ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED JOURNAL BEARING FOR A WIND TURBINE GEARBOX
20210270358 · 2021-09-02
Inventors
- Hayden McgarityBashiri (Springdale, OH, US)
- Aaron Wertz (Cincinnati, OH, US)
- Kevin M. Vandevoorde (Cincinnati, OH, US)
- Raed Zuhair Hasan (Greenville, SC, US)
- Priyangu C. Patel (Simpsonville, SC, US)
- John P. Davis (Duanesburg, NY, US)
- Ganesh Raut (Bangalore, IN)
Cpc classification
F03D15/00
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B33Y10/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F16H37/041
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C33/12
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Y02P70/50
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
B29C64/393
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F16C2223/42
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B22F7/08
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F05B2240/50
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F03D80/70
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B33Y80/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B22F5/08
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F05B2260/40311
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C2223/80
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B33Y50/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B22F10/14
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F16C3/02
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C2361/61
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B29C64/124
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B22F10/85
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Y02E10/72
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
F16C33/1065
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B22F10/28
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B22F5/009
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F05B2230/30
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C17/02
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B22F10/40
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F16C2223/46
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B22F10/25
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B22F12/90
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Y02P10/25
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
International classification
F16H57/02
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B29C64/124
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B33Y10/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B33Y80/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D15/00
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F03D80/70
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C17/02
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C33/10
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16C33/12
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F16H1/28
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Abstract
A method for manufacturing a gear assembly of a gearbox in a wind turbine includes providing a pin shaft of the gear assembly. The method also includes depositing material onto an exterior surface of the pin shaft of the gear assembly via an additive manufacturing process driven by a computer numerical control (CNC) device to form a bearing that circumferentially surrounds and adheres to the pin shaft. Further, the method includes providing a gear circumferentially around the bearing to form the gear assembly.
Claims
1. A method for manufacturing a gear assembly of a gearbox in a wind turbine, the method comprising: providing a pin shaft of the gear assembly; depositing at least one material onto an exterior surface of the pin shaft of the gear assembly via an additive manufacturing process driven by a computer numerical control (CNC) device to form a bearing that circumferentially surrounds and adheres to the pin shaft; and, providing a gear circumferentially around the bearing to form the gear assembly.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the material on the pin shaft of the gear assembly via the additive manufacturing process driven by the CNC device further comprises building up the material layer by layer on the pin shaft of the gear assembly via the additive manufacturing process.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the additive manufacturing process comprises at least one of metal wire transfer, electron beam melting, inertial welding, powder nozzle laser deposition, directed energy deposition, binder jetting, material jetting, laser cladding, cold spray deposition, directed energy deposition, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, direct metal laser sintering, direct metal laser melting, cold metal transfer, metal inert gas (MIG) welding, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, or vat photopolymerisation.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying heat to an outer surface of the bearing via an energy source.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming at least one additional feature into at least one of an outer surface of the bearing, a cross-section of the bearing, an outer surface of the pin shaft, a cross-section of the gear, end faces of the gear, or an inner surface of the gear via the additive manufacturing process.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one additional feature comprises at least one of an oil path, one or more ribs, one or more structural supports, an alignment feature, a cooling channel, an inspection path, a signal wiring path, a spacer, or a sensor recess.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising forming a plurality of the additional features, at least one of the plurality of additional features having a greater thickness than remaining additional features.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising forming the oil path to have a helical shape into the outer surface of the bearing.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the CNC device comprises a controller communicatively coupled to a robotic arm configured to deposit the material onto the exterior surface of the pin shaft, the controller configured to control at least two axes of rotation of the pin shaft.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein an interface between the pin shaft and the bearing is absent of mechanical fasteners.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the bearing comprises a journal bearing and the gear comprises a planet gear of the gearbox.
12. A gearbox assembly, comprising: a gearbox housing; and, a gear assembly configured within the gearbox housing, the gear assembly comprising: a plurality of planet gears each rotatably mounted to a respective pin shaft via a bearing, the bearings mounted to each of the pin shafts and secured thereto via a circumferential bond, the circumferential bond comprising at least one of an adhesion bond, a fusion bond, or a metallurgical bond; at least one sun gear; at least one ring gear, the plurality of planet gears being engaged with the ring gear and configured to rotate about the sun gear; and, at least one carrier operatively coupled with the pin shafts.
13. The gearbox assembly of claim 12, wherein the bearing is formed via an additive manufacturing process driven by a computer numerical control (CNC) device, the additive manufacturing process forming the circumferential bond.
14. The gearbox assembly of claim 13, wherein the additive manufacturing process comprises at least one of metal wire transfer, electron beam melting, inertial welding, powder nozzle laser deposition, directed energy deposition, binder jetting, material jetting, laser cladding, cold spray deposition, directed energy deposition, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, direct metal laser sintering, direct metal laser melting, cold metal transfer, metal inert gas (MIG) welding, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, or vat photopolymerisation.
15. The gearbox assembly of claim 12, wherein one or more of the bearings, the plurality of planet gears, the pin shafts, or the carrier further comprises at least one additional feature formed therein or thereon via the additive manufacturing process.
16. The gearbox assembly of claim 15, wherein the at least one additional feature comprises at least one of an oil path, one or more ribs, one or more structural supports, an alignment feature, a cooling channel, an inspection path, a signal wiring path, a spacer, or a sensor recess.
17. The gearbox assembly of claim 12, wherein an interface between the pin shaft and the bearing is absent of mechanical fasteners.
18. The gearbox assembly of claim 12, wherein the bearing comprises a journal bearing and the gear comprises a planet gear of the gearbox.
19. A method for manufacturing a gear assembly of a gearbox in a wind turbine, the method comprising: providing a carrier of the gear assembly having a body and at least one shaft extending therefrom, the carrier comprising at least one of a first stage carrier and a second stage carrier; and, depositing material onto an exterior surface of the shaft of the carrier of the gear assembly via an additive manufacturing process driven by a computer numerical control (CNC) device to form a journal bearing that circumferentially surrounds and adheres to the shaft.
20. The gearbox assembly of claim 19, further comprising forming at least one additional feature adjacent to the journal bearing between the journal bearing and the body of the carrier, the at least one additional feature comprising a greater thickness than a thickness of the journal bearing so as to withstand thrust loads of the gearbox.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
[0017]
[0018]
[0019]
[0020]
[0021]
[0022]
[0023]
[0024]
[0025]
[0026]
[0027]
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0030] Generally, the present disclosure is directed to a gear assembly that includes one or more journal bearings formed via additive manufacturing and methods of manufacturing same. It should be understood that the pin shafts and/or carrier shafts described herein are meant to encompass any shafts within the gearbox, including pin shafts at planetary stages as well as non-planetary stages (e.g. helical stages) and first and second stages (or so on) of the gearbox. In one aspect, the method includes providing a pin or carrier shaft of the gear assembly. Further, the method includes depositing material onto an exterior surface of the shaft via an additive manufacturing process driven by a CNC device to form the journal bearing that circumferentially surrounds and adheres to the shaft. Moreover, the method includes providing a gear circumferentially around the additive-manufactured bearing to form the gear assembly.
[0031] Thus, the present disclosure provides many advantages not present in the prior art. For example, the methods of the present disclosure create an adhesion, fusion, or metallurgical circumferential bond between the pin or carrier shaft and the journal bearing material. Such bonding eliminates the need for mechanical fasteners, thereby reducing the interference stresses. In addition, the methods and bearings of the present disclosure enable a smaller envelope for the gear assembly, use less material, have a reduced weight, and require less machining and/or assembly time. The journal bearings described herein can also be optimized with multiple materials as needed, i.e. by adding different materials in different areas based on estimated stresses, etc. Moreover, the CNC device can be programmed to complete the manufacturing process that provides additional productivity benefits and repeatability relative to a manual process. Further, the journal bearings of the present disclosure can be hardened by simply heating the surface of the bearing, for example, with a concentrated and/or amplified energy or light source, rather than requiring the entire bearing to be heat treated. As such, the methods of the present disclosure can improve the overall process speed and/or automation.
[0032] Referring now to the drawings,
[0033] As shown, the wind turbine 10 may also include a turbine control system or a turbine controller 26 centralized within the nacelle 16. For example, as shown in
[0034] Referring now to
[0035] Referring now to
[0036] Further, the gear assembly 38 includes a first planetary carrier 40 and a second planetary carrier 42 operatively coupling a plurality of gears. Further, as shown, the gear assembly 38 includes, at least, a ring gear 41, one or more planet gears 44, a sun gear 46, one or more first pin shafts 43, and one or more second pin shafts 45. For example, in several embodiments, the gear assembly 38 may include one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more planet gears 44. Further, each of the gears 41, 44, 46 includes a plurality of teeth. For example, as shown in
[0037] In some embodiments, one or both of the planetary carriers 40, 42 may be stationary. In these embodiments, the input shaft 32 may be coupled to the ring gear 41, and input loads on the input shaft 32 may be transmitted through the ring gear 41 to the planet gears 44. Thus, the ring gear 41 may drive the gear assembly 38. In other embodiments, the ring gear 41 may be stationary. In these embodiments, the input shaft 32 may be coupled to the planetary carriers 40, 42, and input loads on the input shaft 32 may be transmitted through the planetary carriers 40, 42 to the planet gears 44. Thus, the planetary carriers 40, 42 may drive the gear assembly 38. In still further embodiments, any other suitable component, such as the planet gear 44 or the sun gear 46, may drive the gear assembly 38.
