LIVING MARINE RESOURCE PRODUCTION METHOD AND LIVING MARINE RESOURCE PRODUCTION DEVICE

Abstract

A deep water drawing step of drawing deep water that exists in a deep region of the sea to a surface region of the sea with an upwelling pipe (1); and a phytoplankton culturing step of culturing the phytoplankton in the upwelling pipe (1) are included to produce, as a basic producer of a food chain, a living marine resource, such as fishes and shellfishes, with phytoplankton produced in the phytoplankton culturing step.

Claims

1. A living marine resource production method in which a living marine resource is produced with phytoplankton as a basic producer of a food chain, the living marine resource production method comprising: drawing deep water that exists in a deep region of the sea to a surface region of the sea with an upwelling pipe; and culturing the phytoplankton in the upwelling pipe.

2. The living marine resource production method according to claim 1, wherein, in the phytoplankton culturing, sunlight is guided into the upwelling pipe and the deep water in the upwelling pipe is irradiated with the sunlight.

3. The living marine resource production method according to claim 2, wherein, in the phytoplankton culturing, a generation amount of the phytoplankton is controlled by adjusting a rising flow rate of the deep water in the upwelling pipe and/or an irradiation amount of the sunlight to the deep water.

4. The living marine resource production method according to claim 1, wherein irradiation of the deep water in the upwelling pipe with sunlight is performed by forming at least a part of the upwelling pipe with a light-transmitting pipe having a light-transmitting property and guiding the sunlight focused on the light-transmitting pipe, or is performed by disposing a light-transmitting rod having a light-transmitting property in the upwelling pipe and in an axial direction thereof and guiding the sunlight focused on the light-transmitting rod.

5. The living marine resource production method according to claim 1, wherein, in the deep water drawing, a temperature difference and a salt concentration difference in the upwelling pipe are used, or the deep water is drawn by a pump.

6. A living marine resource production device which produces a living marine resource with phytoplankton as a basic producer of a food chain, the living marine resource production device comprising: a deep water drawer configured to draw deep water that exists in a deep region of the sea to a surface region of the sea with an upwelling pipe; and a phytoplankton culturer configured to culture the phytoplankton in the upwelling pipe.

7. The living marine resource production device according to claim 6, wherein the phytoplankton culturer comprises an irradiator configured to guide sunlight into the upwelling pipe and irradiating the deep water in the upwelling pipe with the sunlight.

8. The living marine resource production device according to claim 7, wherein the irradiator comprises: a light collector configured to collect the sunlight; and a light-transmitting pipe that forms at least a part of the upwelling pipe and irradiates an inside of the upwelling pipe with sunlight collected by the light collector, or a light-transmitting rod that is disposed in the upwelling pipe and in an axial direction thereof and irradiates the inside of the upwelling pipe with sunlight collected by the light collector.

9. The living marine resource production device according to claim 8, wherein the light-transmitting pipe has a scattering material that is mixed therein and scatters the sunlight, and/or a reflective material that is disposed on an outer peripheral surface thereof and reflects the sunlight.

10. The living marine resource production device according to claim 8, wherein the light-transmitting rod comprises a light-receiving portion having an inverted triangular pyramid shape which is provided at an upper end portion thereof, or a light-receiving portion having an inverted triangular pyramid shape which is provided at an upper end portion thereof and accommodates a convex lens.

11. The living marine resource production device according to claim 6, wherein the deep water drawer uses a temperature difference and a salt concentration difference in the upwelling pipe, or comprises a pump that draws the deep water.

12. The living marine resource production device according to claim 6, wherein the upwelling pipe is formed of a cylindrical film or a stretchable bellows type pipe, and wherein a reinforcing member that maintains a shape of the upwelling pipe in a cylindrical shape is provided.

13. The living marine resource production device according to claim 12, wherein a plurality of the reinforcing members are provided in the upwelling pipe to be spaced from each other.

14. The living marine resource production device according to claim 8, wherein the upwelling pipe is formed of a cylindrical film or a stretchable bellows type pipe, wherein one or a plurality of reinforcing members that maintain a shape of the upwelling pipe in a cylindrical shape is provided, wherein the reinforcing member comprises: a large-diameter ring member provided along an inner circumference of the upwelling pipe; a small-diameter ring member provided inside the large-diameter ring member in a radial direction; and a spoke member that connects the large-diameter ring member and the small-diameter ring member to each other, and wherein the light-transmitting rod is inserted into at least one of the small-diameter ring members.

15. The living marine resource production device according to claim 6, wherein a zooplankton culturing vessel is provided around an upper opening provided in the upwelling pipe to receive the deep water containing the phytoplankton which flows out from the upper opening and to culture zooplankton.

16. The living marine resource production device according to claim 15, wherein a net for growing fishes is stretched around the zooplankton culturing vessel.

