VITAMIN D2-RICH MUSHROOM POWDER, AND PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF

Abstract

A method for preparing a vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder, including: slicing a mushroom to obtain mushroom slices, irradiating the mushroom slices with an ultraviolet light, drying the mushroom slices in nitrogen to obtain dried mushroom slices, and pulverizing the dried mushroom slices to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder. The ultraviolet light irradiation is performed at an ambient temperature of 20-55° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 50-85%, and a moisture content of the mushroom slices is not less than 20%.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder, comprising: (1) slicing a mushroom to obtain mushroom slices; irradiating the mushroom slices with an ultraviolet light; wherein the ultraviolet light is a combination of a 280-315 nm UVB and a 200-280 nm UVC; the ultraviolet light irradiation is performed at a temperature of 20-55° C. and a relative humidity of 50-85%; and a moisture content of the mushroom slices is not less than 20% during the ultraviolet light irradiation; (2) drying the irradiated mushroom slices obtained in step (1) in nitrogen to obtain dried mushroom slices; and (3) pulverizing the dried mushroom slices obtained in step (2) to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein irradiation with the UVB is performed at an irradiation dose of 1.5-6.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 8-150 min.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein radiation with the UVC is performed at an irradiation dose of 80-120 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 20-30 min.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet light irradiation is performed on two sidesides of the mushroom slices.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the mushroom slices have a thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the drying is performed at 60-80° C. in a warm air drying oven.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the dried mushroom slices are subjected to superfine pulverization to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder with a particle size of 100-200 mesh.

8. A vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein in the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder, a content of vitamin D.sub.2 is more than or equal to 350 μg/g; the total number of colonies is less than or equal to 800 cfu/g; and no pathogenic bacteria are detected.

9. A food comprising the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder of claim 8, wherein the food is a health food or a functional food.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, each range between the end values of each range, between the end values of each range and individual point values, and between individual point values can be combined with each other to give one or more new numerical ranges, and such numerical ranges should be construed as specifically disclosed herein.

[0025] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for preparing a vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder, which has the following steps.

[0026] (1) A mushroom is sliced to obtain mushroom slices, and the mushroom slices are irradiated with an ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light is a combination of a 280-315 nm UVB and a 200-280 nm UVC. The ultraviolet light irradiation is performed at a temperature of 20-55° C. and a relative humidity of 50-85%. A moisture content of the mushroom slices is not less than 20% during the ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0027] (2) The irradiated mushroom slices obtained in step (1) are dried in nitrogen to obtain dried mushroom slices.

[0028] (3) The dried mushroom slices obtained in step (2) are pulverized to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder.

[0029] In this application, the mushroom can be Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes, other mushroom species or a combination thereof. The mushroom needs to be refrigerated to be 15° C. or less within 2 days after being harvested The ultraviolet light is provided by a UVB lamp tube and a UVC lamp tube. The power of the UVB lamp tube is 50-100 W, and the power of the UVC lamp tube is 15-40 W. The mushroom is sliced and placed on a metal mesh tray, and the ultraviolet lamp tubes are fixed on the shelf which is located on both sides of the tray and 70-80 cm away from the tray, to ensure that the distance between the tray and the ultraviolet light is 10-60 cm for double-sided irradiation. The mushroom is dried by a hot air circulating drying oven, and the circulating air is filled with nitrogen with purity above 99.9%. The compressed air is provided by an oil-free air compressor, and the nitrogen is generated by a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator. An air outlet of the nitrogen generator is connected to an inlet of the circulating air of the hot air circulating drying oven for nitrogen filling and drying.

[0030] In some embodiments, irradiation with the UVB is performed at an irradiation dose of 1.5-6.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 8-150 min. The intensity of the UVB light can be 1.5 J/cm.sup.2, 2 J/cm.sup.2, 2.5 J/cm.sup.2, 3 J/cm.sup.2, 3.5 J/cm.sup.2, 4 J/cm.sup.2, 4.5 J/cm.sup.2, 5 J/cm.sup.2, 5.5 J/cm.sup.2, 6 J/cm.sup.2, 6.5 J/cm.sup.2 or any value between the two values.

[0031] In some embodiments, irradiation with the UVC is performed at an irradiation dose of 80-120 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 20-30 min.

