Mobile waste comminuting device comprising a parallel hybrid drive system

Abstract

A waste shredding device including at least one shredding shaft; an internal combustion engine; a first and a second powertrain between the internal combustion engine and the shredding shaft; at least one energy converter coupled to the internal combustion engine in the first powertrain for converting mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into storable energy; and at least one auxiliary motor supplied with the storable energy in the first powertrain for introducing mechanical energy into the first powertrain. The waste shredding device additionally includes an energy store for storing at least part of the storable energy in the event of periods with low power demand and for at least partially supplying the at least one auxiliary motor with the storable energy in the event of periods of high power demand.

Claims

1. A mobile waste shredding device comprising: at least one shredding shaft configured to shred input material; an internal combustion engine; a first and a second powertrain between the internal combustion engine and the shredding shaft; at least one energy converter coupled to the internal combustion engine in the first powertrain for converting mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into storable energy; at least one auxiliary motor supplied with the storable energy in the first powertrain for introducing mechanical energy into the first powertrain; an energy store for storing at least part of the storable energy in an event of periods of low power demand and for at least partially supplying the at least one auxiliary motor with the storable energy in an event of periods of high power demand; and a control unit, wherein the second powertrain comprises a clutch for coupling the internal combustion engine to the at least one shredding shaft, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the mobile waste shredding device so that a reversing operation of the at least one shredding shaft is carried out with the clutch open and a direction of rotation of the at least one shredding shaft reversed with the at least one auxiliary motor supplied with an energy supply from the energy store.

2. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the second powertrain comprises at least one selected from the group of (i) a main gear on the at least one shredding shaft, and (ii) a continuously variable gear for changing a rotational speed of the at least one shredding shaft.

3. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 2, wherein a first transmission is provided in the second powertrain for adapting a ratio of a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and a rotational speed of the at least one shredding shaft.

4. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 3, wherein a second transmission is provided in the first powertrain for adapting the ratio of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and a rotational speed of the energy converter or adapting a ratio of a rotational speed of the first transmission and the rotational speed of the energy converter.

5. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 4, wherein a third transmission is provided in the first powertrain for adapting the ratio of the speed of rotation of the internal combustion engine and a speed of rotation of the auxiliary motor or adapting the ratio of the rotational speed of the first transmission and the speed of rotation of the auxiliary motor.

6. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein a first transmission is provided in the second powertrain for adapting a ratio of a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and a rotational speed of the at least one shredding shaft.

7. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 6, wherein a second transmission is provided in the first powertrain for adapting the ratio of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and a rotational speed of the energy converter or adapting a ratio of a rotational speed of the first transmission and the rotational speed of the energy converter.

8. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 7, wherein a third transmission is provided in the first powertrain for adapting the ratio of the speed of rotation of the internal combustion engine and a speed of rotation of the auxiliary motor or adapting the ratio of the rotational speed of the first transmission and the speed of rotation of the auxiliary motor.

9. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy converter and the at least one auxiliary motor form at least one energy converter/motor unit.

10. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 9, wherein the at least one energy converter/motor unit is coupled to the second powertrain via a transmission.

11. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy converter and the at least one auxiliary motor form separate units which are each coupled to the second powertrain via a respective transmission.

12. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy converter comprises at least one generator and the at least one auxiliary motor comprises an electric motor.

13. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 12, further comprising: at least one AC/DC converter for converting alternating current from said at least one generator to direct current, a DC/AC converter for converting direct current to alternating current for said at least one electric motor, and an intermediate circuit disposed between said AC/DC converter and said DC/AC converter having an energy management module for coupling said energy storage, each electric motor being an alternating current motor.

14. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 12, wherein the energy store comprises at least one selected from the group of (i) an electrical energy store, and (ii) a mechanical energy store; wherein the electrical energy store comprises at least one selected from the group of (a) a rechargeable battery, (b) a capacitor, (c) a superconducting magnetic energy store, and (d) a static uninterruptible power supply (UPS); wherein the mechanical energy store comprises at least one selected from the group of (x) a dynamic UPS, (y) a flywheel mass store, and (z) a flywheel store; and wherein, in a case of a mechanical energy store, the energy store further comprises a converter for converting electrical into mechanical and mechanical into electrical energy.

15. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy converter comprises at least one hydraulic pump and the at least one auxiliary motor comprises a hydraulic motor, further comprising a hydrostatic control unit.

16. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 15, wherein the energy store comprises at least one hydraulic accumulator, wherein the hydraulic accumulator comprises a gas-filled pressure vessel, wherein the gas-filled pressure vessel comprises at least one selected from the group of (i) a diaphragm accumulator, (ii) a bladder accumulator, (iii) a piston accumulator, (iv) a metal bellows accumulator, and (v) a spring accumulator.

17. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of shredding shafts are provided.

18. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein an additional device for charging the energy store is provided.

19. The mobile waste shredding device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further adapted to control the mobile waste shredding device so that at least one selected from the group of (i) during a starting process and when the clutch is open, the auxiliary motor drives at least one shredding shaft by means of an energy supply from the energy store until a synchronous rotational speed to a first transmission is reached, whereupon the clutch is closed and the energy supply from the energy store is stopped; (ii) during a starting process and when the clutch is closed, the auxiliary motor is started by means of an energy supply from the energy store and the internal combustion engine drives the at least one shredding shaft and the energy supply from the energy store is subsequently stopped; (iii) if a torque required for the shredding increases and thus a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine falls below a minimum value, then the at least one shredding shaft is driven with energy supply from the energy store with the auxiliary motor (iv) if the torque provided is still insufficient or if the at least one shredding shaft is blocked, then the clutch is opened and a further power supply is also stopped via the auxiliary motor and (v) if a possible power of the internal combustion engine is not completely required for directly driving the at least one shredding shaft, then the energy store is charged via the energy converter.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a measuring diagram of torques of a shredding process.

(2) FIG. 2 illustrates the mode of operation of the waste shredding device according to the invention.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention.

(7) FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention.

(8) FIG. 8 shows a sixth embodiment of the mobile waste shredding device in accordance with the invention.

EMBODIMENTS

(9) The invention refers, according to an embodiment, to a mobile shredding device comprising at least one shredding shaft, an internal combustion engine and a generator coupled to the internal combustion engine for converting mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into electrical energy, and at least one electric motor for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy for driving the shredding shaft(s), without and with the aid of an electrical or mechanical energy store. Furthermore, at least one clutch can be provided in the main powertrain for mechanically coupling the internal combustion engine to the shredding shaft(s) via gear stages. In one embodiment of the invention, the generator can be operated on the internal combustion engine, alternately as a generator and as a motor (generator/electric motor unit).

(10) In a further embodiment, the internal combustion engine has at least one hydraulic pump for converting the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, and at least one hydraulic motor for converting the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy for driving the shredding shaft(s), without and with the support of a hydraulic energy store. In one embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic pump can be operated on the internal combustion engine, alternately as a hydraulic pump and as a hydraulic motor. In a further embodiment a continuously variable transmission is provided in the main powertrain.

(11) The object of the invention is to provide an energy-efficient mobile waste shredding device. The increase in efficiency is intended to enable the use of a smaller diesel engine or, with the same size of the diesel engine, an increase in throughput capacity. This should also lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions, both in absolute terms and specifically in terms of throughput.

(12) By improving the efficiency and the associated increase in efficiency, the waste heat from the diesel engine, such as the waste heat from the hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor is completely eliminated, and in the preferred embodiment, only a small amount of waste heat is generated from the generator and electric motor and from the energy store. This further increases efficiency as the drive power of the fan drive of the cooling system is reduced.

(13) The efficiency of the diesel engine of 0.35-0.4 can even be improved with the more energy-efficient drive in accordance with the invention, even if this does not seem possible due to the system. This is due to the possibility of choosing a smaller type of diesel engine with better efficiency. The diesel engine will also be able to operate at more constant power with the more energy-efficient drive according to the invention, since the periods of high power demand and the periods of low power demands are largely compensated for by the energy store and only to a small extent put strain on the diesel engine. A considerable specific improvement in consumption can therefore be expected.

(14) The electrical efficiency can be improved from 0.4-0.6 to 0.8-0.9 compared to the hydrostatic drive according to the current state of the art, which, together with the improvement of the diesel engine, will lead to a considerable saving of approx. 35-45% in specific throughput. Even in the embodiment according to the invention with hydrostatic drive, there will still be a saving of at least 35-40%.

(15) The conversion from hydraulic components according to the state of the art to electrical and hydraulic drive components according to the invention is associated with a considerable reduction of noise emissions of at least 5 dB(A).