17. The living marine resource production device according to claim 6, wherein the phytoplankton culturer has at least one sensor of a chlorophyll sensor that measures a culture state of the phytoplankton in the upwelling pipe, an illuminance sensor that measures illuminance in the upwelling pipe, and a flow rate sensor that measures a flow rate of the deep water in the upwelling pipe, and adjusts phytoplankton culture conditions based on measurement results of the sensors.

18. The living marine resource production device according to claim 8, the living marine resource production device further comprising: an intake blower that takes in outside air; and an air diffuser that is provided under the light-transmitting rod and is formed of a porous body, wherein the light-transmitting rod has, at an axis thereof, an air passage that sends the air taken in from the intake blower to a lower end of the light-transmitting rod, and wherein the air taken in from the intake blower is supplied from the air diffuser into the upwelling pipe via the air passage.

19. The living marine resource production device according to claim 18, wherein the irradiator comprises a housing that has a bottom surface provided with an air chamber to which the air taken in from the intake blower is supplied and a hole into which the light-transmitting rod is inserted, wherein the light-transmitting rod comprises an intake hole that allows the air passage and the air chamber to communicate with each other and the air in the air chamber to be taken into the air passage when the light-transmitting rod is inserted into the hole, and wherein the housing comprises a flexible member that airtightly closes a gap between an outer peripheral surface of the light-transmitting rod and an inner peripheral surface of the hole when the light-transmitting rod is inserted into the hole.

20. The living marine resource production device according to claim 6, wherein the upwelling pipe is formed of a non-light-transmitting member, and wherein the upwelling pipe comprises: a first portion which is provided at an upper portion of the upwelling pipe and is formed in an inverted triangular pyramid shape whose area increases upward; and a second portion which is connected to a lower portion of the first portion and extends from the surface region to the deep region.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a light-transmitting pipe having a different shape from a light-transmitting pipe shown in FIG. 1 with a part thereof shown in a cross section.

[0038] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a light-transmitting pipe which is an improvement of the light-transmitting pipe shown in FIG. 2 with a part thereof shown in a cross section.

[0039] FIG. 4 is a plan view of a living marine resource production device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along line X-X of FIG. 4.

[0041] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a cylindrical film.

[0043] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a light-transmitting rod.

[0044] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a light-transmitting rod having a convex lens.

[0045] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a case in which the light-transmitting rod is provided in the cylindrical film.

[0046] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a case in which the light-transmitting rod having a convex lens is provided in the cylindrical film.

[0047] FIG. 12 is a front view of a reinforcing member.

[0048] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a case in which the light-transmitting rod is disposed in a cylindrical film reinforced with the reinforcing member.

[0049] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a case in which the light-transmitting rod having a convex lens is disposed in a cylindrical film reinforced with the reinforcing member.

[0050] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a case in which an upwelling pipe is a bellows-shaped non-light-transmitting pipe.

[0051] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of an A part of FIG. 16.

[0053] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0054] Hereinafter, a living marine resource production device for realizing a living marine resource production method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0055] FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration view of a living marine resource production device A.sub.1 according to a first embodiment, and shows an example in which the living marine resource production device is applied to a living resource production region B.

[0056] The living marine resource production device A.sub.1 is configured to include an upwelling pipe 1 (a deep water drawing means), an irradiation means 4 (a phytoplankton culturing means), and a zooplankton culturing vessel 7.

[0057] The upwelling pipe 1 is formed of, for example, a long pipe member made of a synthetic resin. The upwelling pipe 1 extends to near the seabed of the sea at which the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 is installed. Specifically, a lower end position of the upwelling pipe 1 is located in deep water existing in a deep region of the sea at which the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 is installed, and an upper end position thereof is located at a surface of surface water of a surface region of the sea at which the living marine resource production device is installed.

[0058] A lower opening 1a that opens in an axial direction of the upwelling pipe 1 is formed at a lower end of the upwelling pipe, and upper openings 1b that open in a radial direction of the upwelling pipe 1 are formed near an upper end of the upwelling pipe. Normally, the length of this upwelling pipe 1 is several hundreds of meters. Further, the inner diameter of the upwelling pipe 1 is about 1 meter. Then, the ratio (L/D) of the length L of the upwelling pipe 1 to the inner diameter D thereof is made sufficiently large to create an upwelling flow in the upwelling pipe 1.

[0059] The upwelling pipe 1 can be divided into a light-transmitting pipe 2 having a light-transmitting property and a non-light-transmitting pipe 3 having a non-light-transmitting property, in the axial direction thereof. The light-transmitting pipe 2 is located on an upper side of the upwelling pipe 1, that is, in the surface region of the sea, and the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 is provided in a form in which it can be joined to a lower end side of the light-transmitting pipe 2. Further, the entire upwelling pipe 1 may be formed by the light-transmitting pipe 2 having a light-transmitting property.