[0032] In some embodiments, in step (1), the mushroom slices have a thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm. The mushroom needs to be manually or mechanically cleaned before slicing to remove the residual medium.

[0033] In some embodiments, in step (2), the drying is performed at 60-80° C. in a warm air drying oven.

[0034] In some embodiments, in step (3), the dried mushroom slices are subjected to superfine pulverization to obtain the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder with a particle size of 100-200 mesh.

[0035] In a second aspect, this application provides a vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder prepared by the above method. In the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder, a content of vitamin D.sub.2 is more than or equal to 350 μg/g. The total number of colonies is less than or equal to 800 cfu/g, and no pathogenic bacteria is detected.

[0036] In a third aspect, this application provides a food containing the vitamin D.sub.2-rich mushroom powder, and the food is a healthy food or a functional food.

[0037] The application will be further described below in detail with reference to the accompanying examples. In the following examples, the content of vitamin D.sub.2 is measured by the method of GB14755-2010 using L-7000 high performance liquid chromatography (Hitachi, Japan). The total number of colonies is measured by the method of GB4789.2-2016, the Escherichia coli are measured by the method of GB4789.3-2016, and the pathogenic bacteria are measured by the method of GB 29921-2013. Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes are commercial products of Shandong Linyi Ruize Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

Example 1

[0038] (1) Slicing

[0039] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0040] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0041] Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 280 nm at an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 180 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 200 nm at an irradiation dose of 80 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 30 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature of 20° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 50%, and a moisture content of the Agaricus bisporus slices was maintained at 20%.

[0042] (3) Drying

[0043] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were dried at 60° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices.

[0044] (4) Pulverization

[0045] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus powder with a particle size of 100 mesh.

Example 2

[0046] (1) Slicing

[0047] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slice with a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0048] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0049] Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 300 nm at an irradiation dose of 4 J/cm.sup.2 for 100 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 240 nm at an irradiation dose of 100 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 25 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature of 35° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 70%, and a moisture content of the Agaricus bisporus slices was maintained at 30%.

[0050] (3) Drying

[0051] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were dried at 70° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices.

[0052] (4) Pulverization

[0053] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus powder with a particle size of 200 mesh.

Example 3

[0054] (1) Slicing

[0055] Freshly-harvested Lentinus edodes was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Lentinus edodes were sliced into Lentinus edodes slices with a thickness of 1.0 mm.

[0056] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0057] Two sides of the Lentinus edodes slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 315 nm at an irradiation dose of 6.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 8 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 280 nm at an irradiation dose of 120 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 20 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature of 55° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 85%, and a moisture content of the Lentinus edodes slices was maintained at 40%.

[0058] (3) Drying

[0059] The irradiated Lentinus edodes slices were dried at 80° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Lentinus edodes slices.

[0060] (4) Pulverization

[0061] The dried Lentinus edodes slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain a Lentinus edodes powder with a particle size of 150 mesh.

Example 4

[0062] (1) Slicing

[0063] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0064] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0065] Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 305 nm at an irradiation dose of 8 J/cm.sup.2 for 8 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 200 nm at an irradiation dose of 80 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 30 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature of 20° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 50%, and a moisture content of the Agaricus bisporus slices was maintained at 20%.

[0066] (3) Drying

[0067] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were dried at 60° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices.

[0068] (4) Pulverization

[0069] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus powder with a particle size of 100 mesh.

Example 5

[0070] (1) Slicing

[0071] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes were cleaned to remove the residual medium. 5 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus and 5 kg of the cleaned Lentinus edodes were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices and Lentinus edodes slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0072] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0073] Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices and the Lentinus edodes slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 290 nm at an irradiation dose of 3 J/cm.sup.2 for 180 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 220 nm at an irradiation dose of 150 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 20 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature of 45° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 65%, and a moisture content of the Agaricus bisporus slices and the Lentinus edodes slices were maintained to 30%.

[0074] (3) Drying

[0075] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices and the Lentinus edodes slices were dried at 50° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices and dried Lentinus edodes slices.

[0076] (4) Pulverization

[0077] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices and the dried Lentinus edodes slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes powder with a particle size of 180 mesh.

