BUILDING ENVELOPE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE TEMPERATURE IN A BUILDING

Abstract

Disclosed is a building envelope, in particular a building wall, floor, or roof, having at least two spaced-apart shells that enclose an intermediate space there between, the intermediate space being essentially empty except for weight-bearing and/or construction engineering elements or being filled in at least some sections with porous, open-cell material and being sealed from the exterior and interior of the building. A plurality of heat pipes which are connected to a heat collector on the shell facing the exterior and which end in the intermediate space is arranged in the intermediate space.

Claims

1. A building envelope for a building wall, floor, or roof of a building, the building envelope comprising: means for fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition through the building envelope or affecting heat transport into or out of at least one of the building envelope, the intermediate space and at least one of the at least two shells, wherein the intermediate space and/or at least one of the at least two shells is divided into building-envelope sections, to which are separately attached controllable means for fluid supply and removal for section-selective management of a respective heat transition and where the building-envelope sections are separated from one another in fluid-tight manner, wherein the separately controllable means for fluid supply and removal are configured for section-selective control of heat transport, and sensor and/or input means for acquisition and/or inputting of section-specific values of a thermal state variable, including at least one of a measured or estimated outdoor temperature, sunlight intensity, a moisture content and desired indoor temperature in the respective section, are associated with the separate building-envelope sections which are connected on the input side with control means for the means for fluid supply and removal, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal include gas or air pumps for generation of selected negative pressure, positive pressure, or atmospheric pressure in the intermediate space of the respective section, and are configured to include a gas or air reservoir, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal are connected to first pipe sections on the exterior-facing shell and/or to second pipe sections on the interior-facing shell and/or to heat pipes.

2. The building envelope according to claim 1, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprises: liquid pumps and a liquid reservoir for filling of the intermediate space of the section with a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport or the draining thereof.

3. The building envelope according to claim 1, comprising: a conduit system in the intermediate space and/or in at least one of the shells configured to pass a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport, which is sized to be section-specific and/or includes section-specific means of flow-control for flow control of a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport.

4. The building envelope according to claim 3, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprise: fluid-permeable conduit sections, which are configured for passage of the fluid through a conduit wall for influencing heat transition or affecting heat transport.

5. The building envelope according to claim 1, wherein different walls or roof sections and/or walls or floors of spaces with different functions, which are associated with different cardinal directions, constitute building-envelope sections.

6. The building envelope according to claim 1, wherein the shells are supported against one another by a plurality of individual spacers configured to be washed around by a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport, and the shells are optionally embedded in the porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material or are built of the porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material.

7. The building envelope according to claim 1, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal includes fluid-permeable pipe sections, which are configured for passage of the fluid through a pipe wall.

8. The building envelope according to claim 1, comprising: in the intermediate space and/or in at least one of the at least two shells, means for heat exchange to which are associated the means for fluid supply and removal, and attached to fluid conduits.

9. A process for control of indoor temperature in a building with the building envelope of claim 1, the process for control comprising: controlling heat transition of a building-envelope and/or controlling heat transport into or out of the building envelope by fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of a fluid into or out of the building envelope.

10. The process for control according to claim 9, wherein to increase the heat transfer, the fluid is introduced into associated pipe section and/or a liquid surface of a fluid formed as a liquid is set at a height of the pipe sections or above the pipe sections, and to reduce the heat transfer, the fluid is drained from the pipe sections and/or a liquid surface of a fluid formed as a liquid is set at a height of the pipe sections or above the pipe sections; and/or wherein the means for fluid supply and removal are operated under control, in response to recorded or input values of a thermal state variable that includes at least one of a measured or estimated outdoor temperature, sunlight intensity, a moisture content and desired indoor temperature in the respective section.

11. The building envelope according to claim 1, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal include gas or air pumps for generation of selected negative pressure, positive pressure, or atmospheric pressure in the intermediate space of the respective section, and are configured to include a gas or air reservoir.