[0060] The light-transmitting pipe 2 is made of a material having excellent transparency, is configured to have a constant wall thickness and rigidity, and has an excellent light-guiding property. Therefore, when an upper end surface of the light-transmitting pipe 2 is irradiated with sunlight, the radiating sunlight is guided toward a lower end surface of the light-transmitting pipe 2, and on the way, the radiating sunlight is guided in a circumferential direction of the light-transmitting pipe 2. The length of the light-transmitting pipe 2 is determined by a state of culture and proliferation of phytoplankton, which will be described later, but usually has a length of several tens of meters.

[0061] The non-light-transmitting pipe 3 is formed of a synthetic resin material that does not transmit visible light as compared with the light-transmitting pipe 2. Further, it is also possible to form the non-light-transmitting pipe with a material such as a metal that does not transmit visible light. The non-light-transmitting pipe 3 is configured such that an upper end surface thereof is joined to the lower end surface of the light-transmitting pipe 2 and a lower end position thereof is located in the deep water existing in the deep region of the sea.

[0062] The non-light-transmitting pipe 3 occupies most of the upwelling pipe 1, which is omitted in the drawing, and has a length excluding the length of several tens of meters of the light-transmitting pipe 2 from the length of several hundreds of meters of the upwelling pipe 1.

[0063] A sinker (a weight) that is not shown may be coupled to a lower end of the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 such that the sea currents do not move the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 in a case in which the living marine resource production device is installed.

[0064] Further, in the illustrated example, the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 is configured to have the same wall thickness as the light-transmitting pipe 2, but to improve transportability and workability and to reduce the manufacturing cost, the non-light-transmitting pipe may be formed of the cylindrical film 3a shown in FIG. 7, which will be described later. The same applies to the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 shown in FIG. 5 which will be described later.

[0065] The irradiation means 4 has, as a light collecting means, a light guide body 5 and a lens 6. The light guide body 5 is made of, for example, a synthetic resin and a material having excellent transparency similar to that of the light-transmitting pipe 2. The light guide body 5 is formed in an inverted triangular pyramid shape having a hole having a diameter equal to a hole diameter of the light-transmitting pipe 2 in the center thereof, and is joined to the upper end surface of the light-transmitting pipe 2.

[0066] The lens 6 is constituted by convex lenses and is provided to cover the entire upper surface of the light guide body 5. The lens 6 is provided to always be located on a water surface (a sea surface) in a case in which the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 is installed. Therefore, when the lens 6 is irradiated with sunlight, the sunlight is focused, and the focused light is guided to the light-transmitting pipe 2 via the light guide body 5.

[0067] The upwelling pipe 1 having the above-described configuration is provided with three types of sensors. Among these sensors, a chlorophyll sensor S.sub.1 is provided on an upper side of the light-transmitting pipe 2 of the upwelling pipe 1 and is configured to be able to detect a culture state of the phytoplankton in the light-transmitting pipe 2. Further, an illuminance sensor S.sub.2 is provided in the light-transmitting pipe 2 and is configured to be able to detect illuminance in the light-transmitting pipe 2. Furthermore, a flow rate sensor S.sub.3 is configured to be able to detect the flow rate of the deep water flowing through the upwelling pipe 1.

[0068] The zooplankton culturing vessel 7 is constituted by a bottomed cylindrical housing 8 having a predetermined volume around the upwelling pipe 1 of the living marine resource production device A.sub.1. The housing 8 is provided to surround the upper openings 1b provided near the upper end of the light-transmitting pipe 2. The upper surface position of the housing 8 is determined to be slightly lower than the position of the water surface (a sea level). The volume of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7 is determined so that the zooplankton can be cultured as prescribed.

[0069] Next, the living resource production region B in which the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 having the above-described configuration is provided will be described. This living resource production region B is configured to include a buoy b.sub.1, a net b.sub.2, and a bottom plate b.sub.3.

[0070] A plurality of buoys b.sub.1 are floated on the sea surface centered on the living marine resource production device A.sub.1. An upper side of the net b.sub.2 that surrounds the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 and is provided in a hanging state is coupled to the buoy b.sub.1. The mesh of the net b.sub.2is determined such that the fishes that are grown in the net b.sub.2 do not escape.

[0071] Further, an anchor (not shown) is coupled to the buoy bi so that the living resource production region B does not flow away with the sea currents.

[0072] The bottom plate b.sub.3 is configured to be coupled to a lower side of the net b.sub.2 and to cover a lower end surface of the living marine resource production device surrounded by the net b.sub.2. The upwelling pipe 1 (the light-transmitting pipe 2) of the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 is provided to penetrate the bottom plate b.sub.3. Further, the zooplankton culturing vessel 7 is provided to be placed on the bottom plate b.sub.3.

[0073] Hereinafter, the culture of the phytoplankton and the culture of zooplankton using the deep water in the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 having the above-described configuration will be described. The “culture” in the present invention includes not only the culture of the phytoplankton or zooplankton, but also the growth and proliferation of the cultured plankton.