(16) This mobile waste shredding device according to invention comprises in the embodiments at least one shredding shaft 90/91, an internal combustion engine 10, a clutch 30, a first and a second powertrain between the internal combustion engine and the shredding shaft; a powertrain between clutch 30 and transmission 80 of the shredding shafts 90/91 as part of the second powertrain, in one of the embodiments, a continuously variable transmission 40 in the powertrain, a generator 20 coupled to the powertrain in front of the clutch, an electric motor 70 coupled behind the clutch, or a generator/electric motor as a unit 73, in one of the embodiments, a hydraulic pump 22 and a hydraulic motor 72, or a hydraulic pump/motor as unit 23, each for converting a part of the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into electrical or hydrostatic energy, an energy store 50 and 52 for storing the electrical or hydrostatic energy generated by the generator 20 or the hydraulic pump 22 or hydraulic pump/motor unit 22, respectively during idling or during periods of low power demand, as well as the control system 100 required to operate all these components with correspondingly complex software.

(17) With this parallel hybrid drive solution, a shredding system with improved efficiency can be provided. It is particularly advantageous that almost the entire output of the internal combustion engine is available for the actual shredding after the mechanical connection between the internal combustion engine and the transmission of the shredding shaft has been established by the clutch 30. This achieves the technically highest possible degree of efficiency in the operating state.

(18) With an additional energy store 50 and 52 for storing the electrical or hydrostatic energy generated by the generator or the hydraulic pump when the shredder is idling or during periods of low power demand, the electrical or hydrostatic energy generated in this way can be stored and thus fed to the shredding shafts 90/91 as additional mechanical energy at the start of the shredder and at periods of high power demand, with the electric motor 70, generator/motor unit 73, or hydraulic motor 72, pump/motor unit 23.

(19) The electrical energy stores used are preferably rechargeable capacitors, so-called SuperCAPS, rechargeable batteries or accumulators, preferably based on lithium-ion cells, UPS (uninterruptible power supplies), hydraulic accumulators 52, e.g. bladder accumulators and electrical flywheel or compressed air accumulators.

(20) The internal combustion engine 10 and the generator 20 or electric motor 70 or hydraulic pump 22 or hydraulic motor 72 are provided in a parallel hybrid arrangement, whereby the shredding shaft 90/91 can be directly driven by the internal combustion engine 10 via a clutch 30, in particular it is mechanically connected directly to the internal combustion engine 10, and the generator 20 or electric motor 70 or hydraulic pump 72 in a parallel powertrain draws its power with the main train in front of and behind the clutch 30 for recharging the stores or output it to the internal combustion engine as additional power.

(21) The mobile waste shredding device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that a transmission arrangement 11 and 60 is provided for the adaptation of the ratio of the speeds of the internal combustion engine 10 and the shredding shaft 90/91.

(22) In this way, the speed specified by the internal combustion engine 10 and the speed of the shredding shaft 90/91 can be matched to each other.

(23) A change in the direction of rotation when the shaft is blocked is usually not carried out via a transmission, but directly by the parallel (first) powertrain provided in the electric or hydraulic motor by the change in the direction of rotation in the control system.

(24) The gear arrangement may include a first transmission 11 for adjusting the ratio of the speeds of the internal combustion engine 10 and the generator 20 and the hydraulic pump 22, and/or a second transmission 60 for adjusting the ratio of the speeds of the electric motor 70 or hydraulic motor 72, the internal combustion engine 10 and the shredding shaft 90/91.

(25) Another embodiment is that the internal combustion engine 10 and the electric motor 70, generator/motor unit 73, hydraulic motor 72, and hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, are provided in a parallel hybrid arrangement, the shredding shaft 90/91 being drivable with both the internal combustion engine 10 and the electric motor 70, generator/motor unit 73, hydraulic motor 72, and hydraulic pump/motor unit 23. Thus, both the major part of the mechanical power of the internal combustion engine 10 and the mechanical power of the electric motor 70, the generator/motor unit 73, hydraulic motor 72, and hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, can be used to drive the shredding shaft 90/91.

(26) Another embodiment is that the second or third transmission 80 can be an appropriate reduction transmission, whereby the internal combustion engine 10, and the electric motor 70, generator/motor unit 73, hydraulic motor 72, and hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, are provided in a power split hybrid arrangement, and wherein the shredding shaft 90 is drivable both with the internal combustion engine 10, and with at least one electric motor 70, generator/motor unit 73, hydraulic motor 72, and hydraulic pump/motor unit 23.

(27) In a further embodiment 120 and 220, after the clutch 30 of the main powertrain between the internal combustion engine and transmission 80 of the shredding shaft 90/91, a continuously variable transmission 40 is provided for speed variation. With this additional continuously variable transmission 40, the speed of the shredding shaft 90/91 can be adapted to the task of shredding. This is preferably not a matter of short-term speed changes, which can, for example, be carried out with an electric or hydraulic motor, but of a continuous adaptation of the shaft speed to the shredding task by means of an intelligent or self-learning control system.