12. A building envelope according to claim 1, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal are connected to a space for joining between the end portions of first pipe sections and second pipe sections associated with one another and/or are connected to heat pipes that are constituted by the first pipe sections and second pipe sections that are associated to one another.

13. The building envelope according to claim 1, wherein the fluid influencing heat transition or affecting heat transport is air, a mixture of gases, or a liquid.

14. A building envelope for a building wall, floor, or roof of a building, the building envelope comprising: at least two shells spaced apart from one another which enclose an intermediate space, the at least two shells including an exterior-facing shell configured to face an exterior of the building, and an interior-facing shell configured to face an interior of the building; a plurality of first pipe sections connected with the exterior-facing shell and including a heat-collector element on an exterior-facing side of the exterior-facing shell, the plurality of first pipe sections protruding through the exterior-facing shell and ending in the intermediate space, the intermediate space being sealed against the interior and the exterior of the building and being filled with structural weight-bearing and building-technology components, and at least in sections with a porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material including at least one pore, wherein at least one of a shape and a size of the at least one pore is configured based on at least one of utilization and exposure of the building; and means for fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition into or out of the intermediate space.

15. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprises: liquid pumps and a liquid reservoir for filling of the intermediate space with a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport or the draining thereof.

16. The building envelope according to claim 14, comprising: a conduit system in the intermediate space and/or in at least one of the shells configured to pass a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport, which is sized to be section-specific and/or includes section-specific means of flow-control for flow control of a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding and decreasing heat transition or affecting heat transport.

17. The building envelope according to claim 16, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprise: fluid-permeable conduit sections, which are configured for passage of the fluid through a conduit wall for influencing heat transition or affecting heat transport.

18. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein different walls or roof sections and/or walls or floors of spaces with different functions, which are associated with different cardinal directions, constitute building-envelope sections.

19. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein the shells are supported against one another by a plurality of individual spacers configured to be washed around by the fluid, and the shells are optionally embedded in the porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material or are built of the porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material.

20. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal includes fluid-permeable pipe sections, which are configured for passage of the fluid through a pipe wall.

21. The building envelope according to claim 14, comprising: in the intermediate space and/or in at least one of the at least two shells, means for heat exchange to which are associated the means for fluid supply and removal, and attached to fluid conduits.

22. A process for control of indoor temperature in a building with the building envelope of claim 14, the process for control comprising: controlling heat transition of a building-envelope and/or controlling heat transport into or out of the building envelope by fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of a fluid into or out of the building envelope.

23. The process for control according to claim 22, wherein to increase the heat transfer, the fluid is introduced into associated pipe section and/or a liquid surface of a fluid formed as a liquid is set at a height of the pipe sections or above the pipe sections, and to reduce the heat transfer, the fluid is drained from the pipe sections and/or a liquid surface of a fluid formed as a liquid is set at a height of the pipe sections or above the pipe sections; and/or wherein the means for fluid supply and removal are operated under control, in response to recorded or input values of a thermal state variable that includes at least one of a measured or estimated outdoor temperature, sunlight intensity, a moisture content and desired indoor temperature in the respective section.

24. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal include gas or air pumps for generation of selected negative pressure, positive pressure, or atmospheric pressure in the intermediate space of the respective section, and are configured to include a gas or air reservoir.

25. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal are connected to a space for joining between the end portions of first pipe sections and second pipe sections associated with one another and/or are connected to heat pipes that are constituted by the first pipe sections and second pipe sections that are associated to one another.