[0074] First, the solid arrow in FIG. 1 indicates an upwelling state of the deep water in the upwelling pipe 1, that is, the flow of the deep water rising in the upwelling pipe 1. The same applies to FIGS. 5, 6, 16, and 18 that will be described later. Such a rising flow of the deep water results from a temperature difference and a salt concentration difference in the upwelling pipe 1 of which the lower end side is located in the deep water existing in the deep region of the sea and the upper end side is located in the surface water of the surface region of the sea.

[0075] The rising phenomenon of deep water in the sea was proposed by marine physicist Henry Melson Stommel et al., and a deep water drawing technique based on this rising phenomenon is also proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2001-336479. Here, it is reported that a rising current of 11 m/day can be obtained with a pipe having a diameter of 1 m and a length of 700 m.

[0076] The deep water in the upwelling pipe 1 may be drawn using a pump.

[0077] In the living marine resource production device A.sub.1, the deep water sucked from the lower opening 1a provided in the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 of the upwelling pipe 1 reaches the light-transmitting pipe 2. In the light-transmitting pipe 2, the sunlight focused by the lens 6 is guided to the light-transmitting pipe 2 via the light guide body 5, and the deep water in the light-transmitting pipe 2 is irradiated with the guided light (refer to the arrow indicated by the chain line in FIG. 1; the same applies to the arrow indicated by the chain line in each of the following figures). Since the irradiated light is sunlight, infrared rays that contribute to the heating of water are included in addition to visible rays required for photosynthesis.

[0078] In the deep water in the light-transmitting pipe 2, the phytoplankton is cultured by the radiating light, and in the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, the zooplankton is cultured with the phytoplankton generated in the light-transmitting pipe 2 as a feed. In the living marine resource production device A.sub.1, the culture of plankton is separately controlled for each of a first region Z.sub.1 and a second region Z.sub.2. In this culture, the values from the sensors S.sub.1, S.sub.2, and S.sub.3 described above are used as a reference.

[0079] Further, the regions Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are present in living marine resource production devices A.sub.2 to A.sub.5 which will be described later, and the explanation thereof will be omitted due to overlap.

[0080] Hereinafter, the region Z.sub.1, the region Z.sub.2, and a living resource production region B will be described separately.

(First Region Z.SUB.1.)

[0081] The first region Z.sub.1 covers the entire length of the light-transmitting pipe 2. The deep water that is clean and rich in nutrient salts is introduced into the first region Z.sub.1 from the non-light-transmitting pipe 3, and the introduced deep water is irradiated with the light from the light-transmitting pipe 2. In the first region Z.sub.1, the deep water is separated from the outside by the light-transmitting pipe 2, and a clean property thereof is maintained. Therefore, in the first region Z.sub.1, an environment suitable for photosynthesis is generated under appropriate illuminance and temperature, and the culture of the phytoplankton can be effectively started.

[0082] The illuminance of the first region Z.sub.1 is set weaker in a lower portion than in an upper portion, and the temperature thereof is set lower in a lower portion than in an upper portion. This is because the lower portion of the first region Z.sub.1 is far from the irradiation means 4. In any case, light irradiation to the deep water in the first region Z.sub.1 is adjusted to allow sufficient culture of the phytoplankton. Further, the length of the first region Z.sub.1 of the light-transmitting pipe 2 is determined such that the culture time can be sufficiently ensured.

[0083] The adjustment of the irradiation amount of the light from the light-transmitting pipe 2 to the deep water, that is, the adjustment of the light leakage from the light-transmitting pipe 2, will be described in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3 that will be described later.

[0084] The sunlight naturally arrives in the upper portion of the first region Z.sub.1. The phytoplankton cultured in the lower portion of the first region Z.sub.1 is continuously introduced into the upper portion of the first upper region Z.sub.1. In the upper portion of the first region Z.sub.1, the upper portion of the light-transmitting pipe 2 is open, and thus there is a risk of contamination from the surface water, however, the deep water keeps the upward flow, and thus the contamination can be effectively prevented.

[0085] In the upper portion of the first region Z.sub.1, the sunlight arrives naturally and the phytoplankton introduced from the lower portion of the first region Z.sub.1 is irradiated with the light from the light-transmitting pipe 2 to be effectively cultured. That is, the upper portion of the first region Z.sub.1 is a zone for the phytoplankton to grow and proliferate. Therefore, in the upper portion of the first region Z.sub.1, the amount of light to be emitted from the light-transmitting pipe 2 is adjusted such that the phytoplankton can be effectively cultured.

[0086] As described above, since the first region Z.sub.1 is formed in the light-transmitting pipe 2 in which the irradiation amount of sunlight can be easily adjusted, and the inside of the light-transmitting pipe 2 is a region in which the degree of contamination is lower than the surface water and the water quality is controlled, and which is not easily affected by environmental fluctuations such as weather, it is possible to provide a feature that the generation amount of phytoplankton can be easily controlled. Therefore, in the first region Z.sub.1, the phytoplankton as a basic producer of a food chain can be effectively cultured.