(28) The other embodiments 200, 210, and 220 include at least one shredding shaft 90/91; an internal combustion engine 10; a hydraulic pump 22 coupled to the internal combustion engine for converting mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into hydraulic energy; or a hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, a hydraulic accumulator 52 for storing hydraulic energy generated by the hydraulic pump 22; and a hydraulic motor 72 or hydraulic pump/motor unit 23 supplied with the hydraulic energy for driving the at least one shredding shaft 90/91. This hybrid solution is based on a hydraulic system in which a hydraulic accumulator 52 is provided. When discharging the hydraulic accumulator, hydraulic energy (pressure*volume) can then be output.

(29) The hydraulic accumulator 52 may comprise a pressure vessel filled with gas, in particular a diaphragm accumulator and/or a bladder accumulator and/or a piston accumulator and/or a metal bellows accumulator and/or a spring accumulator.

(30) The function of the interaction of the internal combustion engine 10 to generate mechanical power; the clutch 30 to connect the powertrain of the internal combustion engine 10 to the transmission 80 of the shredding shaft 90/91; the generator 20 or the hydraulic pump 22, or hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, or generator/motor unit 73, to generate electrical or hydrostatic energy; and the electric or hydraulic motor 70 and 72, or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, or generator/motor unit 73 for converting the electrical or hydrostatic energy into a mechanical power for driving the shredding shaft 90/91, and an energy store 50 or 52 for covering the power required for starting and peak load, is ensured by a complex control 100 with corresponding software.

(31) In all embodiments, the clutch 30 in the powertrain between the internal combustion engine and the transmission 80 of the shredding shaft 90/91 is open when the internal combustion engine 10 is started. In the embodiments 100, 120, 200 and 220 the transmission 12, which drives the generator 20, or a hydraulic pump 22, is in the powertrain in front of the clutch 30.

(32) In the embodiments 100, 120, 200 and 220, the still open clutch 30 and the operating internal combustion engine 10 should ensure that the generator 20 or the hydraulic pump 22 still charges the energy store until the energy store 50 or 52 has the energy content required for starting the shredder. This is not provided for in embodiments 110 and 210.

(33) In the embodiments 110 and 210, the generator/electric motor unit 73 or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23 is driven by the transmission 13 behind the clutch 30, or it returns the stored and retrieved power via this transmission.

(34) A so-called AC/DC converter 21 is mounted on generator 20 and an AC/DC/DC/AC converter 74 or frequency converter 74 is mounted directly or separately on generator/electric motor unit 73.

(35) This AC/DC/DC 21 converter or frequency converter generates a so-called intermediate circuit as direct current with a voltage of 200 to 800 V, preferably 650 V. If more than one generator is used, however, only one intermediate circuit is formed.

(36) In the embodiment 110, the electric motor and the generator form a structural unit in the form of a motor/generator unit 73. This is a compact form in which the motor/generator unit 73 functions first of all as an electric motor when supplied electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy and then also as a generator when supplied mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy for storage in the energy store 50.

(37) In the embodiment 210, the hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor form a structural unit 23 in which the pump can also be operated as a motor via the switching valve 31, depending on whether power has to be fed into the hydraulic accumulator 52 or output by it.

(38) In the embodiment 110, where the generator is simultaneously an electric motor and vice versa, the AC/DC converter is also designed as a DC/AC converter, and thus as an AC/DC/DC/AC converter 74 or frequency converter.

(39) The electric motor 70 delivers the power after the clutch 30 back to the main powertrain via the transmission 60. The generator/electric motor unit 73 takes and delivers its power via the transmission 13 from/to the main powertrain, but after the clutch 30.

(40) In the embodiments 100, 110 and 120 an energy store 50 is connected to the intermediate circuit. The energy store can be a capacitor, a battery or accumulator, a UVS uninterruptible power supply, or an electric flywheel accumulator. In the embodiments 200, 210 and 220, a hydraulic energy store 52 is provided, wherein immediately before the electric energy store or in the overall control, a corresponding management of the energy store 51 is provided for loading and unloading. With the hydraulic energy store, this function is achieved with control valves 31.

(41) A combination of several identical or several different energy stores is also possible. For example, a battery energy store for the starting process of the shredder and a condenser for covering the peak load.

(42) The function of these components is provided as follows in the control technology for embodiments 100, 120, 200 and 220. As soon as the internal combustion engine 10 is at rated speed, preferably between 1,100 and 2,400 rpm depending on the engine type, the generator 20 or the hydraulic pump 22 is switched on and the energy store 50 or 52 is thus charged.

(43) If the energy store 50 or 52 has the energy content required for a start process, the actual start process can begin. In all embodiments, the electric motor 70, the generator/electric motor unit 73, the hydraulic motor 72, and the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, via the transmissions 12 and 13 or 60, and the main transmission 80, bring the shredding shaft 90/91 to the specified speed. The energy requirement is covered by the energy store 50 or 52, as the clutch 30 to the internal combustion engine 10 is still open.

(44) As soon as the input speed of the transmission 80 has reached the same speed as the output of the transmission 11, i.e. the speeds are almost synchronous, the clutch 30 is closed and the internal combustion engine 10 is mechanically connected directly to the shredding shaft 90/91 via the transmission 80.

(45) As soon as the clutch 30 is closed and the speed of the shredding shaft 90 is constant after the clutch 30 is closed, the electric motor 70 or hydraulic motor 72 stops the power supply via the transmission 60 to the main powertrain. The shredding shafts 90/91 are then only driven directly by the internal combustion engine 10.

(46) In the embodiments 110 and 210, the starting procedure and function are different from those described above for the embodiments 110, 120, 200 and 220.

(47) After starting the internal combustion engine 10 and reaching the preset speed, the generator/motor unit 73, or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, is put into operation as an electric or hydraulic motor while the clutch 30 is still open, and the power generated in this way is transferred via the transmission 13 to the main powertrain to the transmission 80, thus bringing the shafts 90/91 to the preset speed.

(48) As soon as the input speed of the transmission 80 has reached the same speed as the input or output of the transmission 13 facing the clutch 30, i.e. the speeds are almost synchronous, the clutch 30 is closed and the internal combustion engine 10 is mechanically connected directly to the shredding shaft 90/91 via the transmission 80.

(49) In all embodiments 100, 110, 120, 200, 210 and 220, the almost synchronous speed is reached and the clutch 30 is closed, and after closing the clutch 30 the speed of the shredding shaft 90/91 is constant, the electric motor 70, or hydraulic motor 72 via the transmission 60, or the generator/electric motor unit 23, or hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, terminates the power supply via the transmission 13 into the main powertrain. The shredding shafts 90/91 are now only operated directly from the internal combustion engine 10.

(50) As can be seen from FIG. 1, the shredding process takes place with highly changing torques and thus highly changing power consumption of the internal combustion engine 10. The diagram clearly shows so-called load peaks and periods with low load demand. In the embodiment according to the invention, the nominal power of the system and thus of the diesel or internal combustion engine 10 will preferably be formed in the middle between the expected load peaks and periods of low load demand.

(51) Since the internal combustion engine 10 cannot cover the load peaks with this design, additional energy must be supplied to the shredding system. The energy required to cover the load peaks is provided by the energy store 50 or 52. The internal combustion engine 10 is preferably operated in the rated load range.

(52) The additional power required to cover the load peaks is applied by the energy store 50 or 52 and transferred to the drive main train by the electric motor 70, or the generator/electric motor unit 73, or the hydraulic motor 72, or by the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, as a power supply to cover the load peaks via the transmissions 13 or 60.

(53) Since the load peaks do not have to be covered by the power of the internal combustion engine 10, a smaller size of the internal combustion engine is possible.

(54) If periods of low load demand occur again, as can be seen from the graphic in FIG. 1, the energy store 50 or 52 is recharged via the generator 20, or the generator/electric motor unit 73, or the hydraulic pump 22, or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, so that the stored energy is available for further covering of load peaks.

(55) The graphic FIG. 2 illustrates the mode of operation of the embodiments according to the invention very clearly. Graphic FIG. 2 shows the power limit of the internal combustion engine 10, preferably designed as a diesel engine. This is the maximum power that the diesel engine is capable of delivering. Then the graphic shows the power limit of the entire hybrid system, i.e. the sum of the power of the combustion diesel engine 10 and the electric motor 70, the hydraulic motor 72, the generator/engine unit 73, and the hydraulic pump/engine unit 23. The curve in the graph shows the power requirement for the shredding task. The part exceeding the power limit of the internal combustion engine/diesel engine 10, i.e. the power peaks, are covered by the additional power of the electric motor 70, or hydraulic motor 72, or the generator/electric motor units 73, or by the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, in addition to the internal combustion engine 10. In the area where the combustion/diesel engine 10 does not have to have the power limit, i.e. in the periods with low power demand, the remaining part up to the power limit can be used by the generator 20, the hydraulic pump 22, the generator/electric motor unit 73, the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, to charge the energy stores 50 and 52.