26. The building envelope according to claim 14, wherein the fluid influencing heat transition or affecting heat transport is air, a mixture of gases, or a liquid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0105] FIG. 1 a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall,

[0106] FIG. 1a a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0107] FIG. 1b a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0108] FIG. 1c a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0109] FIG. 2 a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall,

[0110] FIG. 2a a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0111] FIG. 2b a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0112] FIG. 2c a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention

[0113] FIG. 3a a simplified schematic, cross-sectional depiction of a building envelope according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0114] FIG. 3b a simplified schematic, cross-sectional depiction of a building envelope according to one embodiment of the invention

[0115] FIG. 3c a simplified schematic, cross-sectional depiction of a building envelope according to one embodiment of the invention

[0116] FIG. 3d a simplified schematic cross-sectional depiction of a building envelope according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0117] FIG. 4 various schematic representations of seals,

[0118] FIG. 5a simplified partial-section, perspective depiction of a building envelope according to FIG. 1 through FIG. 4 in combination with a structure having a fixed foundation,

[0119] FIG. 5b a simplified partial-section, perspective depiction of a building envelope according to FIG. 1 through FIG. 4 in combination with a structure having a mobile foundation,

[0120] FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c a flow chart for a process for control according to one embodiment of the invention,

MANNER OF EXECUTING THE INVENTION

[0121] FIGS. 1 and 2 each schematically show in partially sectioned, a cross-sectional representation of a double-shelled building envelope 10, 20, which each respectively exhibit a first and a second wall shell 11a, 11b; 21a, 21b, set at a pre-determined distance from one another, which enclose an intermediate space 13, 23. In the embodiment of the wall shells depicted, the same respectively exhibit a reinforcement, which is labeled in the numbers 12a and 12b, 22a and 22b.

[0122] With building envelope 10, 20 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the intermediate space 13, 23 is filled with a porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material 16, 26, which can have a support function with respect to the wall shells 11a and 11b, 21a and 21b. With building wall 10, 20 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the intermediate space 13, 23 is filled with structural weight-bearing and building technology components which hold the wall shells 11a and 11b, 21a and 21b at a constant distance from one another.

[0123] In FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c and 2a, 2b, 2c, schematic embodiment examples of the invention are respectively represented, which stem from the constructions described above according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and wherein the same elements with the same reference numbers as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are indicated. In the intermediate space 13 of the construction according to FIG. 1, there are various sections which are separated from one another by fluid-tight separation walls 17, and the individual (which are not separately indicated) sections are provided with separately controllable piping conduits 18 for the input or output of a fluid and for the management of heat transition or heat transport through building envelope 10 in each of the sections. FIG. 1a shows a further embodiment of a building envelope 10 wherein an air, gas or liquid pump 2 is connected to an air, gas or liquid reservoir 3 and means for fluid supply and removal 18.

[0124] FIG. 1b shows as a further embodiment, a building envelope 10, in which both wall shells 11a and 11b are modified to be thermally controllable or be usable, for instance as heat collectors, and in which are arranged pipe lengths 18 for the channeling of a heating or cooling liquid. FIG. 2 depicts a building envelope 20, in which are arranged a plurality of heat pipes 25, each with a corresponding spacer element 24 and which are spaced some distance apart from each other, and which run between the two wall shells 21a and 21b (which have been modified through the addition of means for the affixing of the heat pipes) and with which are respectively associated a sealing and fastening flange 29a on the inner-side of the wall and a heat collector element 4 on the outside surface of the outer shell 21a.

[0125] FIG. 3 respectively show, in contrast to the schematic diagrams according to FIGS. 1 and 2 somewhat more detailed cross-sectional representations of further embodiment examples of the invention.

[0126] FIG. 3a shows a cut-away of a building wall 30 of the basic type shown in FIG. 1, which is to say a double-shelled wall construction with spacers. In view of the greater detail of this representation, one has not referred back to the reference numbers of FIG. 1; instead, the two wall shells are respectively indicated by numbers 31a and 31b, the intermediate space formed between the two shells is given the number 33 and the structural weight-bearing component number 34. Both wall shells 31a, 31b respectively comprise a reinforcement 32a, 32b, in a building material 32, internal coating 39a, 39b. In the region of structural weight-bearing component 34 are represented, an ordinary O-ring or a sealing element 39 which increases volumetrically under external energy influence (heat, radiation, or similar), for the sealing of the intermediate space 33 towards the inside and outside in the area of the shells 31a, 31b.

[0127] Function, technical execution possibilities, and advantages of the briefly described preceding building-wall construction are explained further and in more detail above and are the object of the dependent claims and for this reason are not once again described in detail here. As explained above in more detail, in the event of a weakening of, or due to relevant changes in state, of a no longer sufficient sealing action of sealing element 39, this sealing effect can be newly returned to the required size through energy input from the outside.

[0128] FIG. 3c shows a further two-shelled building envelope 30. This construction basically resembles that of building wall 20 according to FIG. 2. However here too, there has been no attempt to use the reference numbers appearing in FIG. 2 in the assignment of reference numbers. Here too, two wall shells 31a and 31b, which enclose an intermediate space 33, are held at a defined distance by structural weight-bearing component 34. The wall shells 31a, 31b further exhibit respectively a reinforcement 32a, 32b in the building material 32 and respectively have a separation coating 39a, 39b on the inner side. In the area of the structural weight-bearing component 34, and surrounding it, a heat pipe 35 is provided consisting of a somewhat narrower second pipe section 35b and of a, concentric thereto, somewhat broader first pipe section 35a. The first and second pipe section 35a, 35b of heat pipe 35 respectively pass through the total thickness of the wall shell 31a and 31b, in which they are arranged and project overlapping one another into the intermediate space 33.

[0129] Each of the pipe sections 35a, 35b is respectively provided on the exterior wall side of shell 31a and 31b with a heat collector 4. A flange 39a is attached for each of the pipe sections 35a, 35b on the inner side and each sealing and fastening flange is provided with a volume-increasing seal 39 of the type and function mentioned in the preceding section, against the adjoining inner wall coating of the respective wall shell. The seals (O-ring or volume-increasing seal) on the structural weight-bearing component 34 already depicted in FIG. 3a are also present in this embodiment.

[0130] FIG. 3a is a simplified representation of the embodiment according to FIG. 2c for further explanation of the essential features.

[0131] Pipe sections 35a, 35b are pipes arranged concentrically (at a pre-determined distance) and leading into one another. As one can gather from FIG. 3a, the pipe sections 35a and 35b do not contact one another and they only project to a certain point into intermediate space 33. Pipe sections 35a, 35b can be made out of a good heat-conducting material such as aluminum, copper, or chromium steel. Heat collectors 4 (preferably made from heat-conducting sheet metal) are arranged on the outside of the construction and are in direct exchange with the immediate surroundings and can further conduct heat from direct solar radiation to the pipe section connected thereto and projecting into the shells and the intermediate space 33. As long as intermediate space 33 is evacuated, no heat-conducting connection exists between the pipe sections 35a and 35b. If intermediate space 33 were to be filled with a heat-conducting liquid, an increased heat transition from a pipe section 35a to the other pipe section 35b would thereby occur. A passive heat bridge is thereby formed inside the construction and heat transition increases (considerably). As a whole, the heat pipe 35 bridges the intermediate space 33 between wall shells 31a, 31b and in particular the separation layers 31a, 31b and coatings 39b. If the heat-conducting liquid were to be drained from the intermediate space 33, then the additional heat transition within the construction is cancelled. Inasmuch as the pipe sections 35a, 35b do not contact one another, a heat bridge is no longer present inside the construction (in the case of a drained intermediate space 33).

[0132] The function of pipe sections 35a, 35b therefore depends on two levels of a thermal liquid in the intermediate space 33. If the level is below pipe sections 35a, 35b (or heat pipe 35), no increased heat conduction exists. If the level is above heat pipe 35, increased heat conduction occurs.

[0133] The structural weight-bearing component 34 can be embodied in conjunction with heat pipe 35.

[0134] FIG. 3d shows a further embodiment of a building envelope. This embodiment basically exhibits the construction of the embodiment according to FIG. 3c. Heat pipe 35 is, however, formed differently from the embodiment according to FIG. 3c. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3d, pipe section 35a includes a pipe-section segment 35a1 and a pipe-section segment 35a2 that is arranged (concentrically) around pipe-section segment 35a1. The pipe-section segments 35a1, 35a2 project respectively into intermediate space 33 and are (partially) arranged outside pipe-section segments 35b1, 35b2 of the second pipe section 35b. A liquid pump 2 is provided in pipe-section segment 35a1, which achieves liquid circulation in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 3d.

[0135] The embodiment according to FIG. 3c make use of passive heat conduction. The embodiment according to FIG. 3c is particularly advantageous if intermediate space 33 is evacuated or is filled up with a porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material.

[0136] The embodiment according to FIG. 3d operates with active heat conduction. In this embodiment, liquid is transported inside heat pipe 35 from the heat collector 4 included in shell 31a by means of the double-walled embodiment of heat pipe 35 through the construction to heat collector 4 included in shell 31b (and by means of pipe-section segments 35b1 and 35a1 in the reverse direction).

[0137] FIG. 6a schematically shows in a type of simple flow diagram an operational sequence for achieving an applied or increased heat exchange through a building envelope of the type described above as an embodiment example of the process according to the invention.

[0138] The intermediate space of the construction has a specified configuration (porous, open-celled 3D-pattern material-cavity) and a specified geometry, which is given by the climate zone and use. It is divided into individual sectors. The “Initial state” stage equalizes the physical conditions in the intermediate space with either the outside environment or the interior. This can also be indicated as “Airing”. The initial state can also be fitted into the process sequence in order to prepare the intermediate space for the subsequent processes.

[0139] The step “Impose negative pressure” reduces the pressure in the intermediate space to a pre-determined value by means of a vacuum pump or by pressure compensation with a storage- or pressure-controllable membrane storage tank. Depending on the moisture content of the air or gas contained therein, the liquid-gas-liquid phase transition can be induced by means of the step “Impose negative pressure”. The step “Introduce fluid” fills the intermediate space with the heat-conducting medium by means of pumps, by pressure compensation with a storage- or pressure-controllable membrane storage tank or by the “Suction” step. This can be air with a pre-determined moisture content, a gas, or a liquid.

[0140] The step “Drain fluid” drains the intermediate space of the heat-conducting medium by means of pumps, by pressure compensation with a storage- or pressure-controllable membrane storage tank or by suction by means of a further “Impose negative pressure” step. In the latter case, a step for airing the building envelope follows. Subsequently, there is a decision step “Repeat cycle?” during which it is decided whether and, where necessary, at which point in time the cycle should be repeated and is based upon, on the one hand, the heat exchange achieved with a condition of the building envelope being filled with a heat-conducting medium, and, on the other hand, the existing target values and for example, additional recorded parameters. If there is no necessity for the same, the run is concluded; otherwise one returns to the “Impose negative pressure” step.

[0141] FIG. 6b shows in an analogous manner, the run of a flushing routine, with which the intermediate space of the building envelope is cleared of moisture or residual gas from a preceding process run at constant pressure, and which can be fitted in at various suitable points in the process runs.

[0142] The run begins with a step of determining the residual moisture in the intermediate space and comparison with a nominal value, as a result of which it is decided whether a flushing routine is to be performed. Were this to be the case, an “Impose negative pressure” step follows (as described in the preceding process). The “Flush out” step exchanges the air, gas, or liquid volume in the intermediate space under pre-determined, constant-pressure conditions. This is performed, for example, with the aid of a previously evacuated membrane storage tank or one prepared at a specified pressure ratio, which exchanges the volume in the intermediate space once, twice, or several times under constant pressure. In so doing, a pressure difference is produced between the conditions of the surroundings, the membrane storage tank, and the intermediate space. A vacuum pump can additionally provide the required air or gas volumes. With this step, an initial state is reached, in which the measurement and comparison steps which were initially performed are performed once again. If required, the cycle is then run through once again.