(Second Region Z.SUB.2.)

[0087] The second region Z.sub.2 covers the inside of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7. The deep water containing the phytoplankton generated in the first region Z.sub.1 flows into the zooplankton culturing vessel 7 from the upper opening 1b of the upwelling pipe 1. In the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, the inflowing phytoplankton grows further, the grown phytoplankton becomes a feed for the zooplankton, and the zooplankton is effectively cultured.

[0088] The zooplankton culturing vessel 7 is easily contaminated because an upper surface thereof is wide open, however, since the inside of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7 is filled with the deep water, the inside of the zooplankton culturing vessel is a region in which the degree of contamination is lower than that of the surface water and the water quality is controlled to some extent. Thus, the inside of the zooplankton culturing vessel is maintained in an environment suitable for phytoplankton and zooplankton culture. Also, the volume of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, that is, the volume of the second region Z.sub.2, is determined to ensure the time for sufficiently culturing the zooplankton with the phytoplankton as a feed.

(Living Resource Production Region B)

[0089] The deep water that includes the zooplankton abundantly overflows from the zooplankton culturing vessel 7 into the living resource production region B. The zooplankton that spills into the living resource production region B can serve as a feed for fishes and help the growth of fishes. Moreover, since the deep water that spills into the living resource production region B still contains nutrient salts, it is possible to promote the growth of seaweed.

[0090] The living marine resource production device A.sub.1 having the above-described configuration can culture the phytoplankton in the light-transmitting pipe 2 of the upwelling pipe 1 that has the lower opening 1a in the deep water existing in the deep region of the sea and the upper opening 1b in the surface region of the sea, that is, in a state isolated from the sea outside thereof. Moreover, since the deep water rising in the upwelling pipe 1 is rich in nutrient salts and clean, the phytoplankton can be efficiently allowed to proliferate. Further, the upwelling pipe 1 can draw the deep water without the need for artificial power such as a pump, and can be realized at a low cost with an extremely simple structure and a small installation area. Further, since the light-transmitting pipe 2 has the chlorophyll sensor S.sub.1, the illuminance sensor S.sub.2, and the flow rate sensor S.sub.3 to detect the state of the inside thereof, the flow velocity, the temperature, the illuminance, or the like suitable for the phytoplankton culture can be controlled by the detection of these sensors S.sub.1 to S.sub.3, so that the phytoplankton can be efficiently cultured.

[0091] Furthermore, in the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 having the above-described configuration, the phytoplankton cultured in the light-transmitting pipe 2 is accommodated in the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, so that the zooplankton can be efficiently cultured as a feed for fishes.

[0092] Furthermore, in the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 having the above-described configuration, the living resource production region B is provided around the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, so that the deep water including the zooplankton can be supplied to the living resource production region B from the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, and thus living marine resources such as fishes, shellfishes, and seaweed can be efficiently produced in the living resource production region B.

[0093] FIG. 2 shows a light-transmitting pipe 2a different from the light-transmitting pipe 2 shown in FIG. 1. When the light-transmitting pipe 2a is manufactured, a scatterer 2a.sub.1 that reflects light received in the material is mixed in the light-transmitting pipe 2a. Examples of the scatterer 2a.sub.1 include inorganic substances and bubbles capable of reflecting light. In the light-transmitting pipe 2a, it is possible to adjust the light leakage to the deep water in the light-transmitting pipe 2a by adjusting the dispersed state or the density difference of the scatterer 2a.sub.1. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light leakage at a place near the irradiation means 4 or to increase the light leakage at a place away from the irradiation means 4.

[0094] FIG. 3 shows a light-transmitting pipe 2b which is an improvement of the light-transmitting pipe 2a shown in FIG. 2. An outer periphery of the light-transmitting pipe 2b is covered with a reflective material 2b.sub.1 that reflects light. In this way, the light-transmitting pipe 2b of which the outer periphery is covered with the reflective material 2b.sub.1 can prevent light leakage to the outside of the light-transmitting pipe 2b and can efficiently leak the light to the deep water in the light-transmitting pipe 2a.

[0095] Although not shown, as the light leakage adjustment of the light-transmitting pipe, in addition to those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the surface of the light-transmitting pipe may be made uneven to change the refractive index of the light.

[0096] FIGS. 4 and 5 show a living marine resource production device A.sub.2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a plan view, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along line X-X of FIG. 4. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as those of the above-mentioned living marine resource production device A.sub.1, and the description thereof will be omitted due to overlap. The same applies to living marine resource production devices A.sub.3 to A.sub.5 which will be described later.

[0097] The living marine resource production device A.sub.2 differs from the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 described above in that a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) irradiation means 10 corresponding to the irradiation means 4 of the living marine resource production device A.sub.1 are provided. That is, in the living marine resource production device A.sub.2, four irradiation means 10 are disposed around the zooplankton culturing vessel 7.

[0098] The irradiation means 10 has light guide bodies 11a and 11b, a housing 12, and a lens 13 as a light collecting means. The light guide bodies 11a and 11b are formed of a light-transmitting material, and are provided in the housing 12 in a watertight manner while maintaining a predetermined space. Of these light guide bodies 11a and 11b, the light guide body 11 a is located near the outer periphery of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, and is configured with a lens 13 made of a convex lens joined to an upper surface thereof. The light guide body 11b extends in a horizontal direction, one end side thereof is joined to the light guide body 11a, and the other end side thereof is joined to a thick portion 2′ of the light-transmitting pipe 2.

[0099] In the living marine resource production device A.sub.2, a floating body 9 (omitted in FIG. 4) is provided on the outer periphery of the housing 8 of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7. An anchor (not shown) is coupled to the floating body 9 so that the living marine resource production device A.sub.2 does not flow away with the sea currents. Such a floating body is also provided in a living marine resource production device A.sub.3 which will be described later, but it is omitted.

[0100] Since the living marine resource production device A.sub.2 having the above-described configuration has the plurality of irradiation means 10, it is possible to use more sunlight and to increase the productivity of the living marine resource more than in the living marine resource production device A.sub.1.

[0101] The living marine resource production device A.sub.2 can be provided in the living resource production region B as in the above-mentioned living marine resource production device A.sub.1, but can also be provided independently. In this case, near the outer periphery of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7, small fishes that feed on the zooplankton gather and large fishes that feed on the small fishes gather, so that a rich fish field is formed around the living marine resource production device A.sub.2. This effect is the same in living marine resource production devices A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 which will be described later.

[0102] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device A.sub.3 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The living marine resource production device A.sub.3 differs from the living marine resource production devices A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 described above in that the entire upwelling pipe 1 is constituted by the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 and that the light irradiation function of the light-transmitting pipe 2 in the living marine resource production devices A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is performed by an irradiation means 21 having a light-transmitting rod 20 at an axial position of the non-light-transmitting pipe 3. In the living marine resource production device A.sub.3, the entire upwelling pipe 1 is constituted by the non-light-transmitting pipe 3, so that the upper opening 1b is provided on an upper end side of the non-light-transmitting pipe 3.

[0103] The non-light-transmitting pipe 3 used in the living marine resource production device A.sub.3 can also be formed of a cylindrical film 3a having a thin wall thickness and a non-light-transmitting property as shown in FIG. 7. When the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 is formed of the cylindrical film 3a, transportability and workability can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

[0104] Irradiation of the light introduced into the living marine resource production device A.sub.3 is realized by the irradiation means 21 having the light-transmitting rod 20. The irradiation means 21 includes a housing 21b which has a lens 21a made of a Fresnel lens on an upper surface thereof and has an internal space formed watertightly, and the outside of a bottom surface of the housing 21b is joined to the upper end surface of the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 and attached thereto. The lens 21a made of the Fresnel lens may be attached to the housing 21b with a predetermined inclination such that rainwater or seawater on the surface can be quickly discharged.

[0105] The light-transmitting rod 20 is formed of, for example, a linear rod made of a synthetic resin having an excellent light-guiding property, and a light-receiving portion 20a, which has an inverted triangular pyramid shape and is made of a synthetic resin having an excellent light-guiding property, is joined to an upper end portion of the light-transmitting rod, as shown in a perspective view of FIG. 8. The diameter of the light-transmitting rod 20 is determined to avoid resistance of the deep water flowing in the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 and to irradiate the deep water with necessary light. Further, the length of the light-transmitting rod 20 is determined to be substantially equal to the length of the light-transmitting pipe 2 of the above-mentioned living marine resource production devices A.sub.1 and A.sub.2.

[0106] The light-receiving portion 20a guides the sunlight focused by the lens 21a to the light-transmitting rod 20. The light-transmitting rod 20 to which the light-receiving portion 20a is joined is attached to the housing 21b such that a part of the light-receiving portion 20a is located inside the housing, and such that an axial position of the light-transmitting rod 20 matches an axial position of the non-light-transmitting pipe 3.

[0107] In the living marine resource production device A.sub.3 having the above-described configuration, the light-transmitting rod 20 which is provided in the axial position of the non-light-transmitting pipe 3 can irradiate the deep water flowing in the non-light-transmitting pipe 3, so that it is possible to use the sunlight without waste and to culture the phytoplankton efficiently.

[0108] Further, a convex lens 20b as shown in FIG. 9 can be provided on an upper surface of the light-receiving portion 20a provided at the upper end portion of the light-transmitting rod 20. In this case, the sunlight collected by the lens 20b can be effectively collected in the light-receiving portion 20a. Further, the scatterer 2a.sub.1 as shown in FIG. 2 described above can be mixed in the light transmitting rod 20, or the surface of the light-transmitting rod can be made uneven, so that it is possible to adjust the light leakage to the deep water.

