method of present disclosure, the edible oil can effectively extract vitamin D.sub.2 in the mushroom, and the vitamin D.sub.2 content in mushroom oil is up to 2154.1 μg/g. Comparing Comparative Example 1 with Examples 1-7, it can be seen that the irradiation using UVB and UVC to the mushroom can effectively promote the conversion of ergosterol in the mushroom into vitamin D.sub.2 and increase the content of vitamin D.sub.2. Comparing Comparative Example 2 with Examples 1-7, it can be seen that without high-temperature drying, the vitamin D.sub.2 in the mushroom is directly extracted with the edible oil to isolate oxygen and control the extraction temperature, which can effectively prevent the vitamin D.sub.2 from isomerization or degradation.

[0128] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments, and not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. It should be noted that variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the disclosure should fall within the scope of the disclosure defined by the appended claims.