NON-MAGNETIC WATCH COMPONENT WITH IMPROVED WEAR RESISTANCE

Abstract

A non-magnetic watch component (1) comprising a substrate (4) made of a copper alloy, wherein at least one part of the substrate (4) has a surface layer (5) including CuxTi.sub.y intermetallics, and a method for manufacturing this watch component.

Claims

1. A non-magnetic watch component (1) comprising a substrate (4) made of a copper alloy, wherein at least one part of the substrate (4) comprises a surface layer (5) including Cu.sub.xTi.sub.y intermetallics.

2. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the copper alloy is chosen from the group including the alloys CuNi, CuSn, CuZn, CuNiZn, CuNiSn, CuBe, CuBePb, CuAl, CuAlNi and CuAlNiFe.

3. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic layer (5) has a thickness comprised between 20 nm and 10 microns and preferably between 500 nm and 2.5 μm.

4. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic layer (5) has a hardness of more than 400 HV.sub.0.01, and preferably more than 500 HV.sub.0.01.

5. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic layer (5) includes one or more compounds chosen from the group including Cu.sub.4Ti, Cu.sub.2Ti, CuTi, Cu.sub.3Ti.sub.2, CuTi.sub.2 and Cu.sub.4Ti.sub.3.

6. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the intermetallic layer (5) has on the outer surface thereof a residual layer of titanium.

7. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 6, wherein the residual titanium layer has a thickness comprised between 1 nm and 5 μm.

8. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in the component is a component of the movement or of the external watch parts.

9. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the component is chosen from the group including a pallet plate, a wheel plate, a gear train, an arbor, a pallet staff and a pinion.

10. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 9, wherein the component consists of a pivot arbor, said part being a pivot (3), a screw, a winding stem or a balance spring stud.

11. The non-magnetic watch component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the component is chosen from the group including a case middle, a case back, a bezel, a pusher, a bracelet link, a bracelet and a crown.

12. A method for manufacturing a non-magnetic watch component (1) including the following steps: a) providing a substrate (4) made of a copper alloy, wherein at least one part of said substrate (4) already substantially has the final shape of the non-magnetic watch component (1), b) depositing a titanium layer on said part of the substrate (4), c) heat treating to diffuse the titanium in the copper alloy to form a layer of Cu.sub.xTi.sub.y intermetallics on said part.

13. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the diffusion heat treatment is carried out at a temperature comprised between 600° C. and 900° C. for a time comprised between 30 minutes and 10 hours and preferably between 1 and 6 hours.

14. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the substrate (4) is manufactured by casting, rolling, powder metallurgy, or additive manufacturing possibly followed by a machining operation.

15. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the titanium layer is deposited by galvanic means, by PVD, by ALD or by CVD.

16. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the deposited titanium layer has a thickness comprised between 20 nm and 10 μm and preferably between 500 nm and 2.5 μm.

17. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the method includes a step of selectively removing the residual titanium layer remaining around the intermetallic layer (5) after the diffusion heat treatment.

18. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, wherein the method includes a heat treatment step of volume hardening the substrate (4) carried out at a temperature comprised between 300 and 500° C., preferably between 320° C. and 450° C., for a time comprised between 30 minutes and 3 hours, preferably between 30 and 90 minutes, said step being carried out after step c).

19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein the method includes a step of quenching to a temperature below 200° C. between the diffusion heat treatment step c) and the volume hardening heat treatment step.

20. The manufacturing method according to claim 19, wherein the diffusion heat treatment step c) is used for the dissolution of Ni and Sn for a CuNiSn alloy or of Be for a CuBe or CuBePb alloy.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Other features and advantages will appear clearly from the following description, given by way of non-limiting illustration, with reference to the annexed drawings, in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 is a representation of a timepiece component, and more precisely of a balance staff, according to the invention; and

[0016] FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of one of the pivots of the arbor of FIG. 1 coated with an outer layer of intermetallics.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] In the present description, the term “non-magnetic” alloy means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic alloy, whose magnetic permeability is less than or equal to 1.01.

[0018] The invention relates to a watch component intended for the movement or the external watch parts. Thus, it may be an external component chosen from the non-exhaustive list including a case middle, a case back, a bezel, a pusher, a bracelet link, a bracelet or strap, a buckle and a crown. For the movement, the non-exhaustive list may include a pallet plate, a wheel plate, a gear train, an arbor, a pallet-staff and a pinion. More specifically, the watch component can be a pivot arbor with at least one part of said arbor, such as a pivot, a screw, a winding stem or a balance spring stud having improved wear resistance and tribological properties owing to the method of the invention.

[0019] The invention will be described below in the context of application to a non-magnetic balance staff, generally referenced 1 for a watch component, as represented in FIG. 1. Parts of this type have a body with a diameter of less than 2 mm, and pivots with a diameter of less than 0.2 mm, with a precision of a few microns.