Example 6

[0078] (1) Slicing

[0079] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes were cleaned to remove the residual medium. 5 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus and 5 kg of the cleaned Lentinus edodes were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices and Lentinus edodes slices with a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0080] (2)

[0081] Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices and the Lentinus edodes slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 290 nm at an irradiation dose of 1 J/cm.sup.2 for 150 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 260 nm at an irradiation dose of 110 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 20 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature od 25° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 60%, and a moisture content of the Agaricus bisporus slices and the Lentinus edodes slices were maintained at 20%.

[0082] (3) Drying

[0083] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices and the Lentinus edodes slices were dried at 75° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices and a dried Lentinus edodes slices.

[0084] (4) Pulverization

[0085] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices and the dried Lentinus edodes slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes powder with a particle size of 180 mesh.

Comparative Example 1

[0086] (1) Slicing

[0087] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices with a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0088] (2) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

[0089] Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slice were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 280 nm at an irradiation dose of 1.5 J/cm.sup.2 for 100 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 200 nm at an irradiation dose of 80 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 15 min under normal temperature and pressure.

[0090] (3) Drying

[0091] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were dried at 60° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices.

[0092] (4) Pulverization

[0093] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus powder with a particle size of 100 mesh.

Comparative Example 2

[0094] (1) Slicing

[0095] Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices with a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0096] (2) Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with UVB with a wavelength of 300 nm at an irradiation dose of 4 J/cm.sup.2 for 65 min and then irradiated with UVC with a wavelength of 240 nm at an irradiation dose of 100 mJ/cm.sup.2 for 10 min, where the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed at an ambient temperature of 35° C. and an ambient relative humidity of 70%, and a moisture content of the Agaricus bisporus slices were maintained at 30%.

[0097] (3) Drying

[0098] The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were dried at 120° C. in nitrogen in a warm air drying oven to obtain dried Agaricus bisporus slices.

[0099] (4) Pulverization

[0100] The dried Agaricus bisporus slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus powder with a particle size of 200 mesh.

Comparative Example 3

[0101] (1) Freshly-harvested Agaricus bisporus was cleaned to remove the residual medium. 10 kg of the cleaned Agaricus bisporus were sliced into Agaricus bisporus slices with a thickness of 1.2 mm.

[0102] (2) Two sides of the Agaricus bisporus slices were irradiated with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 360 nm for 90 min under normal temperature and pressure.

[0103] (3) The irradiated Agaricus bisporus slices were subjected to freeze drying under vacuum at a sublimation temperature of 90° C., and the moisture content of the freeze-dried Agaricus bisporus slices was 3.4%.

[0104] (4) The freeze-dried Agaricus bisporus slices were superfinely pulverized to obtain Agaricus bisporus powder with a particle size of 150 mesh.

[0105] The mushroom powders prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were measured for the vitamin D.sub.2 content, the total number of colonies, Escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria, and the measurement results were shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Measurement results of mushroom powders in Examples 1-6 Content of Total number Escherichia vitamin D.sub.2 of colonies coli Pathogenic Number (μg/g) (cfu/g) (MPN/g) bacteria/25 g Example 1 615.3 561 <0.3 — Example 2 630.8 453 <0.4 — Example 3 611.7 358 <0.3 — Example 4 354.8 610 <0.5 — Example 5 458.1 587 <0.4 — Example 6 432.7 679 <0.4 — Comparative 178.9 1130 <0.6 — Example 1 Comparative 168.7 1253 <0.8 — Example 2 Comparative 89.6 1317 <0.9 — Example 3

[0106] It can be seen from Table 1 that the content of vitamin D.sub.2 in the mushroom powder obtained by the preparation method of this application was significantly increased, the microbial indicators (total number of colonies and Escherichia co/i) were significantly better than those of the Comparative Examples, and pathogenic bacteria were not detected, meeting the food safety requirements. It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 that by adjusting the environmental temperature and relative humidity during the ultraviolet light irradiation, the content of vitamin D.sub.2 in mushroom powder was increased by 2.43 times, and the total number of colonies was reduced by 569 cfu/g. By comparing Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that when nitrogen was used to isolate oxygen and reduce the drying temperature, the content of vitamin D.sub.2 was also significantly improved with respect to the mushroom powder obtained by high-temperature drying in oxygen. The content of vitamin D.sub.2 in the mushroom powder obtained by the preparation method of this application can reach 630.8 μg/g.

[0107] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Any changes, modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure.