Thorn assembly for seed oil press

Abstract

A low speed seed oil expeller press with the capability of extracting oil through a new seed compression design that eliminates the need for filtration, and maintains the captured seed oil at a temperature below 130 degrees F. It has a seed preheating capability and controls the pressure and extraction oil temperature by adjustments of the expeller speed, the head volume and the size of the pressed seed exit orifice in the thorn. The seed oil expeller press eliminates seed rotation within the head volume so as to eliminate crushing, grinding or tearing of the seed by a symmetrical knived press head. The seed oil expeller press regulates seed temperature, seed feed rate, seed pressure, seed rotation and extracted seed oil temperature so as to compensate for the seed size, seed hardness and seed oil content.

Claims

1. A depth adjustable thorn assembly for a seed oil press comprising: a thorn housing having a cylindrical body and a linear axis with a central through bore formed centered about said linear axis, and at least two seed exit orifices cut through a side wall of said thorn housing and perpendicularly intersecting said through bore, said seed orifices configured as identical opposing linear slits, parallel with said linear axis and disposed 180 radial degrees apart, and wherein said slits have a slit distal end and a slit proximal end; a thorn configured as a solid, linear, cylindrical plug having a thorn proximal end and a thorn distal end, said thorn distal end conformed into a conical point, said thorn proximal end having a hexagonal stud formed thereon, wherein said thorn is engaged into said thorn housing for adjustable linear travel along said through bore; wherein said thorn partially resides between said seed orifices, and said conical point adjustably, resides and extends between said slit distal end and said slit proximal end; wherein a point of said conical point resides along said linear axis of said thorn housing; wherein said thorn housing has a thorn housing distal end and a thorn housing proximal end, a distal exterior diameter, a proximal exterior diameter and an intermediate external region having an external diameter and external threads, said external diameter greater than said distal exterior diameter and wherein said external threads are conformed for engagement inside other seed oil press components, and wherein said thorn housing proximal end has a set of thorn housing internal thread formed therein.

2. The depth adjustable thorn assembly of claim 1 wherein said external thread formed on said intermediate external region of said thorn, is matingly engaged with said thorn housing internal thread for advancement of said thorn along said through bore.

3. The depth adjustable thorn assembly of claim 2 wherein said through bore has a concave opening at said thorn housing distal end.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) A further understanding of the nature and advantages of particular embodiments may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings, in which like reference numerals are used to refer to similar components.

(2) FIGS. 1-6 are perspective, side, top, front, back and bottom views of the seed oil press;

(3) FIG. 7 is side perspective assembly view of the seed oil press;

(4) FIGS. 8-12 are top, side, bottom, side perspective and side views of the hopper;

(5) FIGS. 13-17 are top, perspective, perspective cross sectional, right side and left side views of the support bushing;

(6) FIGS. 18-22 are top, perspective, perspective cross sectional, right side and left side views of the hopper support;

(7) FIGS. 23-27 are side perspective cross sectional, left side, side perspective, right side and front views of the main housing;

(8) FIGS. 28-32 are side perspective cross sectional, left side, side perspective, right side and front views of thrust bearing;

(9) FIGS. 33-39 are side perspective, side perspective cross sectional, top, front, left side, back and right-side views of the bearing support;

(10) FIGS. 40-45 are side perspective, side perspective cross sectional, top, back, side and front views of the expeller;

(11) FIGS. 46-51 are side perspective, side perspective cross sectional, top, back, side and front views of the transfer housing;

(12) FIGS. 52-56 are side perspective, side perspective cross sectional, top, left and right side and front views of the head collar;

(13) FIGS. 57-64 are left side, side perspective cross sectional, right side, front, back, and right-side views of the press head;

(14) FIGS. 65-68 are left side, side perspective, front, right side, back, and right-side views of lock ring;

(15) FIGS. 69-73 side perspective, left side, front, right side and back views of the thorn;

(16) FIGS. 74-81 are front perspective, rear perspective cross sectional; rear perspective, front perspective cross sectional, top, front, side and back views of the thorn housing;

(17) FIG. 82 is an assembly view of the seed oil press showing the threaded connections; and

(18) FIG. 83 is a cross sectional view of the press showing the threaded connections in assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(19) While various aspects and features of certain embodiments have been summarized above, the following detailed description illustrates at least on exemplary embodiment in further detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice such an embodiment. The described example is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

(20) In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiment. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that other embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. While various features are ascribed to different embodiments, it should be appreciated that the features described with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated with other embodiments as well. By the same token, however, no single feature or features of any described embodiment should be considered essential to every embodiment of the invention, as other embodiments of the invention may omit such features.

(21) In this description, the directional prepositions of up, upwardly, down, downwardly, front, back, top, upper, bottom, lower, left, right and other such terms refer to the device as it is oriented and appears in the drawings and are used for convenience only; they are not intended to be limiting or to imply that the device has to be used or positioned in any particular orientation.

(22) Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers herein used to express quantities, dimensions, and so forth, should be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise, and use of the terms “and” and “or” means “and/or” unless otherwise indicated. Moreover, the use of the term “including,” as well as other forms, such as “includes” and “included,” should be considered non-exclusive. Also, terms such as “element” or “component” encompass both elements and components comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more than one unit, unless specifically stated otherwise.

(23) The terms “distal” and “proximal” as used herein in reference to the various components or component parts of the device, relates to the designation of the driven end of the seed oil expeller press as the distal end and the seed ejection end of the seed oil expeller press as the proximal end. The end or face of the various components may be termed “distal” or “proximal” with respect to their proximity to the distal or proximal end of the device.

(24) The term “extending normally” as used herein, refers to a geometric relationship between two joined parts such that there is an approximate 90-degree angle between these parts.

(25) The present invention is a seed oil expeller press (“press”) for the extraction of oil from seeds through a pressing force that does not crush the seeds, physically grind the seeds or raise the temperature of the extracted oil over 130 degrees F., and leaves the seed bodies intact after compression for oil extraction.

(26) It is to be noted the seed oil expeller press is discussed extracting oils from seeds, however the extraction process and press disclosed herein may be used to express desirable natural oils residing within plant material. “Oil” as used in this specification is not limited to the chemical definition of non-polar liquid, but includes here any liquid, emulsion, plant sap, grease, butter, resin, tar, juice, and any substantially viscous matter which resides in material fed into a press and extracted by mechanical distortion of said matter.

(27) The seed oil expeller press includes a hopper or feedstock collection means, a pressing mechanism, and separate exits for the desirable oils and for the solid matter depleted of its desirable products. Typical plant matter fed into the machine for processing includes but is not limited to: seeds, fruits, flowers or buds, roots or tubers, pods, leaves, or stalks. Often such matter may be chopped or shaped by other machines in preparation for processing by the press.

(28) The seed oil expeller press 2 disclosed herein is driven preferably by a 220-volt, single phase, variable frequency electric motor (running at 40-50 Hz) mechanically coupled to a gear reducer, preferably one with a 1439/39 reduction ratio. The press is operated at very low speed, in the range of 7 to 14 rpm, depending on the type of seed. These driver components are well known in the art and do not comprise any of the claimed elements of the seed oil expeller press.

(29) The present invention is a slow speed seed oil expeller press having a novel design that maximizes the compressive forces put on the seed and eliminates the shear forces put on the seed by eliminating the rotation of the seeds once introduced into the head volume of the press. In this way there is no abrading of the seeds against the walls of the press cavity. The compressed seeds exit the press in a hardened waste curl, with up to 95% of their original oil content removed, but with the seeds intact rather than torn open or ground into particles. The press is tunable, in that the pressure of compression and temperature of extracted seed oil may be adjusted by altering the seed feed rate (via the speed of motor and the size of the thorn orifice); the pressure cavity volume (via the gap between the expeller and the head surfaces); the amount of seed preheat (via the temperature applied to the head). The resultant extracted seed oil does not need to be filtered and does not undergo oxidation and catalytic conversion, common with the extracted seed oils produced by conventional seed oil expeller presses.

(30) Looking at FIG. 7, it can be seen that the seed oil expeller press (“press”) 2, has approximately 10 components and a three-part feedstock means (excluding mechanical fasteners such as bolts nuts keys and the like.) They are from the distal (driven) end of the press 2 to the proximal end: main housing 4; hopper 6; support bushing 8; hopper support 10; thrust bearing 12; bearing support 14; expeller 16; transfer housing 18; head collar 20; press head 22; lock ring 24; thorn housing 26; and thorn 28. These parts will be herein be described from the distal to proximal end of the press 2 and then their functional operation hereinafter described.

(31) The main housing 4 can best be seen with reference to FIGS. 23-27. The main housing 4 is a cylindrical body 30 with a cylindrical feed bore 32 through its side wall for the feed of seeds through a mounted feedstock means and a flange 34 extending normally outward from the distal end of the cylindrical body 30. This flange 34 serves as the connection point to a motor/gearbox drive combination (not illustrated) which is rigidly affixed in some fashion to a frame secured to the ground. The mechanical connection at the connection point is generally accomplished by passing mechanical fasteners (bolts and nuts) through apertures formed through the flange 34 that align with mating apertures in a flange on the gearbox end of the motor/gearbox drive combination. There is also a circular thrust disk 36 extending normally inward from the distal end of the cylindrical body 30. This thrust disk 36 serves as a bearing surface for the distal face of thrust bearing 38. (FIGS. 28-32) There is a cylindrical groove formed about the inner periphery of the proximal end of the main housing 30 that serves as a riding surface for the bearing support 14 (FIGS. 33-39).

(32) Frictionally fit into the distal end of the interior of the main housing, there is a replaceable thrust bearing 12. (FIGS. 28-32) This bearing may be any of a suitable type of circular mechanical thrust bearings from oil impregnated metal plain bearings to single or double row roller or ball bearings. Preferably, the thrust bearing 12 will be a single ball bearing having a series of balls 40 held between a front race 44 and a back race 46 by a separator cage 42. (Lubricant and seals may also be utilized depending on the make, manufacturer application and design of the bearing.) The outer race will have a planar distal face 48 and a parallel proximal face 50. The thrust bearing 12 will be under compressive load along its linear axis as its distal face 48 contacts the proximal face of the thrust disk 36 and its proximal face 50 contacts the distal face of the bearing support 14. The thrust bearing 12 allows for the rotation of certain press components within the compressional assembly of the press 2 along its lineal axis. The compressive forces along the linear axis of the press are transmitted onto the parallel faces of the thrust bearing 12.

(33) Frictionally fit into the distal end of the interior cavity of the main housing 4 is there is a replaceable thrust bearing 38. (FIGS. 33-39) This is a circular cylindrical disc 52 sized for mating engagement about its outer face 54 with the cylindrical groove formed about the inner periphery of the proximal end of the main housing 4. From the distal end of the bearing support extends a socket 56 with a first internal keyway 58 cut there along its inner face, parallel with the linear axis of the bearing support 14. This internal first keyway 58 is used for the constraint of a first key shared with first external keyway formed on the exterior drive shaft of the gearbox and rotationally couples the motor/gearbox assembly to the press 2 when this drive shaft is inserted into the matingly conformed and sized socket 56. From the proximal end of the bearing support 14 extends normally a circular, cylindrical shaft 60 with a second external keyway 62 formed parallel to the linear axis of the bearing support 14. This second external keyway 62 houses a second key (not shown for visual clarity) to lock the rotation of the bearing support 14 to the expeller 16 via a second internal keyway cut into the expeller press's interior. There is a linear through bore 64 in the bearing support that resides about and parallel its linear axis.

(34) The feedstock means is made of three parts (hopper 6 FIGS. 8-12, support bushing 8 FIGS. 13-17, and hopper support 10 FIGS. 18-22) The hopper 6 is but a funnel 58 having a circular flange 61 at its base that is sized for frictional insertion into a tapered internal groove 66 formed in the top end of support bushing 8. This insertion engagement supports the hopper 6 on the main housing 4 with the hopper's linear axis passing through the approximate center of the feed bore 32. There is a hopper support 10 that is a hollow right cylindrical body extending upwards from the main housing 4 and that internally accepts the bottom end of the support bushing 8.

(35) A transfer housing 18 lies between the main housing 4 and the head collar 20. In the preferred embodiment the distal and proximal ends of the transfer housing 18 have external threads, which engage matingly conformed internal threads on the proximal end of the main housing 4 and internal threads on the distal end of the head collar 20. (Threads are omitted for visual clarity on all the FIGS except FIG. 83 and are known as one of numerous methods of attachment available between these components, such as rivets, bolts, pins and the like.) FIGS. 46 to 51 illustrate that the transfer housing 18 is a hollow, cylindrical member with a series of equally radially spaced linear slits 64 approximately 0.5 mm wide, cut through the center region 66 of its side wall and residing parallel to the linear axis of the press 2. This central region 66 has a smaller cross-sectional diameter than the distal end 68 and proximal end 70 of the transfer housing 18. It is through these linear slits 64 that the expelled oil seeps and drips into a collection vessel placed below.

(36) The head collar 20 connects the proximal end of the transfer housing 18 to the distal end of the press head 22. The head collar is a circular cylinder having a distal set of internal threads matingly conformed to the external threads formed on the proximal end of the transfer housing 18 as well as a proximal set of internal threads matingly engageable with the external threads formed on the outer face of the distal end of the pressure head 22.

(37) As FIGS. 52-56 show, the interior circular bore 72 of the head collar has a circular internal shoulder 74 extending inward centrally therein. Adjacent this internal shoulder 74 is an annular groove 80. The distal portion of the bore 76 behind the internal shoulder 74 has a larger diameter than the proximal portion of the bore 78 forward of the annular groove 80. The internal shoulder 74 acts as a physical stop for the insertion of the expeller 16 into the head collar 20.

(38) Looking at FIGS. 40-45, the expeller 16 can best be explained. The expeller 16 is a cylindrical body with a single helical feed groove (straight thread) 82 formed about its outer side wall, and a convex proximal end 84 that has been both hardened and polished to a mirror like finish. This is known as a #8 metal finish designation in the industry and is produced by polishing with at least a 320-grit belt or wheel then sisal buffed and color buffed to achieve the mirror look. It has also been hardened to a Rockwell C scale of hardness of at least 55-66.

(39) It is noteworthy that in the preferred embodiment, single helical feed groove (straight thread) 82 has a concave root formed between the bottom 89 of the opposing flanks of the groove. There is a flank separation 99 defined as the distance between the tops of opposing flanks. The crests 85 of the groove have a crest width 101 of their top planar faces that is less than or equal to the flank separation 99. In alternate embodiments, this relationship need not hold true.

(40) There is a circular cylindrical stopped bore 86 formed parallel to its linear axis that extends inward from the distal end of the expeller 16 and terminates in a cone. There is a tapered flange 88 formed at the distal end of the expeller 16. The stopped bore 86 has a second internal keyway 90 formed partially along the length of the side wall of the stopped bore 86 is sized for the frictional engagement of a second key (not shown for visual clarity) with the circular, cylindrical shaft 60 of the bearing support 14 to lock the rotation of the bearing support 14 to the expeller 16.

(41) In component assembly, the transfer housing 18 is threadingly engaged with the main housing 4 and rotated to draw the two together so as to push the expeller 16 at its tapered flange 88 down into the main housing until the tapered flange 88 formed at the distal end of the expeller 16 contacts the proximal face of circular cylindrical disc 52 of the bearing support 14 and forces the bearing support 14 into contact with the proximal face 50 of thrust bearing 12 moving the entire assembly backwards until the distal face 48 of the thrust bearing contacts the circular thrust disk 36 extending normally inward at the distal end of the main housing 4. (Alternately the bearing support 14 and expeller 16 may be connected via a bolt passing through the socket 56 and engaging internal threads formed therein the expeller.) The transfer housing is continually threaded downward (toward the distal end of the press 2) until there is a sufficient compressive force exerted onto the thrust bearing 12, and the thrust bearing 12, the expeller 16, the transfer housing 18, the head collar 20 are drawn into operational tolerances and their centerlines are collinear with the linear axis of the press 2.

(42) The tapered flange 88 at the distal end of the expeller 16 resides below and behind the bottom edge of the hopper support 10. In this way, the incoming seed fed from the hopper is directed into the single helical feed groove 82 with no place to amass or back up and cause a feed jam. Similarly, the distal end 68 of the transfer housing 18 is below and ahead of the inner side wall of the hopper support 10. This is best seen in FIG. 83.

(43) FIGS. 57-64 show the novel design of the pressure head 22. The pressure head 22 is a circular cylindrical body having a set of external threads formed along its outer side wall 92 on a central, larger diameter region 150 and a concave, knifed distal end face 94 formed in its distal end. It is a single machined part. The concavity of the distal end mirrors the convexity of the proximal end 84 of the expeller 16. Evenly radially spaced concave linear troughs 96 are cut into the distal end's concave face so as to leave a series of evenly radially spaced concave linear bars 98 extending outward between the troughs 96. These bars 98 have sharp linear edges formed at 90 degrees or at a lesser acute angle included between the trough walls and the top face of the bar 98 so as to form corners 103 along the length of the bars 98 which minimize or eliminate the rotation of the agglomerated seed mass that is trapped and compressed in the gap between the expeller 16 and the press head 22. In the preferred embodiment there are 10 concave linear bars 98.

(44) This knife faced configuration of the pressure head 22 is responsible for the squeezing of the seeds during compression rather than their tearing, ripping and grinding. The seeds get compressed in packets or groupings of seeds held together from rotational movement between the bars 98 in the trough 96 by the friction between the seed's outer surfaces and the sides of the trough 96. Preheating the seeds with the strap on heaters begins the release of the seed's oil such that the seeds have a sticky exterior surface, also helping them remain in groupings. Thus, the seeds compress and surrender their internal oil, but their shells remain intact. In conventional seed presses, there is no such configuration of the pressure head and the seeds rotate and abrade against each other, tearing apart, raising the oil temperature and adding particulate to the seed oil that must be filtered.

(45) There is central through bore 100 passing through the press head 22 and residing centered along the linear axis of the press head. This bore 100 increases in diameter in two steps along its length so as to make three different diameter regions along the through bore 100. The first step 102, serves as a shoulder that the distal edge of the thorn housing 26 abuts, allowing the seeds a smooth transition from the smallest diameter distal region 140 of the press head 22 into the distal concave opening 106 of the thorn housing 26 with no exposed edges for seeds to tear or grind onto. The second step 104 increases the diameter of the bore to allow for the internal threads in the largest diameter proximal region 142 at the proximal end 105 of the press head 22 to engage the external threads of the thorn housing 26.

(46) The press head 22 is adjustably affixed to the proximal end of the head collar 20 by a set of external threads about its outer side wall 92 (threads not illustrated for visual clarity) that engage the proximal set of internal threads formed at the proximal end of the head collar 22. Drawing these components together sets the size of the gap (head space) between the convex proximal end 84 of the expeller 16 and the convex knife edged face 94 of the pressure head 22. This is done by engaging a fingered tool into the set of identical, evenly radially spaced locking slots 155 or identical, evenly radially spaced locking orifices 157 formed on the proximal, planar face of the press head. There is a circular lock ring 24 (FIGS. 65-68) with internal threads on its inner face 107 that matingly engage the external thread on the press head 22. This is used to lock the press head 22 at the correct depth once the gap (the head volume) between the press head 22 and the expeller 16 has been adjusted by rotation of the fingered tool once engaged to the press head in the locking slots 155 or locking orifices 157. Once the press head 22 has been threaded down into the head collar 20 to achieve the desired thickness of gap, the lock ring 24 is threaded tightly down the outside of the press head 22 until the lock ring firmly contacts the proximal end of the head collar 20 and exerts a back pressure on the exterior threads of the press head so as to frictionally constrain the press head 22 from moving relative to the head collar 20. The lock ring 24 undergoes its final tightening by insertion of a punch into any of the slots 108 formed about the periphery of the lock ring 24 and rapping the punch with a hammer.

(47) The thorn housing 26 (FIGS. 74-81) is a circular cylindrical body having a through bore 109 centered along its linear axis with two identical, opposing, linear slits, parallel to the linear axis of the thorn housing and cut through the side wall sections 180 radial degrees apart and that perpendicularly intersect the through bore 109 to form a pair of axial seed exit orifices 110. At its distal end the through bore terminates with a distal concave opening 106. The thorn housing has distal exterior region 122 with a distal exterior diameter, a proximal exterior region 115 with a proximal exterior diameter and an intermediate external region 124 with an intermediate external diameter, as it has a stepped exterior profile. There is a set of external threads formed about its proximal exterior region 115 which is the largest diameter of the three regions. There is also an internal thread formed at the thorn housing proximal end 112. (Threads are not shown for visual clarity.) The external threads of the thorn housing 26 threadingly engage the internal threads of the largest diameter proximal region 142 at the proximal end of the pressure head 22. (See FIG. 83) When threaded, this engagement pushes the thorn housing 26 down the press head 22 until the edge of the concave opening 106 abuts the shoulder at the first step 102 of the press head 22. Although depicted with only two axial seed exit orifices, it is known that there could be other configurations with more than two seed exit orifices.

(48) Into the proximal end of the thorn housing 26 is threadingly engaged a thorn 28. (FIGS. 69-73) The thorn 28 is just an adjustable depth, solid, linear plug with an external thread centrally located along its exterior side wall 116 for advancing it into the through bore 108 of the thorn housing past the proximal ends of the two seed exit orifices 110. (Threads not shown for visual clarity.) At its distal end is a conical point 118 for splitting the seed conglomeration and directing it out of the two seed exit orifices 110. The point 118 at the end of the thorn resides along the linear axis of the thorn and the linear axis of the thorn housing (which are collinear) in the through bore between the distal slit ends and the proximal slit ends. The proximal end of the thorn 28 is a hexagonal stud 120 for the attachment of a wrench to turn and insert the thorn 28 into the thorn housing 26. The depth that the thorn 28 is inserted (the location of the point between the distal and proximal slit ends) determines the effective seed exit orifice 110 sizes thus adjusting the pressure the seed agglomeration undergoes in the press head 22.

(49) There are optional electric seed pre-heaters strapped around the head collar 30 so as to warm the incoming seeds softening the seed shell and inner content. As an unexpected result of running the press 2 at a slow speed, using a knife edge faced press head 22, and heating the seeds before compression, the seed oil is extracted with a lower overall oil temperature than not pre-heating the seeds. This is because the physical process of compressing the seeds does not gain temperature from the extra pressure that must be added to tear, rip, and grind the seeds to extract the oil.

(50) Looking at FIGS. 1-6 the assembled seed oil expeller press 2 can be seen from all angles, showing the arrangement of its components.

(51) In operation, (with reference to FIG. 82 for the spacing relationships between the assembled components) the hopper 6 is filled with seeds, the thorn depth in the thorn housing 26 is set, the gap between the expeller 16 and the press head 22 are set (variable with type of seed but approximately 0.75-1 mm), the pre-heating blankets and press head 20 are brought to the proper temperature (approximately 110 degrees F.), the variable frequency motor (40-50 HZ) is started and the gearbox speed reduction (approximately 1439/39) set for proper rotational speed (>20 rpm preferably 7-14 rpm). Seeds are fed down into the feedstock means and enter the main housing 4 aligning themselves into the helical feed groove 82 of the rotating expeller 16. This propels the seeds along the transfer housing 18 toward the proximal end of the press 2. As the seeds reach the proximal end of the expeller 16 they gather in the head space (the space between the polished, convex proximal end 84 of the expeller 16 and the convex knife face 94 of the pressure head 22 where they are warmed and compressed in front of the incoming continual seed feed. They form a seed conglomeration (or puck) as they compress and begin to release their oil (which flows backward through the expeller and drips out axial linear slits 64 in the transfer housing 20). The seed conglomeration does not rotate in the head space. Its compression and early loss of oil because of the pre-heating, makes the seed conglomeration into a dry mass, hard enough to remain together as a solid disk. The sharp edges on the concave bars 98 of the press head 22 grab the seed conglomeration, therein preventing it from rotating and abrading on any surfaces. The polished face of the expeller 16 eliminates any rotational force transmitted from the expeller 16 to the seed conglomeration. The seeds are pressed, not grinded, torn or ripped. Thus, no particulate is transferred to the seed oil and the seed oil temperature is not raised by friction between the seeds and the press head or expeller surfaces. At a certain point the pressure of the seeds forces the center of the seed conglomeration to fold inward toward the bore 100 of the press head 22 and then down the thorn housing 26 until it contacts the conical point 118, curls and exits via the seed exit orifices 110. The resultant extracted oil will be less than 130 degrees F., free of organic particulate matter and metal chips, and will not have undergone oxidation and catalytic conversion.

(52) With respect to the tunability of the press 2, the amount of force exerted on the seeds in the head space determines the seed oil temperature and the percentage of total oil that is extracted from the seeds. This is adjusted by the depth the thorn 28 is inserted into the thorn housing 26 in relation to the speed of the seed feed (motor speed). These are varied by the amount of heat input to the seeds prior to compressing as well as the head volume (set by the distance between the expeller 16 and the press head 22).

(53) Looking at FIGS. 82 and 83 the following threaded connections (eliminated from the other figures for visual clarity) can be seen: the main housing/bearing support threads 150, the main housing/transfer housing threads 152, the transfer housing/head collar threads 154, the head collar/press head threads 156, the press head/lock ring threads 158, the press head/thorn housing threads 160, the thorn housing/thorn threads 162.

(54) The unrivaled success of this press 2 is due to the synergistic effect of the adjustable thorn, the strap on preheaters, the variable speed motors, the polished expeller, the knife faced head press, and the adjustable head volume. These parameters in combination allow for the adjustment of the temperature, pressure and volume of seeds processed.

(55) While certain features and aspects have been described with respect to exemplary embodiments, one skilled in the art will recognize that numerous modifications are possible. Consequently, although at least one exemplary embodiment has been described above, it will be appreciated that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.