(56) If an additional short-term power from the energy store 50 or 52, for an additional power supply via the electric motor 70, or via the generator/electric motor unit 73, or via the hydraulic motor 72, or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, is applied to the power of the internal combustion engine 10, which is also connected with an increase of the torque on the shredding shaft 90/91, and the specified speed of the shredding shaft 90/91 can still not be kept within the permissible range, or even the shredding shaft 90/91 is blocked, the clutch 30 is immediately opened.

(57) The direction of rotation of the electric motor 70, or the generator/electric motor unit 73, hydraulic motor 72, or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, is changed immediately. Thus the direction of rotation of the shredding shafts 90/91 is also changed and a so-called reversing process of the shafts 90/91 is initiated.

(58) By changing the direction of rotation and thus the shredding shaft 90/91, a so-called relieve of the shredding shaft 90/91 is to be achieved.

(59) If the direction of rotation of the shredding shaft 90/91 is normal or if the direction of rotation of the shredding shaft has changed, the control process described above will set the corresponding speed, the maximum permissible current consumption of the electric motor 70, or the generator/electric motor unit 73, or the maximum pressure of the hydraulic motor 72, or the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23, and the duration of the changed direction of rotation freely selectable by the control system.

(60) As soon as the period of the changed direction of rotation of the shredding shaft 90/91 has elapsed, the start procedure described above for the normal direction of rotation is initiated again.

(61) Due to the direct coupling of the internal combustion engine 10 with the shredding shafts 90/91 via the main gear 80, the design and inertia of the internal combustion engine 10 results in a very narrow spectrum of a speed and thus torque range in which the shredding of the respective input material is possible.

(62) If the input material is such that it requires a different speed or torque range than that resulting from the mechanical coupling between the internal combustion engine 10 and the shredding shaft 90/91, frequent blockades and the associated change in the direction of rotation or a reversing process of the shredding shaft 90/91 occur. This considerably reduces the throughput or can be completely impossible.

(63) Therefore, in the further embodiment 120 and 220 it is suggested to provide preferably a continuously variable transmission 40. With this additional transmission it is possible to select the correct speed or torque range for the respective shredding task. In this way the blockades or reversing processes of the shredding shaft 90/91 which reduce the throughput can be avoided or at least reduced.

(64) It is not necessarily the intention to make rapid changes to the speed of the shredding shaft 90/91 with the continuously variable transmission 40. Rather, the best speed and thus torque range of the shredding shaft 90/91 should preferably be permanently and continuously adapted to the shredding task by means of an intelligent and self-learning control system with the continuously variable gear 40.

(65) The embodiment 120 with the generator 20 and the electric motor 70, the embodiment 220 with the hydraulic pump 22 and the hydraulic motor 72, in connection with the continuously variable transmission 40 can also be further developed so that the continuously variable transmission 40 is used as in the embodiment 110 with the generator/electric motor unit 73, and in the embodiment 210 with the hydraulic pump/motor unit 23.

(66) The drawings show exemplary embodiments 100, 110, 120, 200, 210 and 220.

(67) Here 10 is the diesel or internal combustion engine, 11 is a reduction or transmission gear for adjusting the speed of the internal combustion engine 10 to the main transmission 80, 12 is the first gear for the output to the components 20, 22, 13, is the further gear as input and output of the components 23 and 73, 20 is the generator, 21 is the AC/DC converter or frequency converter, 23 is the hydraulic pump/motor unit, 30 is the clutch, 40 is the continuously variable transmission, 50 is the electric energy store, 51 is the energy management required for this, 52 is the hydraulic energy store, 60 is the second transmission for the output of the components 70 and 72, 70 is the electric motor, 71 is the DC/AC converter, 72 is the hydraulic motor, 73 is the electric generator/motor unit, 80 is the main transmission, 90/91 are the two shredding shafts, 100 is the control for all components.

(68) The following embodiments 100, 110, 120, 200, 210 and 220 are only examples and the complete scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.

(69) For all the transmissions 11, 12, 13 and 60 described in the various embodiments, other transmission elements such as V-belts or toothed belts etc. can also be provided. The design as a transmission or spur gear unit is only an example here.

(70) The drawings show exemplary embodiments 100, 110, 120, 200, 210 and 220.