[0038] Still referring to
[0039] The gearbox assembly 36 may also include a lubrication system or other means for circulating oil throughout the gearbox components. For example, as shown in
[0040] Referring now to
[0041] More specifically, in certain embodiments, the bearing 50 may correspond to a journal bearing. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the bearing 50 may be formed directly onto the pin shaft 43, e.g. via an additive manufacturing process. In such embodiments, as shown, an interface between the pin shaft 43 and the bearing 50 may be absent of mechanical fasteners, thereby simplifying the assembly. Rather, as shown, the bearings 50 of the present disclosure may be mounted to each of the pin shafts 43, 45 and secured thereto via a circumferential bond 52. More specifically, as shown, the circumferential bond 52 may include an adhesion bond, a fusion bond, and/or a metallurgical bond spending on the type of additive manufacturing process used to build up the bearing material. Thus, the bond 52 replaces conventional fasteners of prior art assemblies and eliminates interference stresses, thereby enabling a smaller space envelope. In addition, the gear assembly 38 of the present disclosure requires less material/weight and reduces machining and assembly time for the journal bearing.
[0042] In certain embodiments, the bearing material may include various metals or metal alloys, including, for example, a copper alloy (e.g. bronze). Thus, the bearing material may provide improved wear characteristics under loading (especially at startup and shutdown, when an oil film may be insufficient to separate the rotating and non-rotating surfaces). In addition, in particular embodiments, the bearing material can be thinner than conventional bearings (e.g. from about 1 millimeter (mm) to about 5 mm as opposed to 10-15 mm).
[0043] As used herein, additive manufacturing generally refers to processes used to create a three-dimensional object in which layers of material are deposited or formed under computer control to create an object. More specifically, the additive manufacturing processes described herein may include metal wire transfer, electron beam melting, inertial welding, powder nozzle laser deposition, directed energy deposition, binder jetting, material jetting, laser cladding, cold spray deposition, directed energy deposition, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, direct metal laser sintering, direct metal laser melting, cold metal transfer, metal inert gas (MIG) welding, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, vat photopolymerisation, or any other suitable additive manufacturing process now known or developed in the future. Thus, in one embodiment, bearing material may be deposited onto the respective pin shafts(s) 43, 45 layer by layer via a computer numerical control (CNC) device 54 to build up the bearing 50 via an additive manufacturing process driven.
[0044] Referring particularly to
[0045] In addition, as shown, the controller 56 may include one or more processor(s) 66 and associated memory device(s) 68 configured to perform a variety of computer-implemented functions (e.g., performing the methods, steps, calculations and the like and storing relevant data as disclosed herein). Additionally, the controller 56 may also include a communications interface 70 to facilitate communications between the interface 70 and the various components of the CNC device 54. Further, the communications module 68 may include a sensor interface 72 (e.g., one or more analog-to-digital converters) to permit signals transmitted from one or more sensors to be converted into signals that can be understood and processed by the processor(s) 66. It should be appreciated that the sensors (not shown) may be communicatively coupled to the communications interface 70 using any suitable means. For example, as shown in
[0046] As used herein, the term “processor” refers not only to integrated circuits referred to in the art as being included in a computer, but also refers to a controller, a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific integrated circuit, and other programmable circuits. The processor 66 is also configured to compute advanced control algorithms and communicate to a variety of Ethernet or serial-based protocols (Modbus, OPC, CAN, etc.). Additionally, the memory device(s) 68 may generally comprise memory element(s) including, but not limited to, computer readable medium (e.g., random access memory (RAM)), computer readable non-volatile medium (e.g., a flash memory), a floppy disk, a compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM), a magneto-optical disk (MOD), a digital versatile disc (DVD) and/or other suitable memory elements. Such memory device(s) 68 may generally be configured to store suitable computer-readable instructions that, when implemented by the processor(s) 66, configure the controller 56 to perform the various functions as described herein.
[0047] Referring now to
[0048] Accordingly, it should be understood that any suitable features may be easily formed into the bearing 50 and/or the pin shaft(s) 43, 45 to locally increase stiffness where desired and/or to provide desired material properties. For example, in certain embodiments, as shown in
[0049] Referring particularly to
[0050] Referring particularly to
[0051] Referring now to
[0052] It should be appreciated that, although
[0053] As shown at 102, the method 100 includes providing a pin shaft 43, 45 of the gear assembly 38. As shown at 104, the method 100 includes depositing material onto an exterior surface of the pin shaft 43, 45 of the gear assembly 38 via an additive manufacturing process driven by the CNC device 54 to form a bearing 50 that circumferentially surrounds and adheres to the pin shaft 43, 45. As shown at 106, the method 100 includes providing a gear 44, such as one of the planet gears 44, circumferentially around the bearing 50 to form the gear assembly 38. In further embodiments, as shown at 108, the method 100 may optionally include applying heat to the outer surface 55 of the bearing 50, e.g. via any suitable energy source, so as to harden the bearing 50. For example, in particular embodiments, the energy source may include a light source, a photon source, an electron source, and/or combinations thereof.
[0054] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.