[0020] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a balance staff 1 according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters, preferably formed by bar turning or any other chip removal machining technique, and conventionally defining bearing surfaces 2a and shoulders 2b arranged between two end portions defining two pivots 3. These pivots are each intended to pivot in a bearing, typically in an orifice of a jewel or ruby.

[0021] According to the invention and as represented in FIG. 2, at least one part of watch component 1, and, in the illustrated example, at least one pivot 3, is formed of a substrate 4 made of a non-magnetic metal alloy in order to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields. This alloy is any copper alloy such as, for example, a CuNi, CuSn, CuZn, CuNiZn, CuNiSn, CuAl, CuAlNi, CuAlNiFe, CuBe or CuBePb alloy. More specifically, again by way of example, one can choose a CuNi15Sn8, CuNi9Sn6 or CuNi7.5Sn5 alloy from among CuNiSn and CuBe2 alloys or CuBe2Pb from among CuBe alloys. According to the invention, at least one part of substrate 4 has a surface layer of Cu.sub.xTi.sub.y intermetallics referenced 5. This intermetallic layer contains one or more of the following compounds: Cu.sub.4Ti, Cu.sub.2Ti, CuTi, Cu.sub.3Ti.sub.2, CuTi.sub.2, Cu.sub.4Ti.sub.3. It has a thickness comprised between 20 nm and 10 μm and preferably between 500 nm and 2.5 μm.

[0022] According to the invention, the intermetallic layer has a hardness HV.sub.0.01 (10 g load) greater than 400 HV.sub.0.01 and preferably greater than 500 HV.sub.0.01. The substrate itself has a hardness less than or equal to 400 HV.sub.0.01.

[0023] The method of manufacturing the watch component of the invention includes the following steps: [0024] Providing the substrate made of copper alloy (Cu) with at least one part of said substrate already substantially having the final shape of the watch component, [0025] Depositing a layer of titanium (Ti) on said part, [0026] Carrying out a diffusion heat treatment to transform at least partially said titanium layer into a layer of Cu.sub.xTi.sub.y intermetallics.

[0027] According to the invention, the substrate can be made by any suitable technique: casting, rolling, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, etc., followed, if required for sizing, by a machining operation. It can be fully sized before the titanium layer is deposited, It is also possible for only one part of the substrate to be sized prior to the deposition of the titanium layer and for the rest of the component to be sized after the diffusion heat treatment. More specifically for a balance staff, at least the pivot is sized by bar turning or any other chip removal machining technique from copper alloy bars with a diameter of less than 3 mm and preferably less than 2 mm prior to the deposition of the titanium layer.

[0028] The titanium layer can be added around the substrate by galvanic means, PVD, CVD, ALD, or any other suitable process. The deposited layer has a thickness comprised between 20 nm and 10 μm, and preferably between 500 nm and 2.5 μm. The diffusion heat treatment is carried out in a range of temperatures comprised between 600 and 900° C. for a time comprised between 30 minutes and 10 hours, and preferably between 1 and 6 hours. According to a variant of the invention, the whole titanium layer is transformed to intermetallics. According to another variant of the invention, the titanium layer is only partially transformed to intermetallics, with a layer of titanium thus remaining around the intermetallic layer. This residual titanium layer has a thickness comprised between 1 nm and 5 μm. It may be kept on the final product or removed by selective chemical etching or polishing.

[0029] The method may also include a heat treatment for volume hardening of the substrate, such as, for example, spinodal decomposition hardening for CuNiSn family alloys or structural hardening for CuBe family alloys, in a range of temperatures comprised between 300 and 500° C., preferably between 320° C. and 450° C., for a time comprised between 30 minutes and 3 hours, more particularly between 30 minutes and 1 hour 30 minutes. The hardening heat treatment first requires high temperature dissolution of the elements involved in the hardening, Ni and Sn for a CuNiSn alloy or Be for a CuBe or CuBePb alloy, followed by quenching to maintain in solution the elements before carrying out the hardening heat treatment. According to the invention, the diffusion heat treatment between 600 and 900° can be used to carry out the dissolution. By way of example, for a CuBe2Pb alloy, the Ti diffusion and Be dissolution treatment is carried out at 800° C., the substrate is then rapidly cooled to a temperature below 200° C. before being treated at 325° C. for 3 hours for the precipitation of CuBe2. Generally, the manufacturing method thus includes, after the titanium layer deposition step, the steps of: [0030] Heat treating to diffuse the Ti and dissolve, for example, Ni and Sn for a CuNiSn alloy or Be for a CuBe or CuBePb alloy, at a temperature comprised between 600 and 900° C. for a time comprised between 30 minutes and 10 hours and preferably between 1 and 6 hours. [0031] Quenching to a temperature below 200° C. [0032] Carrying out a hardening heat treatment at a temperature comprised between 300 and 500° C., preferably between 320 and 450° C., for a time comprised between 30 minutes and 3 hours and preferably between 30 and 90 minutes.

[0033] The manufacturing method can be finalised after the surface diffusion heat treatment or volume hardening treatment as appropriate, by a surface finish step such as polishing or rolling.