METHOD FOR CONTROLLING DRIVES OF A ROBOT, AND ROBOT SYSTEM

Abstract

In a method for operating a computer having a user interface, e.g., a graphical and/or interactive user interface, a robot, which has members, e.g., arms, rotatable relative to each other and a tool and/or a load, are displayed graphically. One of the members is selectable from an indicated set of members, and a value of an inertial characteristic, e.g., a value of the mass, of this member is able to be inputted. The value of the mass of the member, the position of the center of mass of the member, and both the magnitude and the direction of each of the principal axes of inertia of the selected member are displayed graphically.

Claims

1-7. (canceled)

8. A method for controlling drives of a robot, comprising: moving an object by the robot along a trajectory with a velocity characteristic; moving a member by at least a first one of the drives of the robot, the first one of the drives including a torque controller, the member including partial members; supplying to the torque controller a sum of a precontrol value and a control output of a second controller as a setpoint torque value, the second controller arranged as a speed controller; determining the precontrol value from the velocity characteristic in view of mass of the partial members and inertia tensors of the partial members; to graphically check plausibility of a value of the mass, and to determine and graphically check plausibility of the inertia tensors with the aid of a user interface of a computer connected to a control system for data transmission: selecting a picture of a partial member from a predefined set of different, graphically portrayed partial members; and inputting the mass of the partial member represented by the picture; and graphically representing, with the aid of the user interface of the computer, the value of the mass and of components of the inertia tensor and transmitting the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor to the control system.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the object includes a tool and/or a load.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the object is moved by the drives of the robot.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the member of the robot includes an arm of the robot.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the second controller is arranged as a speed controller of a machine shaft.

13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the partial members have a uniform mass distribution.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the precontrol value is determined from the velocity characteristic in view of the mass of the partial members, the inertia tensors of the partial members, and coordinates of the partial members in a frame of reference specific to the member.

15. The method according to claim 8, wherein the predefined set of different, graphically portrayed partial members are three-dimensionally portrayed.

16. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor are graphically represented three-dimensionally.

17. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor are graphically represented for plausibility-checking.

18. A method for controlling drives of a robot, comprising: moving an object by the robot along a trajectory with a velocity characteristic; moving a member by at least a first one of the drives of the robot, the first one of the drives including a controller supplied with an actual torque value and a setpoint torque value calculated as a sum of a precontrol value and a control output of a second controller, the second controller being supplied an actual speed value and a setpoint speed value, the member including partial members; determining the precontrol value from the velocity characteristic in view of mass of the partial members and inertia tensors of the partial members; to graphically check plausibility of a value of the mass, and to determine and graphically check plausibility of the inertia tensors with the aid of a user interface of a computer connected to a control system for data transmission: selecting a picture of a partial member from a predefined set of different, graphically portrayed partial members; and representing the mass of the partial member by a picture being inputted; and with the aid of the user interface of the computer, graphically representing the value of the mass and of components of the inertia tensor, and transmitting the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor to the control system.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the object includes a tool and/or a load.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the object is moved by the drives of the robot.

21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the member of the robot includes an arm of the robot.

22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the controller includes a torque controller.

23. The method according to claim 18, wherein the second controller includes a speed controller.

24. The method according to claim 18, wherein the second controller is suppled an actual speed value of a machine shaft.

25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the partial members have a uniform mass distribution.

26. The method according to claim 18, wherein the precontrol value is determined from the velocity characteristic in view of the mass of the partial members, the inertia tensors of the partial members, and coordinates of the partial members in a frame of reference specific to the member.

27. The method according to claim 18, wherein the predefined set of different, graphically portrayed partial members are three-dimensionally portrayed.

28. The method according to claim 18, wherein the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor are graphically represented three-dimensionally.

29. The method according to claim 18, wherein the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor are graphically represented for plausibility-checking.

30. A method for operating a computer having a user interface and/or having a graphical and/or interactive user interface, comprising: graphically displaying a robot having members rotatable relative to each other and a tool and/or a load; selecting one of the members from a displayed set of members; inputting a value of an inertial characteristic of the selected member; and graphically displaying a value of mass of the selected member, a position of a center of mass of the selected member, and both magnitude and direction of each principal axis of inertia of the selected member.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the members include arms.

32. The method according to claim 30, wherein the value of the inertial characteristic includes a value of a mass of the selected member.

33. The method according to claim 30, wherein the selected member includes selected partial members in a multipart manner, values of the inertial characteristics of the partial members are inputted, and the value of the mass of each of the partial members, the position of the center of mass of each of the partial members, and both the magnitude and the direction of each of the principal axes of inertia of each of the selected partial members are displayed graphically.

34. The method according to claim 30, wherein the value of each mass is indicated using a graphic display of a sphere, and a size of the displayed sphere and/or a radius of the sphere corresponds to the value of the mass.

35. The method according to claim 30, wherein a robot is configured with the aid of the inputted data and value, and the inputted value is transmitted from the computer to a control system of the robot.