[0143] FIG. 6c shows, in contrast to that in FIG. 6a, a rather more complex process run, in which at the beginning a decision for one of the available options “decrease heat transfer?” or “Increase heat transfer?” is made. The two subsequent subroutines, which depend on the decision made, are represented here in a rather simplified manner, and the representation is essentially self-explanatory based on the labels. In the figure, it is also noted that, at specified sites, an appropriate flushing routine of the type outlined in FIG. 6b can be fitted in.

[0144] The representations in the flow diagrams are highly simplified and do not mirror the runs that in practice are considerably more complex, which can be produced under the influence of various measurement and comparison steps and which can be governed by intermediate decisions or due to partial pressure decreases or increases. Such elaborations do however lie within the purview of a person skilled in the art and need no more detailed description here.

[0145] FIG. 4 shows various schematic cross-sections of the seals, whose volumes can be changed. The schematic representation under (i) in FIG. 4 shows a seal 39, whose volume can be increased due to heat action through heat-conducting flange 39c. The heat-conducting flange 39c is, for instance, heat-conducting flange that is connected to the outside. Heat-conducting flange 39a is, for example, a heat-conducting flange that is provided for the division of sectors on the inside of the construction. In accordance with the embodiment according to (ii) in FIG. 4, the volume of the seal 39 is increased by heating action, which results from heating up an electrical cable 7 on the inside of the seal 39. Under (iii) in FIG. 4, the seal 39 is enlarged by the action of a chemical, which is contained inside a (permeable) pipe 38b. The pipe 38b is provided inside the seal 39. Under (iv) in FIG. 4, the sealing material is enlarged by the action of electromagnetic radiation (at a pre-determined wavelength).

[0146] FIGS. 3a and 3b shows a cut-away cross-section of a building envelope with a plurality of seals 39. As can be gathered from FIGS. 3a and 3b, the heat-conducting flange 39c are sealed against one another by means of a seal 39. Further seals 39 are provided between the sealing flange 39a and the reinforcement 32a and 32b. Still further seals 39 are arranged on the heat collector 4 as well as on the heat-conducting flange 39c.

[0147] FIGS. 3a through 3d shows a cut-away cross-section of a building wall with a seal 39 (by way of example, for the division of sectors) in a case in which the intermediate space 33 is filled with a porous, open-celled, 3D-pattern material.

[0148] The execution of the invention is not limited to the examples and aspects explained above, instead a plurality of modifications are also possible, which are within the purview of matters known to a person skilled in the art.

REFERENCE LIST

[0149] 1 Sensor and/or input means [0150] 2 Air, gas or liquid pump [0151] 3 Air, gas or liquid reservoir [0152] 4 Means for heat collection [0153] 5 Means for heat exchange [0154] 6 Means for surface enlargement [0155] 7 Electrical conductor [0156] 10, 20, 30 Building envelope for a building wall, floor, or roof [0157] 11a, 11b; 21a, 21b [0158] 31a, 31b Shells spaced apart from one another [0159] 12, 22, 32 Building material [0160] 12a, 12b, 22a, 22b, 32a, 32b Reinforcement [0161] 13, 23, 33 Intermediate space [0162] 13a, 23a, 33a Space for joining [0163] 14, 24, 34 Structural weight-bearing component [0164] 15, 25, 35 Heat pipe [0165] 15a, 25a, 35a First pipe section [0166] 15b, 25b, 35b Second pipe section [0167] 16, 26, 36 Porous, open-celled 3D-pattern [0168] 17, 27, 37 Sector separation element [0169] 18, 28, 38 means for fluid supply and removal [0170] 18a, 28a, 38a Conduit system [0171] 18b, 28b, 38b Permeable pipes [0172] 19, 29, 39 Controllable sealing means [0173] 19a, 29a, 39a Sealing and fastening flange [0174] 19b, 29b, 39b Separation coating [0175] 19c, 29c, 39c Sealing and heat-conducting flange