(71) 10 is the diesel or internal combustion engine, 11 is a reduction or transmission gear for adapting the speed of the internal combustion engine 10 to the main gear 80, 12 is the first transmission for the output to the components 20, 22, 13 is the further gear as input and output of the components 23 and 73, 20 is the generator, 21 is the AC/DC converter or frequency converter, respectively, 23 is the hydraulic pump/motor unit, 30 is the clutch, 40 is the continuously variable transmission, 50 is the electric energy store, 51 is the energy management required for this, 52 is the hydraulic energy store, 60 is the second transmission for the output of the components 70 and 72, 70 is the electric motor, 71 is the DC/AC converter, 72 is the hydraulic motor, 73 is the electric generator/motor unit, 80 is the main transmission, 90/91 the two shredding shafts, 100 the control for all components.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS SHOWN IN THE DRAWINGS

(72) The following embodiments 100, 110, 120, 200, 210 and 220 are only examples and the complete scope of this invention is defined by the claims.

(73) For all transmissions 11, 12, 13 and 60 described in the various embodiments, other transmission elements such as V-belts or toothed belts etc. can also be provided. The design as gear unit or spur gear unit is only an example here.

Embodiment 100

(74) FIG. 3 shows this embodiment 100 of the waste shredding device and comprises in this embodiment the shredding shaft 90/91; an internal combustion engine (diesel engine) 10; a first transmission 11 for adjusting the speed; another transmission 12 for coupling with the generator; the generator 20 for converting mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine 10 into electrical energy; the AC/DC converter 21; the clutch 30; the energy store 50; the energy store management 51; the further transmission 60 for coupling with the electric motor; the electric motor 70 for converting the electrical energy into mechanical energy; the DC/AC converter 71; the main transmission 80; the clutch 30 for establishing a mechanical connection between the output of the transmission 12 and the input of the transmission 6050, and the overall control 100.

(75) The internal combustion engine 10, the generator 20 and the electric motor 70 with transmission 60 are provided in this exemplary embodiment 100 in a parallel hybrid arrangement, whereby the shredding shaft 90/91 is drivable both with the electric motor 70 and the internal combustion engine 10 with closed clutch 30. The power and torque components of the internal combustion engine 10 and the electric motor 70 can be divided depending on the speed of the shredding shaft 90/91 with the clutch 30 closed.

(76) The first transmission 11 is designed as a spur gear in order to adjust the speed of the internal combustion engine 10 to that of the main transmission 80. The second transmission 12 increases the speed of the generator 20. The third transmission 60 reduces the speed of the electric motor 70 to the desired input speed of the transmission 80. This enables a smaller design of the electric motor 70, since otherwise—without the third transmission 60—the electric motor 70 would have to apply a large torque at comparatively low speeds, which can only be achieved by a larger design of the electric motor 70.

(77) The third transmission 60 can also be used to reverse the direction of rotation of the shredding shaft 90/91, whereby the electric motor 70 is operated in the opposite direction of rotation when the clutch 30 is open.

(78) The clutch 30, between the outlet of the transmission 12 and the inlet of the transmission 80, takes over the task, after the electric motor 70, supplied with energy from the energy store 50 has driven the shredding shaft 90/91 to the given speed and almost synchronous with the outlet of the transmission 12 via the transmission 60 and the main transmission 80, to establish a direct mechanical connection between the internal combustion engine 10, via the transmission 11, 12 and 80, with the shaft 90/91 when the clutch is still open.

(79) The mobile waste shredding device of the embodiment 100 further comprises an AC/DC converter 21, and a DC/AC converter 71, an energy store (e.g. rechargeable battery) 50 with energy storage management 51 for storing electrical energy generated by the generator 20. The mobile waste shredder 100 also includes a control unit 100 for controlling the internal combustion engine 10, generator 20 and electric motor 70 to provide the required power, torque and speed for the shredding shaft 90/91, respectively, and to provide sufficient charging of the energy store 50. The control unit 100 can also be used to control the energy store 50 if no separate energy management 51 is provided.

Embodiment 110

(80) FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment 110 of the waste shredding device according to the invention. The same reference numerals here designate the same components as in FIG. 100 Only the additional or modified components are described below.

(81) The electric motor 70 and the generator 20 of the first embodiment 100 are designed here as a motor/generator unit 73. The internal combustion engine 10 and the engine/generator unit 73 are each coupled to a transmission arrangement 13, whereby this transmission is located compared to the first embodiment 100 behind the clutch 30. This transmission 13 is in turn coupled to the main transmission 80 and this to the shredding shaft 90/91.

(82) The internal combustion engine 10 and the motor/generator unit 73 with AC/DC/DC/AC converter 74, in this embodiment 110 are also in a parallel hybrid arrangement, which means that the shredding shaft 90/91 can be driven via the main transmission 80, both with the internal combustion engine 10 and with the engine/generator unit 73.

(83) Thus, the majority of the mechanical power of the internal combustion engine 10 as well as the mechanical power of the motor/generator unit 73 can be used to drive the shredding shaft 90/91.