36. A robot system, comprising: a robot; a control system; and a computer including a user interface; wherein the robot system is adapted to perform: (a) a method for controlling drives of the robot, including: moving an object by the robot along a trajectory with a velocity characteristic; moving a member by at least a first one of the drives of the robot, the first one of the drives including a torque controller, the member including partial members; supplying to the torque controller a sum of a precontrol value and a control output of a second controller as a setpoint torque value, the second controller arranged as a speed controller; determining the precontrol value from the velocity characteristic in view of mass of the partial members and inertia tensors of the partial members; to graphically check plausibility of a value of the mass, and to determine and graphically check plausibility of the inertia tensors with the aid of a user interface of a computer connected to a control system for data transmission: selecting a picture of a partial member from a predefined set of different, graphically portrayed partial members; and inputting the mass of the partial member represented by the picture; and graphically representing, with the aid of the user interface of the computer, the value of the mass and of components of the inertia tensor and transmitting the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor to the control system; and/or (b) a method for controlling drives of the robot, including: moving an object by the robot along a trajectory with a velocity characteristic; moving a member by at least a first one of the drives of the robot, the first one of the drives including a controller supplied with an actual torque value and a setpoint torque value calculated as a sum of a precontrol value and a control output of a second controller, the second controller being supplied an actual speed value and a setpoint speed value, the member including partial members; determining the precontrol value from the velocity characteristic in view of mass of the partial members and inertia tensors of the partial members; to graphically check plausibility of a value of the mass, and to determine and graphically check plausibility of the inertia tensors with the aid of a user interface of a computer connected to a control system for data transmission: selecting a picture of a partial member from a predefined set of different, graphically portrayed partial members; and representing the mass of the partial member by a picture being inputted; and with the aid of the user interface of the computer, graphically representing the value of the mass and of components of the inertia tensor, and transmitting the value of the mass and of the components of the inertial tensor to the control system.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] A robot, in particular, an industrial robot, is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1, a member 2 of the robot being selected.

[0020] An input option for the mass of selected member 2 is illustrated in FIG. 2.

[0021] As illustrated in FIG. 3, the member includes two partial members 21, 22.

[0022] Centers of mass, including masses and principal axes of inertia of the two partial members 21, 22, are illustrated in FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] As schematically illustrated in the Figures, the robot includes members 1, 2, 3, e.g., arms, for example, articulated arms, which are mounted at pivotal points so as to be able to rotate relative to each other.

[0024] First member 1 is mounted on floor 5. A second member 2 rotationally mounted to the first member is provided, and a third member 3 rotationally mounted to second member 2 is provided; a tool or a load 4 is situated on the third member.

[0025] Each pivotal point is assigned a machine shaft, that is, e.g., a gear motor, as well, which is powered by a converter and may be controlled by a control system.

[0026] The control system, together with the converter, are parameterizable and connected to a computer, which includes a graphical user interface that has input devices and display devices.

[0027] In a first configuring step, a robot, which corresponds to the robot to be controlled, is selected on the graphical user interface.

[0028] In this context, a schematic illustration according to FIG. 1 is displayed.

[0029] The clicking-on of a schematic picture of a member 2, which is symbolized in FIG. 1 by an arrow, allows for a subsequent method step, namely, the inputting of a parameter, such as mass m of member 2, as well as the input, that member 2 is constructed to have a plurality of parts.

[0030] If it has been entered, that the member is constructed to have a plurality of parts, then, in a subsequent method step, the selection of partial members 21, 22 and entry of the parameters of partial members 21, 22 of member 2 is made possible. In this instance, these parameters include the masses of partial members 21, 22 and the three spatial components of the vector, which represents the offset and/or spatial angular position of the specific member 22 with respect to the reference coordinate system or the center of mass of member 2.

[0031] The displaying of the input window is initiated by clicking.

[0032] The inputting of parameters is then allowed, e.g., the inputting of the translational and/or rotational offset of partial members 21, 22 with respect to the reference coordinate system of the overall member, that is, e.g., second member 2, that includes partial members 21, 22. In this context, the inputted values are represented graphically, e.g., with the aid of arrows or connecting lines.

[0033] In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the center of mass of each partial member 21, 22 is displayed graphically, e.g., by a line from the reference point to the center of mass. Furthermore, the mass of each partial member 21, 22 is represented by the size of a sphere, whose center is positioned at the center of mass of respective partial member 21, 22. In this context, the radius of the specific sphere is proportional to the respective mass.

[0034] In addition, to represent the inertia tensor of specific partial member 21, 22 graphically, the principal axes of inertia of partial members 21, 22 are also illustrated, e.g., in each instance, in direction and magnitude, using arrows. The length of the specific arrow represents the magnitude of the respective, principal moment of inertia.

[0035] For example, the inertial characteristics are also represented by a common geometric figure, such as a right parallelepiped having a uniform mass distribution, although specific partial member 21, 22 does not have to have the shape of a right parallelepiped and does not have to have a uniform mass distribution.

[0036] In this context, the center of mass of the specific right parallelepiped may correspond to the center of mass of respective partial member 21, 22. The principal axes of inertia of the right parallelepiped are the same as the principal axes of inertia of partial member 21, 22.

[0037] With the aid of the graphical display, a check of the plausibility of the determined quantities is made possible in a simple manner. For example, the value of the mass is also graphically represented by a sphere and is therefore readily comparable to the values of mass of other partial members illustrated in the same manner.

[0038] After the determination of the inertia tensor by the computer and the graphical display on the user interface of the computer, the corresponding values and the value of the mass are transmitted from the computer to the control system and used there for determining a precontrol signal, that is, e.g., precontrol value characteristic, as a function of a predefined trajectory. The precontrol signal corresponds to a torque characteristic.

[0039] In further exemplary embodiments, the graphical displays of other members, such as of first member 1 or third member 3, may be switched on or off.

[0040] The conversion factors used for the graphical display are, e.g., adjustable, using a graphically displayed, e.g., interactive, slide control.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0041] 1 member, e.g., arm [0042] 2 member, e.g., arm [0043] 3 member, e.g., arm [0044] 4 load [0045] 5 floor [0046] 21 partial member [0047] 22 partial member