ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCER WITH A LAYER STRUCTURE

Abstract

Electromechanical transducer (1, 21, 28) having a layer structure comprising, in this order: a first layer (2) which has, in at least one plane, at least one outwardly insulated, structured, electrically conductive region (3) acting as an electrical shield, a second layer (6) serving as an adhesive layer, which is electrically conductive at least at certain points, a third layer (13, 22) comprising an electromechanical functional element, a fourth layer (15, 23) serving as an adhesive layer, which is electrically conductive at least at certain points, a fifth layer (17, 24), which has, in at least one plane, at least one outwardly insulated structured electrically conductive region (18) acting as an electrical shield. In addition, a method for manufacturing such an electromechanical transducer (1, 21, 28) is described.

Claims

1. An electromechanical transducer having a layered structure comprising in this order: a first layer which has, in at least one plane, at least one outwardly insulated, structured, electrically conductive region acting as an electrical shield, a second layer serving as an adhesive layer, which is electrically conductive at least at certain points, a third layer comprising an electromechanical functional element, a fourth layer serving as an adhesive layer, which is electrically conductive at least at certain points, a fifth layer which has, in at least one plane, at least one outwardly insulated structured electrically conductive region acting as an electrical shield, wherein the first layer and/or the fifth layer has or have a contact exposed on the outside.

2. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein the contacting is designed as a plug or as a socket or as an electronic unit.

3. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein each layer has at least one contact which is electrically conductive at least at points or a through-plating via which the layer is electrically conductively connected to an adjacent layer.

4. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein the second to fifth layers have at least one electrically conductive connection to the first layer, either directly or via a layer arranged in between.

5. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein two adjacent layers preferably all adjacent layers, are bonded to one another in a material-to-material bond.

6. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 5, wherein at least two adjacent layers, preferably all layers, are bonded to one another by a polymer matrix in a material-locking and/or form-fitting manner.

7. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 5, wherein the material bond is formed on at least 20% of the surface of the electromechanical transducer from polymers, in particular from a resin matrix.

8. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein the functional element is designed as one of the following sensors: piezoelectric sensor, capacitive sensor, inductive sensor, conductivity sensor, resistive sensor, piezoresistive sensor, pyroelectric sensor, position sensor, gyrometer, Hall sensor, magnetometer, radar sensor, proximity sensor, or as an electronic circuit.

9. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 8, wherein the electronic circuit comprises one or more of the following components: signal amplifier, filter, A/D converter, control unit for signal processing, data memory, wireless data transmission module, module for wireless transmission of power, ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), DSP (digital signal processor), FPGA (field programmable gate array).

10. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein at least one layer is thermally curable or cured or self-adhesive.

11. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a plurality of layers comprising an electromechanical functional element.

12. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein at least one layer comprises a fiber-reinforced polymer.

13. The electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is electrically insulating at least in sections and/or parallel to a plane defined by the adhesive layer.

14. A method of manufacturing an electromechanical transducer, comprising the following steps: providing a first layer which has, in at least one plane, at least one outwardly insulated, structured, electrically conductive region acting as an electrical shield, providing a second layer serving as an adhesive layer, which is electrically conductive at least at points, providing a third layer comprising an electromechanical functional element, providing a fourth layer serving as an adhesive layer, which is electrically conductive at least at certain points, providing a fifth layer having in at least one plane at least one outwardly insulated, patterned, electrically conductive region acting as an electrical shield, stacking and aligning the first through fifth layers to form a panel area, pressing the layers under pressure, and dividing the panel area.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the layers are pressed together with the application of heat.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the layers are pressed together for a few minutes or a few seconds or preferably only for fractions of a second.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein at least one layer is subjected to cleaning or surface activation such as plasma treatment prior to pressing.

18. The method according to claim 14, wherein a cold-curing adhesive, a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive or a duromer structural adhesive is used as the adhesive layer.

19. (canceled)

Description

[0036] Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below by means of examples with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic representations and show:

[0037] FIG. 1 a sectional view of a first embodiment of an electromechanical transducer according to the invention,

[0038] FIG. 2 a second embodiment of an electromechanical transducer according to the invention, and

[0039] FIG. 3 a third embodiment of an electromechanical transducer according to the invention.

[0040] FIG. 1 is a sectional view and shows an electromechanical transducer 1 with a layered structure. The electromechanical transducer 1 comprises a first layer 2, which has in at least one plane at least one outwardly insulated, structured, electrically conductive region 3 acting as an electrical shield. The planar region 3 forms an outer layer that is electrically insulated from the outside of the electromechanical transducer 1. In addition, the first layer 2 comprises another planar region 4 spaced from the planar region 3. The two planar regions 3, 4 are embedded in a polymer matrix 5 and are thereby materially bonded to one another.