(84) In a shredding device state where the mechanical power of the motor/generator unit 73 is not required, the energy store 50 can be charged via the energy management 51 by the motor/generator unit 73 generating electrical energy mechanically driven by the internal combustion engine 10.

(85) In this embodiment, the energy store 50 is not charged by the generator 20, and the direction of rotation is not changed by the motor 70, but by the generator/motor unit 73.

(86) The clutch 30 between the outlet of the transmission 11 and the inlet of the transmission 12, which is directly mechanically connected to the main transmission 80, takes over the task, after the generator/electric motor unit 73, supplied with energy from the energy store 50, via the transmission 13 and the main transmission 80, the shredding shaft 90/91 has been driven to the predetermined rotational speed which is substantially synchronous with the output of the transmission 11, by closing the clutch 30, to establish a direct mechanical connection between the internal combustion engine 10, via the transmissions 11, 13 and 80, with the shaft 90/91.

(87) Since the embodiment 110 has a generator/electric motor unit 73 compared to the embodiment 100, this is supplied with electrical energy by an AC/DC/DC/AC. Otherwise, embodiment 110 is designed in the same way as embodiment 100.

Embodiment 120

(88) FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment 120 of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention, which is similar in structure to the first embodiment 100. The same reference numerals here designate the same components as in FIG. 3 in embodiment 100. Therefore only the additional components are described in the following.

(89) In this embodiment 120, the mobile waste shredding device comprises, as in embodiment 100, a first transmission 11, a second transmission 12, a clutch 30, and the third transmission 60. Then, in the embodiment 120, in contrast to the embodiment 100, the continuously variable transmission 40 is additionally provided, in which the transmission ratio and thus the speed at the input of the main transmission 80, and thus at the shafts 90/91, can be continuously adjusted.

(90) All other components and the function of embodiment 120 are identical with embodiment 100.

Embodiment 200

(91) FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment 200 of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention, analogous to the first embodiment 100, which, however, is based on a hydraulic and non-electric drive concept.

(92) The same reference numerals here refer to the same components as in FIG. 3 in embodiment 100. Therefore, only the additional components are described below.

(93) In this embodiment, the mobile waste shredding device 200 comprises a shredding shaft 90/91; an internal combustion engine 10; a hydraulic pump 22 coupled to the internal combustion engine 100 via the transmission 12 for converting mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine 10 into hydraulic energy; a hydraulic accumulator 52 for storing hydraulic energy generated by the hydraulic pump 22; and a hydraulic motor 72 supplied with this hydraulic energy for driving the at least one shredding shaft 90/90 via the transmissions 60 and 80, and a hydrostatic control unit.

(94) The hydraulic accumulator 52 preferably comprises a gas-filled pressure vessel in which a hydraulic fluid is stored under pressure and can release hydraulic energy when relieved of pressure.

(95) The internal combustion engine 10 and the hydraulic motor 72 are provided in a power-split hybrid arrangement. The other components of embodiment 200, i.e. with the exception of 22, 31, 72 and 52, are identical to embodiment 100 in function.

Embodiment 210

(96) FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment 210 of the mobile waste shredding device according to the invention, analogous to the second embodiment 110, which, however, is also based on a hydraulic and non-electric drive concept.

(97) The same reference numerals here designate the same components as in FIG. 4 in embodiment 110. Therefore, only the additional components are described below.

(98) These two embodiments 110 and 210 differ essentially in that the generator/motor unit 73 of embodiment 110 is replaced by a hydraulic pump/motor unit 23 of design 210.

(99) As a result, the energy store 50 is also a hydraulic accumulator 52. As a result, the regulating and control units 31 in the energy store circuit also change analogously. Otherwise, embodiment 210 is identical to embodiment 110 except for the hydraulic pump/motor unit 73, which also includes the components and their function.

Embodiment 220

(100) FIG. 8 shows a further sixth embodiment 220 of the mobile waste shredding device in accordance with the invention, analogous to the third embodiment 120, which, however, is based on a hydraulic and non-electric drive concept.

(101) The same reference numerals here designate the same components as in FIG. 5 in embodiment 120. Therefore, only the additional components are described below.

(102) These two embodiments differ essentially in that the generator 20 and electric motor 70 of embodiment 120 are replaced by the hydraulic pump 22 and the hydraulic motor 72 of embodiment 220.

(103) The embodiment 220, like the embodiment 120 contains a continuously variable transmission between the 60 transmission and the main 80 transmission, but with a hydrostatic and non-hydraulic drive concept.

(104) The embodiments shown are only exemplary and the complete scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.