[0109] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a case in which the light-transmitting rod 20 is provided in the cylindrical film 3a shown in FIG. 7 described above, and FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a case in which the light-transmitting rod 20 provided with the convex lens 20b is provided in the cylindrical film 3a. As described above, when the cylindrical film 3a having a thin wall thickness and high flexibility is disposed around the light-transmitting rod 20, transportability and workability can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

[0110] FIG. 12 shows a reinforcing member 3a.sub.1 of the cylindrical film 3a. The reinforcing member 3a.sub.1 is used to maintain the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical film 3a. The reinforcing member 3a.sub.1 is constituted by a rigid large-diameter ring member 3a.sub.2 having a shape equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical film 3a, a rigid small-diameter ring member 3a.sub.3 that is provided at a central portion radially inside the large-diameter ring member 3a.sub.2, and has a size such that the light-transmitting rod 20 can be inserted into the small-diameter ring member, and a spoke member 3a.sub.4 connecting between the ring members 3a.sub.2 and 3a.sub.3.

[0111] A plurality of reinforcing members 3a.sub.1 having the above-described configuration are disposed inside the cylindrical film 3a in a longitudinal direction to be spaced from each other at a predetermined interval. Therefore, the reinforcing member 3a.sub.1 can secure the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical film 3a by the large-diameter ring member 3a.sub.2 provided along an inner circumference of the cylindrical film 3a, and can secure the position of the light-transmitting rod 20 which is disposed in the cylindrical film 3a by at least one small-diameter ring 3a.sub.3.

[0112] FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a state in which the light-transmitting rod 20 is inserted into the small-diameter ring 3a.sub.3 in the cylindrical film 3a reinforced by the reinforcing member 3a.sub.1, and FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of a state in which the light-transmitting rod 20 provided with the convex lens 20b is inserted into the small-diameter ring 3a.sub.3 in the cylindrical film 3a reinforced by the reinforcing member 3a.sub.1.

[0113] FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of the above-mentioned upwelling pipe 1 as a bellows type pipe 3c having a non-light-transmitting property. The bellows type pipe 3c can be manufactured as a molded product of a synthetic resin.

[0114] Also in this bellows type pipe 3c, the reinforcing member 3a.sub.1 may maintain the cylindrical shape.

[0115] When the upwelling pipe 1 is formed as the bellows type pipe 3c, transportability and workability of the upwelling pipe, which usually extends to several hundred meters, can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

[0116] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device A.sub.4 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The living marine resource production device A.sub.4 is characterized in that an air diffusing means 30 is provided in the light-transmitting rod 20 of the living marine resource production device A.sub.3 described above.

[0117] The air diffusing means 30 is constituted by an intake blower 32 that is driven by the electric power stored by a solar panel 31, an air passage 33, and an air diffuser 34.

[0118] The solar panel 31 and the intake blower 32 are provided on the floating body 9 attached to the housing 8 of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7. Then, the compressed air generated by the intake blower 32 is supplied to the air diffuser 34 made of a porous body provided at the lower end portion of the light-transmitting rod 20 via the air passage 33. Further, although not shown, the intake blower 32 is provided with a filter for purifying the air so that the air diffused from the air diffuser 34 does not adversely affect the culture of phytoplankton.

[0119] The air passage 33 is constituted by an air hose and an air pipe on the water surface side, and is constituted by a passage provided along the axis of the light-transmitting rod 20 on the light-transmitting rod 20 side. The communication between the passage provided at the axis of the light-transmitting rod 20 and the passage on the water surface side is performed via an air chamber 21ba maintained airtightly by an O-ring 35 provided in the housing 21b, as shown in FIG. 17 in an enlarged manner.

[0120] To explain the configuration of FIG. 17 in more detail, the bottom surface of the housing 21b is provided with the air chamber 21ba to which the air taken in from the intake blower 32 is supplied. Further, the bottom surface of the housing 21b is provided with a hole 21bb into which the light-transmitting rod 20 is inserted. The light-transmitting rod 20 includes an intake hole 20c that allows the air passage 33 in the light-transmitting rod 20 and the air chamber 21ba to communicate with each other and the air in the air chamber 21ba to be taken into the air passage 33 in the light-transmitting rod 20 when the light-transmitting rod 20 is inserted into the hole 21bb. The housing 21b includes the O-ring 35 that is a flexible member which airtightly closes a gap between an outer peripheral surface 20d of the light-transmitting rod 20 and an inner peripheral surface 21bba of the hole 21bb when the light-transmitting rod 20 is inserted into the hole 21bb.