[0041] The first layer 2 is followed by a second layer 6, which serves as an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is electrically conductive at various points 7. At each of these points 7 there is an electrical contact transverse to the adhesive layer, i.e. from one side of the adhesive layer to the opposite side. From the second layer 6 serving as the adhesive layer, a contacting 8 extends perpendicular to the layer plane to the outer side 9 of the electromechanical transducer 1. The contacting 8 terminates there in a contact 10. In FIG. 1, it can be seen that further contacts are present on the outer side 9. Several contacts 11 extend to the flat area 3. A contact 12 connects the outside 9 with the flat area 4.

[0042] In the view of FIG. 1, a third layer 13 comprising an electromechanical functional element is located underneath the second layer 6, which serves as an adhesive layer. In the embodiment shown, the electromechanical functional element is designed as a piezoelectric sensor 14. The sensor 14 makes use of the piezoelectric effect. When a mechanical pressure is applied, an electric charge is generated, which can be supplied to an amplifier. Subsequently, the signal supplied by the piezoelectric sensor 14 can be processed and evaluated.

[0043] Below the third layer 13, in the view of FIG. 1, there is a fourth layer 15 serving as an adhesive layer, which is constructed in the same way as the layer 6 serving as an adhesive layer. The layer 15 serving as an adhesive layer is electrically conductive at points. For this purpose, contacts are provided at several points 16 which penetrate the adhesive layer. The layer 15 serving as the adhesive layer connects the third layer 13 and a fifth layer 17. The fifth layer 17 is basically constructed like the first layer 2. It comprises an outwardly insulated, structured, electrically conductive region 18 in one plane. In addition, the fifth layer 17 comprises a further plane region 19 which is spaced from the plane region 18 in the thickness direction. The two planar regions 18, 19 are—analogously to the planar regions 3, 4 of the first layer 2—embedded in a polymer matrix 20.

[0044] From the contact 10 on the outside 9, the contact 8 extends through the second layer 6, which serves as an adhesive layer, and the fourth layer 15, which serves as an adhesive layer, to the fifth layer 17, which is connected to the contact 10 in this way. The various contacts serve to electrically contact the electromechanical transducer 1 with external components, for example with an amplifier or with an evaluation circuit.

[0045] The total of five layers of the electromechanical transducer 1 consist of a polymer or a fiber-reinforced polymer, with electrically conductive or electrically insulating regions being provided in the layer as required. Each layer has at least one electrically conductive contact, at least at points, or a two-dimensional contact or a through-plating, via which the respective layer is connected to one or more adjacent layers.

[0046] The electromechanical transducer described in this embodiment can be easily manufactured in large quantities using an automated process. For this purpose, a panel is produced comprising a plurality of electromechanical transducers arranged in rows and columns. After stacking the individual layers, compression molding is performed. The panel is then cut up, creating the individual electromechanical transducers.

[0047] FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an electromechanical transducer 21, which is constructed similarly to the transducer described in the first embodiment. A detailed description of corresponding components is therefore omitted here.

[0048] The electromechanical transducer 21 comprises the first layer 2 with the planar area 3, which is insulated from the outside, structured and electrically conductive and serves as an electrical shield. This is followed by the second layer 6, which serves as an adhesive layer. A third layer 22 comprises an electromechanical functional element designed as a sensor 14. A fourth layer 23, which is located on the side of the third layer 22 opposite the layer 6 in the view of FIG. 2, serves as an adhesive layer.

[0049] A fifth layer 24 forms an outer side 25 opposite the outer side 9. The fifth layer 24 comprises an outwardly insulated, structured, electrically conductive region 26 acting as an electrical shield. In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the electromechanical transducer 21 is symmetrically constructed. Accordingly, two identical sensors 14 are present, each of which is provided with an adhesive layer on both sides. The fifth layer 24 adjoins the adhesive layer of the lower sensor in FIG. 2. An intermediate layer 27 is located between the two inner adhesive layers.

[0050] FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of an electromechanical transducer 28 that is similar in construction to the electromechanical transducer shown in FIG. 2, and also has similar shielding to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0051] 1 electromechanical transducer [0052] 2 first layer [0053] 3 planar region [0054] 4 planar region [0055] polymer matrix [0056] 6 second layer [0057] 7 point [0058] 8 contacting [0059] 9 exterior [0060] 10 contact [0061] 11 contact [0062] 12 contact [0063] 13 third layer [0064] 14 sensor [0065] 15 fourth layer [0066] 16 point [0067] 17 fifth layer [0068] 18 planar region [0069] 19 planar region [0070] 20 polymer matrix [0071] 21 electromechanical transducer [0072] 22 third layer [0073] 23 fourth layer [0074] 24 fifth layer [0075] 25 outer side [0076] 26 region [0077] 27 intermediate layer [0078] 28 electromechanical transducer