[0121] In the living marine resource production device A.sub.4 having the above-described configuration, air diffusing (bubbling) is performed from the air diffuser 34, so that (1) a CO.sub.2 gas in the atmosphere can be introduced, (2) upwelling flow can be formed by the bubbling (see an upward white arrow in FIG. 16), (3) the amount of the atmosphere to be supplied can be supplied to the deep water, (5) accretions on the surface of the light-transmitting rod 20 and the inner surface of the upwelling pipe 1 can be cleaned with bubbles of the bubbling, (6) irradiation light (visible light) and radiant can be uniformized in a cross-sectional direction of the heat upwelling pipe 1 by the bubbling, and (7) the deep water can be stirred by the bubbling. In the living marine resource production device A.sub.4, the intake blower 32 requires power, but the power can be obtained via the solar panel 31, so that it is possible to suppress the running cost.

[0122] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a living marine resource production device A.sub.5 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The living marine resource production device A.sub.5 is characterized in that the upwelling pipe is provided as a trumpet-shaped upwelling pipe 1′ with a trumpet portion 1c in which the upper portion of the upwelling pipe is formed in an inverted triangular pyramid shape whose area increases upward, without using the light guiding means of the light-transmitting pipe 2 and the light-transmitting rod 20 as in the living marine resource production devices A.sub.1 to A.sub.4 described above. The trumpet portion 1c of the upwelling pipe 1′ is an example of a “first portion”. A portion of the upwelling pipe 1′ other than the trumpet portion 1c is an example of a “second portion”.

[0123] The trumpet-shaped upwelling pipe 1′ is formed of a synthetic resin having a non-light-transmitting property, but it can also be formed of a metal. Then, the upwelling pipe 1′ is attached to the housing 8 of the zooplankton culturing vessel 7 such that the trumpet portion 1c is located in the housing of the zooplankton culturing vessel.

[0124] In the living marine resource production device A.sub.5 having the above-described configuration, when the deep water rises in the upwelling pipe 1′, the rising speed is gradually lowered in the trumpet portion 1c, the residence time in the trumpet portion 1c becomes longer, and the sunlight is directly received on the large surface area of the trumpet portion 1c. Further, the trumpet portion 1c is easily contaminated because it is located on a surface of the surface water, however, since the inside of the trumpet portion 1c is filled with the deep water, the inside of the trumpet portion is a region in which the degree of contamination is lower than that of the surrounding surface water and the water quality is controlled to some extent. Thus, the inside of the trumpet portion is maintained in an environment suitable for phytoplankton culture. That is, in the trumpet portion 1c, it is possible to culture the phytoplankton in a state of being isolated from the sea outside thereof. Moreover, the living marine resource production device A.sub.5 can inexpensively culture the phytoplankton without using the light guiding means of the light-transmitting pipe 2 and the light-transmitting rod 20 as in the living marine resource production devices A.sub.1 to A.sub.4 described above.

[0125] Although the embodiments of the living marine resource production devices according to the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Further, it is possible to replace the components in the above-described embodiments with well-known components as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0126] 1 Upwelling pipe (deep water drawing means)

[0127] 1a Lower opening

[0128] 1b Upper opening

[0129] 1c Trumpet portion

[0130] 2 Light-transmitting pipe

[0131] 2′ Thick portion

[0132] 2a Light-transmitting pipe

[0133] 2a.sub.1 Scatterer

[0134] 2b Light-transmitting pipe

[0135] 2b.sub.1 Reflective material

[0136] 3 Non-light-transmitting pipe

[0137] 3a Cylindrical film

[0138] 3a.sub.1 Reinforcing member

[0139] 3a.sub.2 Large-diameter ring member

[0140] 3a.sub.3 Small-diameter ring member

[0141] 3a.sub.4 Spoke member

[0142] 3c Bellows type pipe

[0143] 4 Irradiation means (phytoplankton culturing means)

[0144] 5 Light guide body

[0145] 6 Lens

[0146] 7 Zooplankton culturing vessel

[0147] 8 Housing

[0148] 9 Floating body

[0149] 10 Irradiation means

[0150] 11a Light guide body

[0151] 11b Light guide body

[0152] 12 Housing

[0153] 13 Lens

[0154] 20 Light-transmitting rod

[0155] 20a Light-receiving portion

[0156] 20b Lens

[0157] 20c Intake hole

[0158] 20d Outer peripheral surface

[0159] 21 Irradiation means

[0160] 21a Lens

[0161] 21b Housing

[0162] 21ba Air chamber

[0163] 21bb Hole

[0164] 21bba Inner peripheral surface

[0165] 30 Air diffusing means

[0166] 31 Solar panel

[0167] 32 Intake blower

[0168] 33 Air passage

[0169] 34 Air diffuser

[0170] 35 O ring

[0171] A.sub.1 to A.sub.5 Living marine resource production device

[0172] B Living resource production region

[0173] b.sub.1 Buoy

[0174] b.sub.2 Net

[0175] b.sub.3 Bottom plate

[0176] S.sub.1 Chlorophyll sensor

[0177] S.sub.2 Illuminance sensor

[0178] S.sub.3 Flow rate sensor

[0179] Z.sub.1 First region

[0180] Z.sub.2 Second region